Birth Defects Research最新文献

{"title":"Cabergoline Use and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review","authors":"Anne-Sophie Otis,&nbsp;Marie-Sophie Brochet,&nbsp;Zoë Tremblay,&nbsp;Jacques Balayla,&nbsp;Elias M. Dahdouh","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2464","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bdr2.2464","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lack of available expert guidelines leads clinicians to interrupt cabergoline treatment upon confirmation of pregnancy and consider switching to bromocriptine, which is more commonly used during pregnancy but is poorly tolerated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this review was to evaluate pregnancy outcomes, primarily major malformations and spontaneous abortions, after pregnancy exposure to cabergoline during the first trimester compared to pregnancy exposure to other comparators or no treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An Embase, Pubmed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov search was performed. Full articles published before October 27, 2022, and evaluating the effect of cabergoline on major malformations and spontaneous abortions were considered for inclusion in the review. Search results were manually screened and selected by two independent reviewers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Totally, 2186 records were identified. After removal of duplicates and screening of abstracts, 65 full-text articles were consulted. Thirty articles corresponded to our selection criteria and were included in the systematic review. This review identified 1662 pregnancies exposed to cabergoline. Most studies did not find an increased risk of congenital malformations or spontaneous abortions with cabergoline compared to other comparators or no treatment. Overall study quality was low, and there was high heterogeneity between studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review revealed no negative impact on major malformations and spontaneous abortions of cabergoline use in pregnancy compared to other comparators or no treatment. However, additional high-quality studies are needed to further study the safety of cabergoline use during pregnancy.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> PROSPERO, CRD42021256219 (October 19, 2021)</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Hormone Pregnancy Tests Were Teratogenic by the Same Failed Abortion and Hypoxia-Related Mechanism as Misoprostol","authors":"Bengt R. Danielsson,&nbsp;Helen E. Ritchie","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2462","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hormone pregnancy tests (HPTs), containing synthetic progesterone and oestrogen, were used to diagnose pregnancy in the 1950s to early 1980s. An existing pregnancy was purported to be unaffected while expulsion of the uterine lining (withdrawal bleed) was supposed to occur if the woman was not pregnant. However, studies in the 1960s–1980s associated HPTs with teratogenicity and some countries banned their use in the early 1970s. Following renewed scientific and political interest, studies were published from 2014–2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review evaluates whether HPTs fulfil scientific criteria to be teratogenic based on results in old and newer human, animal and mechanistic studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results and Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The evaluation shows that HPT teratogenicity is identical to the established human teratogen misoprostol, with limb reductions, neural tube defects and urinary-renal system defects as the most significant. The evaluation also presents evidence for abnormal uterine contractions and failed abortion (but the embryo survives) and hypoxia/ROS-related damage (including vascular disruption) in the embryo secondary to compression of uterine/embryonic vessels, as underlying the teratogenicity. Animal studies show human malformations associated with HPTs could be induced by a single period of embryonic hypoxia, and that HPTs have both abortive and teratogenic potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Altogether, HPTs fulfil criteria to be characterised as a human teratogen.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Environmental Justice in Mexico: How Polluting Industries and Healthcare Disparities Impact Congenital Heart Defects","authors":"Maria Jose Talayero,&nbsp;Carlos Santos-Burgoa,&nbsp;Jordan Kuiper,&nbsp;Robert Canales,&nbsp;Andrea Gropman","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2463","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most prevalent birth defects globally and the second leading cause of death in Mexican children under five. This study examines how industrial activity and social vulnerabilities independently and jointly influence CHD incidence across 2446 Mexican municipalities from 2008 to 2019.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using negative binomial regression models, we evaluated associations between polluting industries, healthcare access, and CHD incidence. We analyzed these factors independently, jointly, and through interaction terms to assess potential effect modification by healthcare access. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated across healthcare access strata.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Municipalities without healthcare facilities were more likely to host polluting industries, highlighting structural inequities. The presence of polluting industries was associated with increased CHD incidence, even after adjusting for healthcare access. For instance, municipalities with poor healthcare access and two or more polluting industries exhibited a 42% higher CHD incidence (IRR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.25–1.60) compared to a 26% increase in municipalities with better healthcare access (IRR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.02–1.57).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results show how environmental pollutant exposure and social vulnerabilities interact synergistically, disproportionately impacting socially vulnerable populations. Targeted policy interventions addressing both environmental pollution and healthcare inequities are crucial. Further research is also needed to clarify the mechanisms linking pollution to CHDs and to guide public health strategies aimed at reducing these disparities in Mexico.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subdivided Historical Data to Assess Replicability of the Rat Embryo-Fetal Developmental Toxicity Study","authors":"L. David Wise","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A key aspect of scientific reliability includes replicability, that is, obtaining consistent results when an experiment is repeated. In embryo-fetal developmental toxicity (EFDT) studies, replicability can be assessed using in vitro models, targeted in vivo studies, and/or the second species study. This work assesses the replicability of whole-animal studies using historic rat data.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data for two endpoints from five full studies were downloaded from the National Toxicology Program (NTP) website. Each full group was divided into two replicate sets (based on odd/even and top/bottom animal order) to evaluate within-study replicability. Analyses included summary statistics, scatter plots, a modified Levene's test for homogeneity of variances, and Cohen's <i>d</i> to assess effect sizes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Replicate means deviated from the original study by only 0.4%–3.7% and differed by ≤ 7% between replicates (with differences &lt; 5% in 87% of groups). Coefficients of variation (CV%) were generally consistent across subgroups, with few above 10%. Variance testing revealed significant differences in two of the five studies, and one study exhibited opposite fetal weight effects in the odd/even subgroup only. Evaluations of adjusted maternal weight gain were comparable across subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The observed 5%–7% differences between these idealized replicates may represent the lower bound for acceptable variability when merging replicate data sets. This work lays the groundwork for more robust evaluations of replicability in EFDT studies and may inform future regulatory guidance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143581818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing to Improve Classification of Atrial Septal Defects in Electronic Health Records","authors":"Yuting Guo,&nbsp;Haoming Shi,&nbsp;Wendy M. Book,&nbsp;Lindsey Carrie Ivey,&nbsp;Fred H. Rodriguez III,&nbsp;Reza Sameni,&nbsp;Cheryl Raskind-Hood,&nbsp;Chad Robichaux,&nbsp;Karrie F. Downing,&nbsp;Abeed Sarker","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2451","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes can accurately identify patients with certain congenital heart defects (CHDs). In ICD-defined CHD data sets, the code for secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common, but it has a low positive predictive value for CHD, potentially resulting in the drawing of erroneous conclusions from such data sets. Methods with reduced false positive rates for CHD among individuals captured with the ASD ICD code are needed for public health surveillance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose a two-level classification system, which includes a CHD and an ASD classification model, to categorize cases with an ASD ICD code into three groups: ASD, other CHD, or no CHD (including patent foramen ovale). In the proposed approach, a machine learning model that leverages structured data is combined with a text classification system. We compare performances for three text classification strategies: support vector machines (SVMs) using text-based features, a robustly optimized Transformer-based model (RoBERTa), and a scalable tree boosting system using non-text-based features (XGBoost).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using SVM for both CHD and ASD resulted in the best performance for the ASD and no CHD group, achieving <i>F</i>₁ scores of 0.53 (±0.05) and 0.78 (±0.02), respectively. XGBoost for CHD and SVM for ASD classification performed best for the other CHD group (<i>F</i>₁ score: 0.39 [±0.03]).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrates that it is feasible to use patients' clinical notes and machine learning to perform more fine-grained classification compared to ICD codes, particularly with higher PPV for CHD. The proposed approach can improve CHD surveillance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Thoracoscopic Model for Birth Defect Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula Using Fresh Sheep Tissues","authors":"Mustafa Azizoglu,&nbsp;Mehmet Hanifi Okur","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2458","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to develop an esophageal atresia (EA) model using fresh sheep esophagus, trachea, and lungs to simulate a realistic thoracoscopic surgical environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A thoracoscopic trainer box was used with fresh sheep tissues (esophagus, trachea, and lungs) to create an EA and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) model. The distal esophagus was anastomosed to the trachea, and a bicycle pump was integrated to simulate lung function. Additional components, such as a simulated azygos vein and parietal pleura, enhanced the model's realism for surgical training.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The developed EA-TEF model was created in six steps, including pleural dissection, azygos vein control, TEF division, and esophageal anastomosis. The procedure used a thoracoscopic trainer box, sheep tissues, and standard instruments. A bicycle pump simulated lung function, and careful techniques were employed for vein ligation and esophageal anastomosis. After the posterior wall was sutured, an 8 Fr feeding tube was inserted. The total cost of the model was $260, with reusable equipment and a $10 recurring cost for sheep tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study successfully developed a cost-effective and anatomically accurate thoracoscopic model for EA and TEF repair using fresh sheep tissue.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational Attainment and Employment Status of Adults Living With Congenital Heart Disease in the United States, CH STRONG 2016–2019","authors":"Karrie F. Downing,&nbsp;Anthony Goudie,&nbsp;Wendy N. Nembhard,&nbsp;Jennifer G. Andrews,&nbsp;R. Thomas Collins,&nbsp;Matthew E. Oster,&nbsp;Argelia Benavides,&nbsp;Mir M. Ali,&nbsp;Sherry L. Farr","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2452","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our objective was to characterize the education and employment history of young adults with congenital heart defects (CHD) living in the United States.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 2016–2019 Congenital Heart Survey To Recognize Outcomes, Needs, and well-beinG collected data from young adults (ages 19–38) with CHD identified from active birth defect in Arkansas, Arizona, and Atlanta, Georgia. Educational attainment, employment history, and special education between kindergarten and 12th grade were self-/proxy-reported. Respondent percentages were standardized to the eligible population by CHD severity, birth year, site, sex, and maternal race/ethnicity and compared by CHD severity using <i>p</i> values from <i>Z</i>-scores. Log-binomial prevalence ratios (aPRs) assessed associations between respondent characteristics and outcomes, adjusting for CHD severity, age group, sex, race/ethnicity, and site. Employment models also adjusted for education. Point estimates were compared to the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year general population estimates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 1438 respondents, 28.3% attained ≥ bachelor's degree and 22.1% were unemployed for ≥ 12 months. Estimates were comparable by CHD severity (aPRs ~1.0) and similar to general population estimates (in ACS, 21% attained ≥ bachelor's degree and 26% were unemployed). About 25.3% of adults with CHD received special education, more commonly adults with severe (32.9%) than nonsevere CHD (23.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among young adults with CHD, educational attainment and employment did not substantially differ by CHD severity or from general population rates. One in four used special education between kindergarten and 12th grade. Clinical guidelines recommend ongoing educational and vocational support to individuals with CHD as needed so this population continues to thrive.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccines in Pregnancy: An Update on Recommendations From CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices","authors":"Sonja A. Rasmussen,&nbsp;Jiyoung Kim,&nbsp;Denise J. Jamieson","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vaccinations in pregnancy are an essential part of prenatal care and play a critical role in protecting both pregnant persons and their infants from certain infectious diseases. In the United States, recommendations for vaccines are made through a comprehensive review of currently available scientific literature, including clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance data, by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). The ACIP is an advisory committee to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), comprised of medical and public health experts who develop evidence-based recommendations and guidelines for vaccinations, including for pregnant persons. The ACIP has several work groups that review scientific evidence on an ongoing basis, and full-committee public meetings are held at least three times a year. As more data regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccines in pregnancy become available, these recommendations continue to evolve. To develop these recommendations, the ACIP carefully considers the risks of exposure to infectious agents against the potential risks of vaccination. We review here current ACIP recommendations for vaccinations and their use in pregnant persons. Recommendations are divided into four categories: vaccines recommended during pregnancy, vaccines recommended during pregnancy under certain circumstances, vaccines not recommended or contraindicated during pregnancy, and vaccines without specific ACIP recommendations. To ensure optimal care during pregnancy, healthcare providers who care for pregnant persons need to be familiar with these recommendations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case–Control Study of Congenital Anomalies: Study Methods and Nonresponse Bias Assessment","authors":"Amanda Eng,&nbsp;Andrea 't Mannetje,&nbsp;Lis Ellison-Loschmann,&nbsp;Barry Borman,&nbsp;Soo Cheng,&nbsp;Deborah A. Lawlor,&nbsp;Jeroen Douwes,&nbsp;Neil Pearce","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2457","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To describe the methods of a congenital anomalies case–control study conducted in New Zealand, discuss the encountered methodological difficulties, and evaluate the potential for nonresponse bias.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The potential cases (<i>n</i> = 2710) were New Zealand live births in 2007–2009 randomly selected from the New Zealand Congenital Anomalies Registry. The potential controls (<i>n</i> = 2989) included live births identified from the Maternity and Newborn Information System, frequency matched to cases by the child's year of birth and sex. Mothers were invited to complete an interview covering demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Response probabilities for case and control mothers were evaluated in relation to maternal age, deprivation, occupation, and ethnicity, available from the Electoral Roll, and inverse probability weights (IPWs) for participation were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) for key demographic and selected risk factors were estimated through unconditional logistic regression, with and without IPW.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 652 (24%) of case mothers and 505 (17%) of control mothers completed the interview. Younger and more deprived mothers were underrepresented among the participants, particularly for controls, resulting in inflated ORs of associations with congenital anomalies for younger age, Māori ethnicity, deprivation, and risk factors under study, such as blue-collar occupations and smoking, indicative of nonresponse bias. Nonresponse bias was minimized through IPW, resulting in ORs and exposure prevalence estimates similar to those based on the prerecruitment sample.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Attaining high participation rates was difficult in this study that was conducted in new mothers, particularly for the controls. The resulting nonresponse bias was minimized through IPW.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2457","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal Opioid Use Disorder and the Risk of Congenital Anomalies in Offspring: A Population-Based Study","authors":"Kaylee Ramage,&nbsp;Jennifer Yee,&nbsp;Sebastian Srugo,&nbsp;Julian Little,&nbsp;Shiliang Liu","doi":"10.1002/bdr2.2456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.2456","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine whether prenatal opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis is associated with the risk of congenital anomalies (CAs) in offspring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a population-based study of mother–newborn dyads comprising.</p>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4143 761 births delivered in Canada from 2006 to 2021. We used robust Poisson regression to examine the association between prenatal OUD diagnosis and risk of non-chromosomal CAs, adjusted for maternal age, parity, multiple gestation, co-morbidities (including mental health disorders, chronic illnesses and other substance use disorders), and infant sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified a total of 21, 638 births to persons who were diagnosed with prenatal OUD and 65, 992 (159.3 per 10,000) newborns with CAs. The overall risk of CAs was 2.3 times higher in infants born to birthing persons with a diagnosis of OUD (95% CI 2.2, 2.5). Compared to those without OUD diagnoses, births to persons with a diagnosis of OUD had a higher risk of specific types of congenital microcephaly (aRR 5.2, 95% CI 4.1, 6.6), cleft palate (RR 4.8, 95% CI 3.7, 6.1), pulmonary valve atresia with intact ventricular septum (aRR 2.7, 95% CI 1.1, 6.7), and atrial septal defect (aRR 3.1, 95% CI 2.8, 3.5), among others. In particular, infants born to those with an OUD diagnosis had a 1.8 (95% CI 1.4, 2.3)-fold increased risk of having severe congenital heart disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings suggest an association between prenatal OUD diagnosis and certain CAs in the offspring. Future research is necessary to better understand the role of socio-demographic factors on these associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9121,"journal":{"name":"Birth Defects Research","volume":"117 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bdr2.2456","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}