Brain Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Brain Stimulation Techniques in Research and Clinical Practice: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Therapeutic Potential in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Ata Jahangir Moshayedi, Tahmineh Mokhtari, Mehran Emadi Andani","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010020","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) that significantly impact patients' quality of life. This review aims to synthesize the current literature on the application of brain stimulation techniques, including non-invasive methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), as well as invasive approaches like deep brain stimulation (DBS). We explore the efficacy and safety profiles of these techniques in alleviating both motor impairments, such as bradykinesia and rigidity, and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, depression, and impulse control disorders. Current findings indicate that while non-invasive techniques present a favorable safety profile and are effective for milder symptoms, invasive methods like DBS provide significant relief for severe cases that are unresponsive to other treatments. Future research is needed to optimize stimulation parameters, establish robust clinical protocols, and expand the application of these technologies across various stages of PD. This review underscores the potential of brain stimulation as a vital therapeutic tool in managing PD, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety During Employment-Seeking for Autistic Adults.","authors":"Tamara Hildebrandt, Kate Simpson, Dawn Adams","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010019","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Autistic adults are more likely to be unemployed compared to neurotypical adults and those with disability. To address these poorer employment outcomes, it is important to consider factors that may be impacting on autistic adults' employment outcomes. Anxiety is a common co-occurring condition for autistic adults; however, there is little research on how anxiety affects or influences autistic people's experience across the employment-seeking process. The aim of this study was to explore whether anxiety is perceived to affect autistic adults' ability to engage in employment-seeking tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 autistic adults (22-52 years) who were actively seeking employment or had sought employment in the last 18 months. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three themes were generated from the data analysis. Theme 1, Finding the \"sweet spot\", identified some level of anxiety-but not too much-was helpful in performing the employment-seeking tasks and this \"spot\" could vary depending on the person and the task. Theme 2, Anxiety affects the ability to perform and function, encapsulates the autistic person's experience when anxiety is too high. The third theme, The \"vicious cycle\" of anxiety and employment-seeking behaviours, explores participants' ongoing experience of anxiety on their employment-seeking behaviours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that autistic job candidates would benefit from tailored accommodations and adjustments offered throughout the recruitment process, to reduce anxiety and improve employment-seeking outcomes for autistic candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ginkgo biloba</i> Extract Prescriptions Are Associated with Slower Progression of Dementia Severity-Analysis of Longitudinal Real-World Data.","authors":"Jens Bohlken, André Hajek, Martin Burkart, Karel Kostev","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010012","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Previous research indicates that <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract (Gbe) may contribute to slowing down the progression of dementia. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the association between Gbe prescriptions and the progression of dementia severity in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted using data from patients with an initial diagnosis of mild or moderate dementia between January 2005 and December 2022 from the IQVIA™ Disease Analyzer database. The follow-up period was up to 10 years. The association between Gbe prescription and dementia severity progression was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression, with adjustments made for age, sex, health insurance status, physician specialty, co-prescription of antidementia drugs, and co-diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4765 patients were included, of whom 177 were prescribed Gbe. The cumulative incidence of dementia severity progression was 12.7% for patients with Gbe prescription and 22.1% for those without. Gbe prescription was associated with a significantly decreased risk of dementia severity progression (hazard ratio: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27-0.95), both in patients with mild (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.90) and moderate dementia (HR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provides evidence that Gbe prescription is associated with a reduced risk of dementia severity progression in a real-world setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764330/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Periodontitis, Gingivitis, Tooth Loss and Stroke: An Umbrella Study with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Jad El Masri, Ahmad Al Malak, Diala El Masri, Maya Ghazi, Silva Al Boussi, Yasmina El Masri, Mohammad Hassoun, Maryam Tlayss, Pascale Salameh, Hassan Hosseini","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cerebrovascular diseases (CVAs) have several risk factors that are categorized as modifiable and nonmodifiable. Periodontal diseases (PD) have a modifiable role in causing CVA, where several studies suggested direct or indirect correlations with systemic diseases. This study aims to summarize, evaluate and analyze all the evidence available in literature, to reach a better understanding of the relation between periodontitis, gingivitis, tooth loss and CVA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched for all meta-analyses assessing the effect of PD on CVA in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for umbrella reviews in March 2024. Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used for quality assessment. Pooled analysis was performed to assess the effect of periodontitis, gingivitis and tooth loss on CVA, depending on the availability of data using Review Manager Version 5.2.11.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven of the identified meta-analyses were of high quality, and they were distributed in different countries. Periodontitis was generally associated with a significant increase in CVA risk (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.70, 3.17, <i>p</i> < 0.00001 and RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15-1.29, <i>p</i> < 0.00001), same as tooth loss, but to a lower degree (0.78). However, the effect of gingivitis was insignificant in terms of CVA (RR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.12-1.56, <i>p</i> = 0.0008).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study confirms the effect of periodontitis and tooth loss on CVA, disregarding any significant role for gingivitis. The relation reached favors the suggested role of some inflammatory changes in the pathogenic pathway leading to atherosclerotic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Connection Between Stress and Women's Smoking During the Perinatal Period: A Systematic Review.","authors":"M Carmen Míguez, Yara Queiro, Cristina M Posse, Alba Val","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010013","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In women, smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period has important consequences for maternal and infant health, and interventions to assist smoking cessation during this period are essential. Although smoking has been associated with the presence of mental health problems, few studies addressing the factors associated with perinatal smoking have examined the role of stress. The aim of this review was to identify the relationships between the presence of stress and smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A literature search of the PsycInfo, Pubmed and Web of Science databases was carried out to identify relevant articles published between January 2013 and June 2024. A total of 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected for review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve of the studies analysed the relationship between stress and smoking during pregnancy, two studies involved the postpartum period, and one study included both periods. Diverse instruments were used to assess stress, although the PSS-14 was the most commonly used. Eleven of the studies found a relationship between stress and smoking in the perinatal period, with stress being a predictor of smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the need to consider stress management when developing effective interventions to help women quit smoking during pregnancy and maintain abstinence in the postpartum period.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Immersive Experience in Anxiety Reduction: Evidence from Virtual Reality Sessions.","authors":"Dominika Wilczyńska, Tamara Walczak-Kozłowska, David Alarcón, María José Arenilla, Jose Carlos Jaenes, Marcelina Hejła, Mariusz Lipowski, Joanna Nestorowicz, Henryk Olszewski","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010014","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology with the potential to transform digital experiences, particularly in relation to mental health concerns such as anxiety. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of a newly designed VR experience to alleviate anxiety by focusing on the mediating role of VR-induced immersion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 419 individuals aged 10 to 80 years, with 29 aged 10-15 years and 390 above 15 years, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups on the basis of project-defined criteria, including a random allocation to the wheelchair-using group. Both groups used goggles for virtual space navigation, with the experimental group employing a multijoint arm mounted on an aluminum frame and special algorithms to navigate without controllers. We assessed immersion in VR using the Polish adaptation of the Immersion Questionnaire and anxiety using the Polish adaptations of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1) and its early adolescent version, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Children (STAI-C1).</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The results indicate that individuals using the new VR device demonstrated increased immersion and reduced post-test anxiety levels, highlighting the significance of immersion in enhancing positive affect, mitigating the negative effects of VR technology, and offering insights for future development and refinement of VR solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Multidomain Cognitive Training in a Tele-Neurorehabilitation Setting for Treatment of Post-Stroke Cognitive Disorders.","authors":"Marianna Contrada, Loris Pignolo, Martina Vatrano, Caterina Pucci, Isabel Mantia, Federica Scarfone, Maria Quintieri, Antonio Cerasa, Gennarina Arabia","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010011","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cognitive dysfunctions are still very common in the chronic phase of stroke when patients are discharged from neurorehabilitation centers. Even individuals who appear to have made a full clinical recovery may exhibit new deficiencies at home. Here, we present evidence of a novel kind of therapy at home aimed at contrasting the heterogenic evolution of stroke patients using a multidomain cognitive approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighteen ischemic stroke patients were assessed in a within-subject longitudinal design (age 62.33 ± 11.1 years; eight men). Patients underwent the Tele-NeuroRehabilitation (TNR) multidomain cognitive training treatment using the Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System (VRRS) five times a week for 1 h sessions for four consecutive weeks. The protocol included the stimulation of specific cognitive functions, such as logical skills, praxis skills, attention, executive functions, memory, space time orientation and perception, and speech therapy. To determine neuropsychological changes, patients were evaluated before the sessions (T0), at the end of the sessions (T1), and after six months (T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The multidomain cognitive training induced a significant improvement in the working memory and language abilities as well as depression symptoms and alleviated caregiver burden. Most of this cognitive enhancement persisted after six months (T2), with the exception of depression symptoms. Otherwise, a significant decline in attention abilities was reported, thus demonstrating a lack of effect in this function.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that multidomain cognitive TNR is a suitable protocol for reducing some cognitive and behavioral alterations in patients with strokes, with a beneficial impact also on the caregivers' burden distress management. Further RCTs are warranted to validate this new kind of approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764214/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E46K α-Synuclein Mutation Fails to Promote Neurite Outgrowth by Not Inducing Cdc42EP2 Expression, Unlike Wild-Type or A53T α-Synuclein in SK-N-SH Cells.","authors":"Hyunja Jung, Seonghan Kim","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>α-Synuclein (α-syn) protein is a major pathological agent of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and its levels and aggregations determine neurotoxicity in PD pathogenesis. Although the pathophysiological functions of α-syn have been extensively studied, its biological functions remain elusive, and there are reports of wild-type (WT) α-syn and two missense mutations of α-syn (A30P and A53T) inducing protective neuritogenesis through neurite outgrowth. However, the function of another α-syn mutation, E46K, has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we compared the effect of E46K α-syn with other types to identify the mechanisms underlying neurite outgrowth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We transfected SK-N-SH cells with WT and mutant (A53T and E46K) α-syn to investigate the effects of their overexpression on neurite outgrowth. Then, we compared the differential effects of α-syn on neurite outgrowth using microscopic analysis, including confocal microscopy. We also analyzed the differential regulation of cell division control 42 effector protein 2 (Cdc42EP2) using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. Finally, to confirm the implication of neurite outgrowth, we knocked down Cdc42EP2 using small interfering RNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Unlike WT and A53T α-syn, E46K α-syn failed to promote neurite outgrowth by not inducing Cdc42EP2 and subsequent βIII-tubulin expression. Cdc42EP2 knockdown impaired neurite outgrowth in WT and A53T α-syn transfectants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that WT and mutant α-syn are linked to Cdc42EP2 production in neuritogenesis, implying α-syn involvement in the physiological function of axon growth and synapse formation. Thus, α-syn may be a potential therapeutic target for PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brain Activation of Two Motor Imagery Strategies in a Mental Rotation Task.","authors":"Cancan Wang, Yuxuan Yang, Kewei Sun, Yifei Wang, Xiuchao Wang, Xufeng Liu","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Motor imagery includes visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery, which are two strategies that exist for mental rotation and are currently widely studied. However, different mental rotation tests can lead to different strategic performances. There are also many research results where two different strategies appear simultaneously under the same task. Previous studies on the comparative brain mechanisms of kinesthetic imagery and visual imagery have not adopted consistent stimulus images or mature mental rotation paradigms, making it difficult to effectively compare these types of imagery. <b>Methods:</b> In this study, we utilized functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the brain activation of sixty-seven young right-handed participants with different strategy preferences during hand lateral judgment tasks (HLJT). <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the accuracy of the kinesthetic imagery group was significantly higher than that of the visual imagery group, and the reaction time of the kinesthetic imagery group was significantly shorter than that of the visual imagery group. The areas significantly activated in the kinesthetic imagery group were wider than those in the visual imagery group, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9, 46), premotor cortex (BA6), supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor cortex (BA4), and parietal cortex (BA7, 40). It is worth noting that the activation levels in the frontal eye fields (BA8), primary somatosensory cortex (BA1, 2, 3), primary motor cortex (BA4), and parietal cortex (BA40) of the kinesthetic imagery group were significantly higher than those in the visual imagery group. <b>Conclusion:</b> Therefore, we speculate that kinesthetic imagery has more advantages than visual imagery in the mental rotation of egocentric transformations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11763479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143031552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Restriction of Physical and Social Activities Effects on Brain Structure and Connectivity.","authors":"Yajuan Zhang, Lianghu Guo, Zhuoyang Gu, Qing Yang, Siyan Han, Han Zhang","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prolonged confinement in enclosed environments has raised concerns about its effects on both physical and mental health. Although increased rates of depression or anxiety during COVID-19 lockdowns have been reported, the effects of short-term restrictions on social activities and physical on brain function and structure remain poorly known.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored longitudinal changes in brain gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) immediately after and four months following a short-term lockdown in comparison to pre-lockdown conditions. MRI data were collected from 20 participants before the lockdown, from 29 participants (14 original, 15 new) two months post-lockdown, and from 27 out of the 29 participants four months post-lifting of the lockdown.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed significant GMV reductions in the right gyrus rectus and cuneus post-lockdown, with further reductions observed four months after lifting the restrictions, affecting additional brain regions. Longitudinal FC trajectories revealed decreased connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and sensorimotor/attention networks post-lockdown, and recovery after four months post-lifting of the lockdown.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The observed plasticity in brain FC indicates substantial recovery potential with the potential long-term effect of structural changes. Our findings offer insights into the effects of isolation on the human brain, potentially informing rehabilitation mechanisms and interventions for individuals in similar conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11764288/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143032226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}