Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Prognostic Value of Vimentin in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients Depends on Chemotherapy Regimen and p53 Mutant Expression.","authors":"Ibnu Purwanto,&nbsp;Benedreky Leo,&nbsp;Susanna Hilda Hutajulu,&nbsp;Johan Kurnianda,&nbsp;Kartika Widayati Taroeno-Hariadi,&nbsp;Mardiah Suci Hardianti,&nbsp;Amanda Dania Satiti,&nbsp;Ery Kus Dwianingsih,&nbsp;Didik Setyo Heriyanto,&nbsp;Irianiwati Widodo,&nbsp;Teguh Aryandono","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S418696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S418696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the prognostic value of vimentin in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, specifically in relation to chemotherapy regimen and p53 mutant expression.</p><p><strong>Patient and methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the association of pre-treatment tumor expression of vimentin with 48-month overall survival (OS) of 72 all stages TNBC patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2018 in relation to chemotherapy regimen and expression of p53 mutant. Vimentin and p53 mutant expressions were examined using immunohistochemistry. Analysis was conducted on all patients collectively, then repeated on two cohorts divided according to the chemotherapy regimen. Sub-analysis was performed to determine the effect of p53 mutant expression on the prognostic value of vimentin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vimentin was expressed in 43.1% of patients and was not associated with clinicopathologic characteristics. Vimentin was associated with improved 48-month OS in all patients in univariate analysis but not significant in multivariate analysis. When analyzed according to chemotherapy regimen, vimentin was independently associated with improved 48-month OS in patients receiving non-platinum-based chemotherapy (80% vs 15.8%; HR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.05-0.58, <i>p</i>: 0.005). Other independent prognostic factors include T (HR: 6.18, 95% CI: 1.38-27.7, <i>p</i>: 0.017) and M (HR: 5.64, 95% CI: 1.2-26.33, <i>p</i>: 0.028). On subanalysis, vimentin was significantly associated with improved 48-month OS in patients expressing p53 mutant (69.2% vs 22.2%, <i>p</i>: 0.006) but was not significant in patients not expressing p53 mutant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vimentin expression was independently associated with improved 48-month OS in TNBC patients treated with non-platinum-based chemotherapy. Expression of p53 mutant significantly affected the prognostic value of vimentin.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f9/8d/bctt-15-515.PMC10390761.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9932969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rab1A-Mediated Exosomal Sorting of miR-200c Enhances Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis.","authors":"Yuting Liu,&nbsp;Jie Tang,&nbsp;Xiaolan Qiu,&nbsp;Lucy A Teng,&nbsp;Mukesh K Sriwastva,&nbsp;Xuedong Han,&nbsp;Zhi Li,&nbsp;Minmin Liu,&nbsp;Shuangyue Liu,&nbsp;Dongzhu Da,&nbsp;Zhi Li,&nbsp;Linlin Zhen,&nbsp;Yi Ren","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S400974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S400974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent therapeutic approaches have improved survival rate for women with breast cancer, but the survival rate for metastatic breast cancer is still low. Exosomes released by various cells are involved in all steps of breast cancer development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We established the multimodal imaging report expression in breast cancer cells with lentivirus vectors pGluc and pBirA to investigate the secreted exosomes. Comparative microRNA (miRNA) analysis was performed with miRNA qPCR array in mice with breast cancer lung metastasis. The co-immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to identify the mechanism of miRNA sorting to exosomes. The potential therapeutic strategy using an anti-sorting antibody was used to investigate breast cancer lung metastasis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 26 high- and 32 low-expression level miRNAs in exosomes from metastasis compared to those from primary tumors and normal tissues. The tumor suppressors, including miR-200c and let-7a, were reduced in tumor tissues and metastasis but increased in the respective exosomes compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, the Ras-related protein (Rab1A) facilitated miR-200c sorting to exosomes circumventing the influence of tumor suppressor miR-200c on tumor cells, while the metastatic exosome cargo miR-200c inhibited F4/80⁺ macrophage immune response. Administration of anti-Rab1A antibody significantly repressed the trafficking of miR-200c to exosomes and breast cancer lung metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study has identified a novel molecular mechanism for breast cancer lung metastasis mediated by exosome cargo miRNAs and provided a new therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cf/b6/bctt-15-403.PMC10239268.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9570265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Evaluation of Secondary Cancer Risk After Breast Radiation Therapy with Hybrid Radiotherapy Techniques.","authors":"Quanbin Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Zeng,&nbsp;Yingying Peng,&nbsp;Hui Yu,&nbsp;Shuxu Zhang,&nbsp;Shuyu Wu","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S383369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S383369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As hybrid radiotherapy technique can effectively balance dose distribution between targets and organs, it is necessary to evaluate the late effects related to radiotherapy. The aim of the study was to calculate and provide individual estimates of the risks for hybrid radiotherapy techniques in breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-breast irradiation was performed in 43 breast cancer patients by using 3D conformal, intensity-modulated and hybrid techniques. The excess absolute risk (EAR), lifetime attributable risk (LAR) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) were calculated to estimate risks in organs. The risk variability in contralateral breast was assessed by using the patient's anatomic parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with IMRT and FinF, hybrid techniques achieved satisfactory dose distribution and comparable or lower estimated risks in organs. The LAR was estimated to be up to 0.549% for contralateral lung with advantages of tangential techniques over H-VMAT. For ipsilateral lung, the LAR was estimated to be up to 9.021%, but lower in H-VMAT and FinF without significant difference. The risk of thyroid was negligible in overall estimation. For contralateral breast, the LAR was estimated to be up to 0.865% with advantages of MH-IMRT and H-VMAT over TF-IMRT. The fraction of individual variability could be explained by using anatomic parameters of minimum breast distance (MBD) and minimum target concave angle (θ_MTCA). NTCP for all analyzed endpoints was significantly higher in TF-IMRT relative to FinF and hybrid techniques, while TH-IMRT and H-VMAT were presenting lower toxicity risk. However, MH-IMRT presented a higher probability of toxicity in lung. For most cases, H-VMAT demonstrated a benefit for contralateral breast, heart and lung sparing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimal treatment should be performed individually according to anatomic parameters and balances between EAR and NTCP. Individual assessment may assist in achieving optimal balances between targets and organs as well as supporting clinical decision-making processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/12/83/bctt-15-25.PMC9882622.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10591004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Role of HuR Varies Between Different Subtypes of Breast Cancer Patients: Data Mining and Retrospective Analysis.","authors":"Yuqian Liao,&nbsp;Yulu Liao,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Ying Fan","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S395984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S395984","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Human-antigen R (HuR) is an RNA-binding protein, which regulates the expression of several oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes through post-transcriptional mechanisms. But the role of HuR in breast cancer remains controversial. The aim of this study was to verify the association between cytoplasmic HuR level and prognosis of breast cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data mining from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter (KMP) databases was performed. Then, 394 patients with stage I-III primary breast cancer were enrolled between January 2005 and December 2016. We investigated the association between cytoplasmic HuR level and clinicopathological characteristics or survival of these patients. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine HuR expression level. SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the HPA and KMP datasets, HuR protein and mRNA expression level were not significantly associated with overall survival of all breast cancer patients enrolled. Results from our 394 patients indicated that higher expression level of cytoplasmic HuR was associated with larger tumor size, lymph node positive, ER negative and triple-negative subtype. For all patients enrolled, the results indicated that compared with HuR negative patients, the DFS (disease-free survival) of HuR 1+ was longer (60.5% vs 78.8, <i>P</i>=0.053, HR=0.616, 95% CI: 0.378-1.005), the <i>P</i> value was borderline. In the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subgroup, HuR positive patients had significantly longer DFS than HuR negative patients (65.5% vs 30.8%, <i>P</i>=0.001, HR=0.345, 95% CI: 0.180-0.658). In the HR+HER2- subgroup, HuR low (0~1+) patients had significantly longer OS than HuR high (2+~3+) patients (97.0% vs 89.5%, <i>P</i>=0.033, HR=2.482, 95% CI: 1.074-5.736).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, our results revealed that higher expression level of HuR was related to aggressive biological characteristics which supported the findings from previous researches. In the HR+HER2- subgroup, lower HuR expression level patients had better survival time, while in the TNBC subgroup we got the opposite results. Our work indicated that HuR might play different roles in different breast cancer subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0a/78/bctt-15-135.PMC9930679.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10767185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRO Hair Safe Study: The Patient's Perspective on the Effects of Scalp Cooling on Hair Preservation.","authors":"Christine Brunner,&nbsp;Daniel Egle,&nbsp;Magdalena Ritter,&nbsp;Ricarda Kofler,&nbsp;Johannes M Giesinger,&nbsp;Lisa Schneitter,&nbsp;Monika Sztankay,&nbsp;Miriam Emmelheinz,&nbsp;Samira Abdel Azim,&nbsp;Verena Wieser,&nbsp;Anne Oberguggenberger","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S412338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S412338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alopecia has been reported a distressing side-effect of chemotherapy for breast cancer patients (BCP) that is highly relevant for quality of life during treatment. For the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, scalp cooling (SC) has been reported to be an effective and safe intervention. However, data on the patient's perspective on effectiveness and applicability of SC in a clinical routine setting are scarce. In this comparative study, we aimed at a longitudinal assessment of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data on the effect of SC on alopecia and its effect on symptoms and functional health when applied in clinical routine in BCP receiving taxane or anthracycline-based chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Study participants were allocated either to the intervention group receiving SC or to the control group based on patient preference (non-randomized study). All patients completed PRO-measures on hair preservation (EORTC Item Library items on hair loss), symptom and functional health measures (EORTC QLQ-C30 and -BR23) and the Body Image Scale (BIS). Outcomes were assessed at chemotherapy start (baseline), mid-chemotherapy, last chemotherapy cycle, 3 months follow-up and 6-9 months follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, we included 113 patients: 75 patients underwent SC (mean age = 51.3 years, 52.7% premenopausal); 38 patients standard care (mean age = 55.6 years, 39.5% premenopausal). A total of 53 patients (70.7%) discontinued SC, with 39 patients (73.5%) stating alopecia as the primary reason. On average, BCP stayed on treatment with the cooling cap for 40.2% of the duration of their chemotherapy (SD 25.3%). In an intention-to-treat analysis, we found no difference between the SC group and the control group with regard to their patient-reported hair loss (<i>p</i>=0.831) across the observation period, overall QOL (<i>p</i>=0.627), emotional functioning (<i>p</i>=0.737), social functioning (<i>p</i>=0.635) and body image (<i>p</i>=0.463) did not differ between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a high rate of SC-decliners and no beneficial effects of SC for patient-reported hair loss, symptoms and functional health. The efficacy and tolerability of SC applied in a clinical routine setting hence appeared to be limited. The further determination and up-front definition of criteria prognostic for effectiveness of SC may be helpful to identify patient subgroups that may experience a treatment benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/85/82/bctt-15-485.PMC10361405.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9862000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Popularity of Traditional Chinese Medicine Use Among Breast Cancer Patients in North China: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Rong Zhao,&nbsp;Jianyong Zhang,&nbsp;Qingxiang Gou,&nbsp;Jinnan Gao","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S416998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S416998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in breast cancer treatment is controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the popularity of TCM among the breast cancer patients who have been treated with Western medicine (WM) in north China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. We consecutively recruited 691 breast cancer patients who were diagnosed in Shanxi Bethune Hospital between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020 and completed follow-up between June and August 2022. A self-designed questionnaire was used for data collection. Participants were asked about TCM use by phone. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed as appropriate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At median follow-up of 41 months (range, 17-61 months), 326 (47.2%) participants used TCM. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that residential area, education, annual income per capita, experienced TCM treatment before, stage of diagnosis, and trust in TCM were independent predictors of TCM use. The detail of TCM use and the reason for non-TCM use were presented comprehensively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of TCM was prevalent among breast cancer patients treated with WM in north China. If WM physician encourage the patients with higher intention to use TCM and provide them with appropriate advices, the quality of life of patients will be further improved through integrating TCM into standard adjuvant therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/92/84/bctt-15-577.PMC10424683.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10388304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosomal Instability as Enabling Feature and Central Hallmark of Breast Cancer.","authors":"Giovanny Castellanos,&nbsp;Duván Sebastián Valbuena,&nbsp;Erika Pérez,&nbsp;Victoria E Villegas,&nbsp;Milena Rondón-Lagos","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S383759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S383759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromosomal instability (CIN) has become a topic of great interest in recent years, not only for its implications in cancer diagnosis and prognosis but also for its role as an enabling feature and central hallmark of cancer. CIN describes cell-to-cell variation in the number or structure of chromosomes in a tumor population. Although extensive research in recent decades has identified some associations between CIN with response to therapy, specific associations with other hallmarks of cancer have not been fully evidenced. Such associations place CIN as an enabling feature of the other hallmarks of cancer and highlight the importance of deepening its knowledge to improve the outcome in cancer. In addition, studies conducted to date have shown paradoxical findings about the implications of CIN for therapeutic response, with some studies showing associations between high CIN and better therapeutic response, and others showing the opposite: associations between high CIN and therapeutic resistance. This evidences the complex relationships between CIN with the prognosis and response to treatment in cancer. Considering the above, this review focuses on recent studies on the role of CIN in cancer, the cellular mechanisms leading to CIN, its relationship with other hallmarks of cancer, and the emerging therapeutic approaches that are being developed to target such instability, with a primary focus on breast cancer. Further understanding of the complexity of CIN and its association with other hallmarks of cancer could provide a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in prognosis and response to treatment in cancer and potentially lead to new drug targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bf/85/bctt-15-189.PMC10010144.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9122037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy Associated Invasive Apocrine Carcinoma of the Breast: Case Report from Ethiopia.","authors":"Haimanot Kasahun Alemu,&nbsp;Nazik Hammad,&nbsp;Mesfin Asefa Tola,&nbsp;Verna Vanderpuye","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S405612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S405612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a case report on a case of invasive apocrine carcinoma of breast during pregnancy at a tertiary referral hospital in Ethiopia. The patient's case in this report signifies the challenging clinical situation that the patient, developing fetus and treating physicians have to go through and the need to improve maternal-fetal medicine and oncologic setup and treatment guidelines in Ethiopia. Our case also illustrates the huge disparity between the management of both breast cancer and its occurrence during pregnancy in low-income countries like Ethiopia and developed nations elsewhere. Our case report shows a rare histological finding. The patient has invasive apocrine carcinoma of the breast. To our knowledge, it is the first case to be reported in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/aa/bctt-15-429.PMC10295538.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Surgery in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Insights from a Narrative Review.","authors":"Maha Ahmed Alamodi Alghamdi,&nbsp;Syed Esam Mahmood","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S405864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S405864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metastatic breast cancer is difficult to cure and has a worse prognosis with higher rates of mortality. Recently, breast surgery is believed to improve the survival rates among these women, but due to limited evidence, definite conclusions cannot be made. Therefore, we undertook this narrative review to synthesize the evidence from existing studies to assess the effectiveness of locoregional surgery and surgery of metastatic sites in improving the outcomes among women diagnosed with metastatic cancer disease along with the summary of current treatment guidelines. We reviewed PubMed and Embase and included both observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were published in English between 2000 and 2021. Outcomes were either survival, quality of life, toxicity related to local treatment assessed by mortality at the end of one month, progression-free survival, and breast cancer-specific survival. The main effect size assessed was hazard ratio with their 95% CIs. After literature search, we found 8 observational studies and 3 RCTs. The findings of the observational studies revealed that breast cancer surgery improves survival from 30% to 50% among women. However, findings from RCTs were mixed for local and distant progression survival. Surgery improved the local progression-free survival but worsened the distant progression-free survival. Besides, there was no effect of breast surgery on quality of life. Regarding the surgery of metastatic site, studies are complex with mixed findings and variation in survival depending upon the type of metastatic site and response to initial systematic therapy and other factors. Based on the existing mixed evidence, it is not possible to make firm and definite conclusions about the effectiveness of breast surgery in improving the survival or quality of life among women with metastatic breast cancer. In future, more RCTs are required with a larger sample size to confirm the findings of observational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/a1/bctt-15-349.PMC10182804.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9540496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Target of EGFR and mTOR Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Regulating the Phosphorylation of mTOR Downstream Proteins.","authors":"Jing Ma,&nbsp;Chao Dong,&nbsp;Yan-Zhen Cao,&nbsp;Bin-Lin Ma","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S390017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S390017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To detect the activation of the EGFR and mTOR signaling pathways in the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468 and investigate the inhibitory effect of gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, and everolimus, a target protein inhibitor of rapamycin, on triple negative breast cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Triple negative human breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells were cultured and blank control group, single EGFR inhibitor gefitinib group, single mTOR inhibitor everolimus group, and two drug combination group were set up respectively to detect the effects of single and combined drugs on cell proliferation activity, cell cycle and apoptosis, and the expression of EGFR and mTOR signal pathway proteins in cell lines after single and combined drug intervention was detected again by Western blot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of EGFR and p-mTOR protein in triple negative breast cancer was higher than in non triple negative breast cancer (<i>P</i><0.05). The level of mTOR, S6K1, p-EGFR, p-S6K1 was significantly increased when treated with EGF (0ng/mL, 10ng/mL, 100ng/mL) for 1h, compared to without EGF stimulation (<i>P</i><0.05). The level of p-EGFR, p-mTOR, p-S6K1 protein increased significantly when the cells were exposed to EGF for 2h, respectively (<i>P</i><0.05). EGFR inhibitor gefitinib alone and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus alone could significantly inhibit the proliferation of human triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells in a dose-dependent manner (<i>P</i><0.05). The level of p-4EBP1 protein in EGFR and mTOR signal pathway was significantly increased after the intervention of gefitinib alone, everolimus alone, and the combination of two drugs (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EGFR and mTOR signaling pathways can be activated in triple negative breast cancer; Both the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib alone and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus alone can significantly inhibit the proliferation of human triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells. The combination of the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and the mTOR inhibitor everolimus may achieve anti-tumor effect similar to that of single drug by reducing the drug dose.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/02/a7/bctt-15-11.PMC9864233.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10611712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}