Brain Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Survival Prediction in Brain Metastasis Patients Treated with Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach.","authors":"Tuğçe Öznacar, İpek Pınar Aral, Hatice Yağmur Zengin, Yılmaz Tezcan","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Accurate survival prediction for brain metastasis patients undergoing stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) is crucial for personalized treatment planning and improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to develop a machine learning model to estimate survival times, providing clinicians with a reliable tool for making informed decisions based on individual patient characteristics. The goal was to compare the performance of multiple algorithms and identify the most effective model for clinical use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We applied a hybrid machine learning approach to predict survival in brain metastasis patients treated with SRT, utilizing real-world data. Four algorithms-XGBoost, CatBoost, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting-were compared within a meta-model framework to identify the most accurate for survival prediction. Model performance was evaluated using metrics such as MSE, MAE, MAPE, and C index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>XGBoost outperformed all other algorithms, achieving an MSE of 0.14%, MAE of 0.10%, and MAPE of 0.093%, with a high C-index of 100%. CatBoost showed reasonable performance, while Gradient Boosting had higher error rates (MSE of 6.99%, MAE of 21.04%, MAPE of 19.29%). Random Forest performed the weakest, with the highest MSE (14.39%), MAE (30.23%), and MAPE (33.58%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Inputting relevant clinical variables into the model enables clinicians to obtain highly accurate survival predictions for patients with brain metastasis. This enhances clinical decision making by providing a more precise understanding of expected outcomes. The XGBoost-based hybrid model showed exceptional accuracy in predicting survival for brain metastasis patients after SRT, offering valuable support for clinical decision making. Integrating machine learning into clinical practice can improve treatment planning and personalize care for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Modulatory Effects of tDCS and Acupuncture on Cerebral Blood Flow in Chronic Low Back Pain Using Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Imaging.","authors":"Valeria Sacca, Nasim Maleki, Sveta Reddy, Sierra Hodges, Jian Kong","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and acupuncture are promising methods for managing chronic low back pain (cLBP), however, their underlying mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To explore the neural mechanisms of tDCS and acupuncture on cLBP, we examined how real and sham tDCS applied to the bilateral motor cortex (M1), combined with real or sham acupuncture, influenced cerebral blood flow (CBF) using pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) imaging. tDCS was administered over six sessions, combined with real or sham acupuncture, over one month.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following real tDCS, we observed increased CBF in the bilateral occipital cortex, precuneus, left hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus/posterior cingulate cortex. After sham tDCS, CBF decreased in regions including the bilateral superior parietal lobule, precuneus, bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri, and left angular gyrus. Real acupuncture led to reduced CBF in the bilateral occipital cortex and hippocampus, and left posterior cingulate gyrus, and increased CBF in the right postcentral gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and frontal areas. Sham acupuncture was associated with decreased CBF in the bilateral hippocampus and anterior cingulate gyrus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest both shared and distinct patterns of CBF changes between real and sham tDCS, as well as between real and sham acupuncture, reflecting mode-dependent effects on brain networks involved in pain processing and modulation. Our findings highlight the different neural circuits implicated in the therapeutic mechanisms of tDCS and acupuncture in the management of cLBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Oesch, N. Social Brain Perspectives on the Social and Evolutionary Neuroscience of Human Language. <i>Brain Sci.</i> 2024, <i>14</i>, 166.","authors":"Nathan Oesch","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030259","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the published publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Anxiety State Influences Speech Parameters: A Network Analysis Study from a Real Stressed Scenario.","authors":"Qingyi Wang, Feifei Xu, Xianyang Wang, Shengjun Wu, Lei Ren, Xufeng Liu","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030262","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Voice analysis has shown promise in anxiety assessment, yet traditional approaches examining isolated acoustic features yield inconsistent results. This study aimed to explore the relationship between anxiety states and vocal parameters from a network perspective in ecologically valid settings. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 316 undergraduate students (191 males, 125 females; mean age 20.3 ± 0.85 years) who completed a standardized picture description task while their speech was recorded. Participants were categorized into low-anxiety (n = 119) and high-anxiety (n = 197) groups based on self-reported anxiety ratings. Five acoustic parameters-jitter, fundamental frequency (F0), formant frequencies (F1/F2), intensity, and speech rate-were analyzed using network analysis. <b>Results</b>: Network analysis revealed a robust negative relationship between jitter and state anxiety, with jitter as the sole speech parameter consistently linked to state anxiety in the total group. Additionally, higher anxiety levels were associated with a coupling between intensity and F1/F2, whereas the low-anxiety network displayed a sparser organization without intensity and F1/F2 connection. <b>Conclusions</b>: Anxiety could be recognized by speech parameter networks in ecological settings. The distinct pattern with the negative jitter-anxiety relationship in the total network and the connection between intensity and F1/2 in high-anxiety states suggest potential speech markers for anxiety assessment. These findings suggest that state anxiety may directly influence jitter and fundamentally restructure the relationships among speech features, highlighting the importance of examining jitter and speech parameter interactions rather than isolated values in speech detection of anxiety.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxic Lesions of the Corpus Callosum (CLOCCs) in a Patient with Epstein-Barr Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Ilona Kopyta, Jadwiga Siemek-Mitela, Maria Damps, Magdalena Machnikowska-Sokołowska, Katarzyna Gruszczyńska","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCCs) are a rare disorder of various etiologies referred to as transient lesions of the splenium of the corpus callosum, with a usually mild clinical course. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the factors potentially responsible for triggering this abnormality. <b>Results</b>: The authors present the case of a 15-year-old girl, so far without any health burden, who suffered from severe CLOCCs with the etiology of EBV. The patient was admitted to hospital because of hepatosplenomegaly and hypertransaminasemia. Her condition rapidly deteriorated-she had seizures with respiratory failure, requiring treatment in the PICU. The first MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan showed changes in the hippocampus, and, in the early control, changes like those of CLOCCs; in follow-up studies (one and three months after the onset of respiratory failure), a gradual incomplete regression of the changes in the corpus callosum was seen. Her clinical condition improved quickly, with no seizures during the follow-up and no signs of focal CNS deficits. Cases of CLOCCs are reported as a secondary syndrome connected with many disease entities (e.g., toxic, infectious, and metabolic). The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe cases demanding intensive treatment. The diagnosis is determined via an MRI examination. <b>Conclusions</b>: The general prognosis for CLOCCs is good, though the normalization of a brain MRI can take several months. As the only method of showing CLOCCs, MRI is the imaging gold standard. Still, clinical abnormalities often precede radiological changes, as was the case with the reported patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Brain Activation Areas in Response to Active Tactile Stimulation by Gripping a Stress Ball.","authors":"Kei Sasaki, Noriko Sakurai, Nobukiyo Yoshida, Misuzu Oishi, Satoshi Kasai, Naoki Kodama","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030264","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030264","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Research on pleasant tactile perception has primarily focused on C-tactile fibers found in hairy skin, with the forearm and face as common study sites. Recent findings of these fibers in hairless skin, such as the palms, have sparked interest in tactile stimulation on the hands. While studies have examined comfort and brain activity in passive touch, active touch remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate differences in pleasant sensation and brain activity during active touch with stress balls of varying hardness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty healthy women participated. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), brain activity was measured as participants alternated between gripping stress balls of soft, medium, and hard hardness and resting without a ball. Participants rated hardness and comfort on a 9-point scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Soft stress balls were perceived as soft and comfortable, activating the thalamus and left insular cortex while reducing activity in the right insular cortex. Medium stress balls elicited similar perceptions and thalamic activation but with reduced right insular cortex activity. Hard stress balls caused discomfort, activating the insular cortex, thalamus, and amygdala while reducing anterior cingulate cortex activity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Soft stress balls may reduce aversive stimuli through perceived comfort, while hard stress balls may induce discomfort and are unlikely to alleviate stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Altered Dynamics in Cocaine Use Disorder Through State Transitions Mediated by Artificial Perturbations.","authors":"Yi Zheng, Yaqian Yang, Yi Zhen, Xin Wang, Longzhao Liu, Hongwei Zheng, Shaoting Tang","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030263","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) poses a worldwide health challenge, with severe consequences for brain function. However, the phase dynamics underlying CUD and the transitions between CUD and health remain poorly understood. <b>Methods</b>: Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 43 CUD patients and 45 healthy controls (HCT). We performed empirical analysis to identify phase-coherence states and compared their probabilities of occurrence between conditions. To further explore the underlying mechanism, we employed computational modeling to replicate the observed state probabilities for each condition. These generated whole-brain models enabled us to simulate external perturbations and identify optimal brain regions mediating transitions between HCT and CUD. <b>Results</b>: We found that CUD was associated with a reduced occurrence probability of the state dominated by the default mode network (DMN). Perturbing the nucleus accumbens, thalamus, and specific regions within the default mode, limbic and frontoparietal networks drives transitions from HCT to CUD, while perturbing the hippocampus and specific regions within the visual, dorsal attention, and DMN facilitates a return from CUD to HCT. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study revealed altered DMN-related dynamics in CUD from the phase perspective and provides potential regions critical for state transitions. The results contribute to understanding the pathogenesis of CUD and the development of therapeutic stimulation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals Targeting BDNF Signaling for Treating Neurological Disorders.","authors":"Alka Ashok Singh, Shweta Katiyar, Minseok Song","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030252","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological disorders are defined by a deterioration or disruption of the nervous system's structure and function. These diseases, which include multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and schizophrenia, are caused by intricate pathological processes that include excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, genetic mutations, and compromised neurotrophic signaling. Although current pharmaceutical treatments relieve symptoms, their long-term efficacy is limited due to adverse side effects and weak neuroprotective properties. However, when combined with other neuroprotective drugs or adjunct therapy, they may offer additional benefits and improve treatment outcomes. Phytochemicals have emerged as attractive therapeutic agents due to their ability to regulate essential neurotrophic pathways, especially the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling cascade. BDNF is an important target for neurodegenerative disease (ND) treatment since it regulates neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. This review emphasizes the molecular pathways through which various phytochemicals-such as flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds-stimulate BDNF expression and modulate its downstream signaling pathways, including GSK-3β, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, CREB, and Wnt/β-catenin. This paper also highlights how phytochemical combinations may interact to enhance BDNF activity, offering new therapeutic options for ND treatment. Despite their potential for neuroprotection, phytochemicals face challenges related to pharmacokinetics, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and absorption, highlighting the need for further research into combination therapies and improved formulations. Clinical assessment and mechanistic understanding of BDNF-targeted phytotherapy should be the main goals of future studies. The therapeutic efficacy of natural compounds in regulating neurotrophic signaling is highlighted in this review, providing a viable approach to the prevention and treatment of NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Changes in Corticospinal Excitability During Visuomotor Paired Associative Stimulation to Predict Motor Resonance Rewriting.","authors":"Giacomo Guidali, Nadia Bolognini","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives.</b> Mirror properties of the action observation network (AON) can be modulated through Hebbian-like associative plasticity using paired associative stimulation (PAS). We recently introduced a visuomotor protocol (mirror-PAS, m-PAS) that pairs transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the primary motor cortex (M1) with visual stimuli of ipsilateral (to TMS) movements, leading to atypical corticospinal excitability (CSE) facilitation (i.e., motor resonance) during PAS-conditioned action observation. While m-PAS aftereffects are robust, little is known about markers of associative plasticity during its administration and their predictive value for subsequent motor resonance rewriting. The present study aims to fill this gap by investigating CSE modulations during m-PAS and their relationship with the protocol's aftereffects. <b>Methods.</b> We analyzed CSE dynamics in 81 healthy participants undergoing the m-PAS before and after passively observing left- or right-hand index finger movements. Here, typical and PAS-conditioned motor resonance was assessed with TMS over the right M1. We examined CSE changes during the m-PAS and used linear regression models to explore their relationship with motor resonance modulations. <b>Results.</b> m-PAS transiently reshaped both typical and PAS-induced motor resonance. Importantly, we found a gradual increase in CSE during m-PAS, which predicted the loss of typical motor resonance but not the emergence of atypical responses after the protocol's administration. <b>Conclusions.</b> Our results suggest that the motor resonance reshaping induced by the m-PAS is not entirely predictable by CSE online modulations. Likely, this rewriting is the product of a large-scale reorganization of the AON rather than a phenomenon restricted to the PAS-stimulated motor cortex. This study underlines that monitoring CSE during non-invasive brain stimulation protocols could provide valuable insight into some but not all plastic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Lumbar Puncture Still Have Clinical Value for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis?","authors":"Federica Ginanneschi, Stefania Casali, Chiara Cioni, Delia Righi, Emanuele Emmanuello, Cecilia Toccaceli, Domenico Plantone, Nicola De Stefano","doi":"10.3390/brainsci15030258","DOIUrl":"10.3390/brainsci15030258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The relationship between routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing and clinical and prognostic data in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear. Additionally, biochemical data have never been correlated with markers of neurodegeneration. The purpose of this study is to determine whether lumbar puncture may still have clinical utility in ALS. <b>Methods:</b> We collected the CSF profiles of 140 ALS subjects. CSF protein, albumin, IgG, IgG index, albumin quotient (QAlb), t-tau, p-tau, and Aβ42 were analyzed. <b>Results:</b> Approximately one-quarter of ALS patients had elevated levels of protein, albumin, and QAlb in the CSF, but these were not associated with clinical or survival data. Among the neurodegeneration markers, the percentage of patients with abnormal values ranged from 26.3% to 35.4%. The p-tau/t-tau ratio and Aβ42 were correlated with both the ALS progression rate and the time from diagnosis to death. Aβ42 was the prognostic marker most strongly associated with survival. <b>Conclusions:</b> The lack of correlation between biochemical CSF findings and the clinical and/or prognostic status of ALS suggests that these markers have no clinical value. However, neurodegeneration markers that are easily measurable in clinical laboratories, particularly Aβ42, may be useful at the time of diagnosis for predicting ALS survival and progression rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":9095,"journal":{"name":"Brain Sciences","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143728423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}