Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Positive margins (R1) risk factors in breast cancer conservative surgery","authors":"A. Lombardi, E. Pastore, S. Maggi, G. Stanzani, V. Vitale, C. Romano, L. Bersigotti, A. Vecchione, C. Amanti","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S210788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S210788","url":null,"abstract":"Background The primary goal in conservative breast cancer surgery is the complete excision of the tumor, but at the same time attempting to obtain a satisfactory postoperative esthetic result. The notion of “No Ink on Tumor” that indicates exclusively the presence of tumor cells on the inked surface of the surgical specimen is now the gold standard; however, the problem of the free margin is still a fundamental topic of debate that has not yet found a definitive solution. Methods Our retrospective analysis takes into account 1440 patients undergoing breast conservative surgery, from October 2004 to November 2018, all treated at the breast unit of our institution. Results Positive margins (R1) rate was 10.2% (147 cases out of 1440). Overall survival was 95% at 5 years and 89% at 10 years. No differences in mortality and local recurrence rate between R0 and R1 patients were found. Half of the R1 patients underwent secondary surgery with enlargement of margins, while in the other half we performed direct mastectomy. Among the analyzed variables, age, histological size, histological type, grading, multifocality, lympho-vascular invasion and lymph node status were significantly correlated with the R1 status. The multivariate analysis shows the association of age and surgical technique (oncoplastic) with R1 status. Conclusion Further studies will allow the creation of a statistical model, for better pre-operative prediction of patients with higher risk of R1 and better selection of patients to be candidates for conservative surgery.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"11 1","pages":"243 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S210788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49059242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The predictors of poor quality of life in a sample of Saudi women with breast cancer","authors":"Anwar E. Ahmed, Abdulrahman G. Alharbi, Mohannad A. Alsadhan, Alaa S. Almuzaini, Hanin S. Almuzaini, Yosra Z. Ali, A. Jazieh","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S125206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S125206","url":null,"abstract":"Background The protocols for treatment, along with many adverse effects, can strongly affect cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL). As there is limited research on the QoL of Saudi Arabian women being treated for breast cancer, the purpose of this study was to identify the predictors of poor QoL in a sample of Saudi women with breast cancer. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 145 Saudi women with breast cancer who attended the Oncology Outpatient Clinic at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh for routine follow-up. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected for each patient, and a Medical Outcome Study Health Survey 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) instrument was used to assess QoL. Results Of 145 breast cancer patients studied, 42.1% had a family history of cancer and 52.4% were newly diagnosed cancer patients (first-year-after-cancer diagnosis). According to linear regression analyses, cancer patients with metastasis tended to have pain, along with poor physical function, little vitality, and poor general health (a decrease in SF-36 scores of 22.9, 15.0, 19.4, and 16.9, respectively). Regular exercise was a positive predictor of poor general health (an increase in the SF-36 score of 8.2). Patients with first-year-after-cancer diagnoses tended to have poor emotional well-being (a decrease in the SF-36 score of 8.5). Conclusion In breast cancer patients, regular exercise was a significant positive predictor of better general health. Breast cancer patients with multiple tumors, metastasis, or fever tended to experience significantly poor QoL in several SF-36 domains. Clearly, a routine assessment of QoL in breast cancer patients is important.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":"51 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2017-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S125206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47185094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction in breast cancer susceptibility due to XbaI gene polymorphism of alpha estrogen receptor gene in Jordanians","authors":"M. Atoum, Foad Alzoughool","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S125652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S125652","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a global health concern among women worldwide. Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mediates diverse polymorphic effects in breast tissues that may relate to breast cancer susceptibility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of −397 PvuII (T/C) and −351 XbaI (A/G) restriction fragment length polymorphism within intron 1 of ERα, and its effect on breast cancer susceptibility. A total of 156 women who were histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancer and 142 healthy Jordanian women were enrolled in this case–control study. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood, and the desired fragment was amplified using polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction digestion with PvuII and XbaI restriction enzymes. The results showed no significant association between PvuII polymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, a significant association was found between XbaI polymorphism and reduction in breast cancer risk within the “x” allele of heterozygotes (odds ratio [OR] 0.199, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.044) and heterozygotes (OR 0.208, 95% CI 0.09–0.047). The combined analysis of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms revealed a synergistic effect of Pp/Xx and pp/xx genotypes and a significant reduction in breast cancer risk with these genotypes. The results also showed no statistical differences among PvuII or XbaI polymorphisms based on stage, ER, progesterone receptor and expression of hormone receptor such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. This case–control study showed that XbaI polymorphism of alpha estrogen gene modified and reduced breast cancer susceptibility among Jordanians.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"13 2","pages":"45 - 49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S125652","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41267849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Docetaxel-associated myalgia–arthralgia syndrome in patients with breast cancer","authors":"Chelsea Seguin, Natalie Kovacevich, I. Voutsadakis","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S124646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S124646","url":null,"abstract":"Background As taxanes are increasingly used in oncology, the myalgia–arthralgia syndrome (M-AS) that represents an adverse effect of these drugs is becoming more common. Nevertheless, information regarding predisposing factors, prevention, and therapy of the syndrome is still lacking. Patients and methods Women who had received docetaxel as part of the FEC-D(T) regimen for the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer were retrospectively identified from the records of our oncology department. Data on demographics, disease specifics, adverse effects, and treatment were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: those who developed M-AS after docetaxel treatment and those who did not develop the syndrome. The two groups were compared to identify risk factors for M-AS. Effectiveness of drugs used for M-AS was evaluated. Results Sixty-seven patients were identified as fulfilling the inclusion criteria. Nineteen patients developed the M-AS after the first docetaxel administration. Forty-eight patients did not develop the syndrome. Three patients in this group were excluded because they had been taking gabapentin or pregabalin at the time of docetaxel administration for another indication. The remaining 45 patients constituted the control group. The two groups were similar in age, menopause status, stage of their cancer, and histology. The M-AS group had a higher median body surface area and was more likely to receive less than the three intended cycles of docetaxel. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, atypical antiepileptics, extended corticosteroids, and opioids were drugs used as M-AS treatments. Conclusion Docetaxel-associated M-AS is an adverse effect causing incomplete drug treatment. Possible risk factors and effectiveness of treatments for the syndrome are presented.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":"39 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S124646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41326596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between telomere length and CYP19 TTTA repetition polymorphism in healthy and breast cancer-diagnosed women","authors":"B. Murillo-Ortiz, S. Martínez-Garza, David Suárez García, Rosa del Carmen Castillo Valenzuela, Juan Francisco García Regalado, Gerardo Cano Velázquez","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S125431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S125431","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Several studies have reported an increase in breast cancer (BC) risk when patients are carriers of the CYP19 TTA polymorphism with ≥10 repeats; moreover, it has been reported that telomere length is associated with a higher susceptibility of developing cancer. Objective The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between CYP19 TTTA repetition polymorphism and telomere length and its effects on serum estradiol, estrone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Materials and methods A total of 180 postmenopausal healthy and 70 BC-diagnosed women were included. Telomere length was determined through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and aromatase polymorphism was analyzed through DNA; both samples were obtained from circulating leukocytes. Serum estrone, estradiol and FSH were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Patients with a BC diagnosis showed >10 repetitions more frequently, compared with that of healthy women (50% vs 23%, χ2 = 11.44, p = 0.0007). A significant difference in telomere length between healthy and BC women was observed (5,042.7 vs 2,256.7 pb, Z = 4.88, p < 0.001). CYP19 TTTA repeat polymorphism was associated with serum levels of estradiol and estrone in both groups, being higher in those with >10 repeats. Moreover, telomere length showed an inverse relationship with the number of repeats of the aromatase polymorphism in healthy women (R2 = 0.04, r = −0.24); in contrast, BC patients did not display this relationship. In addition, telomere length presented an inverse relationship with serum levels of estradiol and estrone in BC patients (p = 0.02). Conclusion Telomere length is shorter in BC patients than in healthy patients. The CYP19 TTTA repeat polymorphism is associated with serum levels of estradiol and estrone in both healthy women and BC patients, being higher in those with polymorphism carriers >10 repeats. Telomere length has an inverse correlation with the number of repeats of the aromatase polymorphism in healthy women but not in BC women. Estradiol and estrone levels in BC women have an inverse relationship with telomere length.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"9 1","pages":"21 - 27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2017-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S125431","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49124007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric and colon metastasis from breast cancer: case report, review of the literature, and possible underlying mechanisms","authors":"J. Carlos Villa Guzmán, J. Espinosa, R. Cervera, M. Delgado, R. Patón, Jm Cordero, García, J. Carlos, Villa Guzmán","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S79506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S79506","url":null,"abstract":"Gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer are not common. We present a 58-year-old female diagnosed with lobular breast cancer some years before whose relapses were gastric and colonic mucosal. Simultaneous metastases are extremely rare. To our knowledge, no cases of initial dual affectation have been reported. The patient also showed gastritis by Helicobacter pylori. Invasive lobular breast carcinoma is the most frequent special type of breast cancer and carries some specific molecular alterations such as loss of expression of E-cadherin. Although underlying mechanisms of metastasization are not entirely known, chemokines as well as inflammatory events seem to be implicated in this process. Interaction between chemokines and their receptors frequently induces cell migration. We hypothesize that H. pylori, inflammatory cells, and chemokines may create a favorable environment attracting tumor cells.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"31 2 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S79506","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression and functionality of TRPV1 in breast cancer cells","authors":"L. Weber, Klaudia Al-Refae, Gerhard Wölk, G. Bonatz, J. Altmüller, C. Becker, G. Gisselmann, H. Hatt","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S121610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S121610","url":null,"abstract":"Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels contribute to the regulation of intracellular calcium, which can promote cancer hallmarks in cases of dysregulation of gene transcription and calcium-dependent pro-proliferative or anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Several studies have begun to elucidate the roles of TRPV1, TRPV6, TRPM8, and TRPC1 in cancer progression; however, no study has examined the expression profiles of human TRP channels in breast cancer on a large scale. This study focused on the expression and functionality of TRPV1, a nonselective cation channel that was found to be expressed in different carcinoma tissues. Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed the expression of TRPV1 in several native breast cancer tissues, which was subsequently validated via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of TRPV1 by its ligand capsaicin was associated with the growth inhibition of some cancer cell types; however, the signaling components involved are complex. In this study, stimulation by the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin, of SUM149PT cells, a model system for the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, triple-negative breast cancer, led to intracellular calcium signals that were diminished by the specific TRPV1 antagonist, capsazepin. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin caused significant inhibition of cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis and necrosis. In conclusion, the current study revealed the expression profiles of human TRP channels in 60 different breast cancer tissues and cell lines and furthermore validated the antitumor activity of TRPV1 against SUM149PT breast cancer cells, indicating that activation of TRPV1 could be used as a therapeutic target, even in the most aggressive breast cancer types.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"243 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S121610","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effects of prior trastuzumab on combination eribulin mesylate plus trastuzumab as first-line treatment for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive locally recurrent or metastatic breast cancer: results from a Phase II, single-arm, multicenter study","authors":"S. Puhalla, S. Wilks, A. Brufsky, Joyce O’Shaughnessy, L. Schwartzberg, E. Berrak, James Song, L. Vahdat","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S98696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S98696","url":null,"abstract":"Eribulin mesylate, a novel nontaxane microtubule dynamics inhibitor in the halichondrin class of antineoplastic drugs, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer who previously received ≥2 chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting. Primary data from a Phase II trial for the first-line combination of eribulin plus trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive patients showed a 71% objective response rate and tolerability consistent with the known profile of these agents. Here, we present prespecified analyses of efficacy of this combination based on prior trastuzumab use. Patients received eribulin mesylate 1.4 mg/m2 (equivalent to 1.23 mg/m2 eribulin [expressed as free base]) intravenously on days 1 and 8 plus trastuzumab (8 mg/kg intravenously/cycle 1, then 6 mg/kg) on day 1 of each 21-day cycle. Objective response rates, progression-free survival, and tolerability were assessed in patients who had and had not received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant (neo/adjuvant) trastuzumab treatment. Fifty-two patients (median age: 59.5 years) received eribulin/trastuzumab for a median treatment duration of ~31 weeks; 40.4% (n=21) had been previously treated with neo/adjuvant trastuzumab prior to treatment with eribulin plus trastuzumab for metastatic disease (median time between neo/adjuvant and study treatment: 23 months). In trastuzumab-naïve patients (n=31) compared with those who had received prior trastuzumab, objective response rate was 77.4% versus 61.9%, respectively; duration of response was 11.8 versus 9.5 months, respectively; clinical benefit rate was 87.1% versus 81.0%, respectively; and median progression-free survival was 12.2 versus 11.5 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events (occuring in ≥5% of patients) in patients who received prior trastuzumab versus trastuzumab naïve patients, respectively, were neutropenia (47.6% vs 32.3%), peripheral neuropathy (14.3% vs 25.8%), febrile neutropenia (14.3% vs 3.2%), fatigue (9.5% vs 6.5%), nausea (9.5% vs 0%), vomiting (9.5% vs 3.2%), and leukopenia (9.5% vs 3.2%). In patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive metastatic breast cancer, first-line eribulin/trastuzumab treatment demonstrated substantial antitumor activity and was well tolerated, regardless of prior neo/adjuvant trastuzumab treatment.","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"231 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2016-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S98696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are another 5 years of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy needed?","authors":"Qin-Guo Mo, De-Quan Li, Jian-Hong Zhong, Chang-Yuan Wei","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S122820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/BCTT.S122820","url":null,"abstract":"you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms In the recent issue of Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy, some questions about adju-vant systemic therapy 1 and bone loss and skeletal-related events in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer 2 were discussed by two reviews. We are concerned about the content of adjuvant endocrine therapy for postmeno-pausal women who have hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer. Guidelines recommended a minimum of 5 years of adjuvant therapy with an aromatase inhibitor or tamoxifen followed by an aromatase inhibitor (in either order) for such patients. 3–5 However, the safety and efficacy of extending treatment with an aromatase inhibitor for another 5 years are unknown. Recently, Goss et al 6 reported results from the MA.17R trial in favor of extending the use of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy for another 5 years in such patients. Women receiving such therapy showed significantly higher disease-free survival and lower incidence of contralateral breast cancer than women on placebo for the same period. On the basis of these findings, Goss et al 6 recommended extending letrozole therapy for another 5 years. As stated by these two reviews 1,2 and another review, 7 such a recommendation should be counterbalanced against the possibility that, for many patients, prolonging letrozole therapy may provide no benefit or may, in fact, cause more harm than good. In the study by Goss et al, 6 the overall survival at 5 years was similar between patients receiving letrozole or placebo for another 5 years (P=0.83) and the two groups were similar on most of the quality-of-life measures applied. The two groups also had no significant differences in any of the prespecified subgroups. More importantly, bone-related toxic events, including bone pain, fracture, and new-onset osteoporosis, were significantly more common in the letrozole group than in the placebo group. Only ~3% of patients in each arm of the study died from breast cancer-related recurrence, suggesting that the cohort may have passed the peak of tumor recurrence risk, perhaps in part because they had already undergone 4.5–6.0 years of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy. In addition, the best we know for now is that young patients may die from tumor recurrence, while old patients …","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"207 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2016-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/BCTT.S122820","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68303639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current advances in biomarkers for targeted therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.","authors":"Brett Fleisher, Charlotte Clarke, Sihem Ait-Oudhia","doi":"10.2147/BCTT.S114659","DOIUrl":"10.2147/BCTT.S114659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by the absence of three hallmark receptors: human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor. Compared to other breast cancer subtypes, TNBC is more aggressive, has a higher prevalence in African-Americans, and more frequently affects younger patients. Currently, TNBC lacks clinically accepted targets for tailored therapy, warranting the need for candidate biomarkers. BiomarkerBase, an online platform used to find biomarkers reported in clinical trials, was utilized to screen all potential biomarkers for TNBC and select only the ones registered in completed TNBC trials through clinicaltrials.gov. The selected candidate biomarkers were classified as surrogate, prognostic, predictive, or pharmacodynamic (PD) and organized by location in the blood, on the cell surface, in the cytoplasm, or in the nucleus. Blood biomarkers include vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and interleukin-8 (IL-8); cell surface biomarkers include EGFR, insulin-like growth factor binding protein, c-Kit, c-Met, and PD-L1; cytoplasm biomarkers include PIK3CA, pAKT/S6/p4E-BP1, PTEN, ALDH1, and the PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR-related metabolites; and nucleus biomarkers include <i>BRCA1</i>, the gluco-corticoid receptor, <i>TP53</i>, and Ki67. Candidate biomarkers were further organized into a \"cellular protein network\" that demonstrates potential connectivity. This review provides an inventory and reference point for promising biomarkers for breakthrough targeted therapies in TNBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9106,"journal":{"name":"Breast Cancer : Targets and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"183-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2016-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5063595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68302952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}