Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)最新文献

{"title":"Mitigation Ponds Offer Drought Resiliency for Western Spadefoot (Spea hammondii) Populations","authors":"K. Baumberger, A. Backlin, Elizabeth A. Gallegos, Cynthia J. Hitchcock, R. Fisher","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Synergistic effects of habitat loss, drought, and climate change exacerbate amphibian declines. In southern California urbanization continues to convert natural habitat, while prolonged drought reduces surface water availability. Protection of biodiversity may be provided through mitigation; however, the long-term effectiveness of different strategies is often unreported. As a mitigation measure for building a new development within occupied Spea hammondii (western spadefoot) habitat in Orange County, California, artificial breeding pools were constructed at two off-site locations. Spea hammondii tadpoles were translocated from the pools at the development site to two off-site locations in 2005–2006. We conducted surveys a decade later (2016) to determine if S. hammondii were persisting and breeding successfully at either the original development site or the human-made pools at the two mitigation sites. We also verified hydroperiods of any existing pools at all three locations to see if any held water long enough for successful S. hammondii recruitment through metamorphosis. During our study, no pooling water was detected at two of three main sites surveyed, and no S. hammondii were observed at these locations. Twelve of the 14 pools created at only one of the two mitigation sites held water for over 30 d, and we detected successful breeding at seven of these pools. Recruitment in some mitigation ponds indicated that S. hammondii habitat can be created and maintained over 10+ yr, even during the fifth year of a catastrophic drought. Therefore, this may also serve as a conservation strategy to mitigate climate change and habitat loss.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"55 1","pages":"17 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83476115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protecting the Wildland-Urban Interface in California: Greenbelts vs Thinning for Wildfire Threats to Homes","authors":"J. Keeley, Gregory P. Rubin, T. Brennan, B. Piffard","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study utilized native chaparral and sage scrub shrubs planted in lightly irrigated greenbelts around homes to evaluate the impact on live fuel moisture content (LFMC) and predicted fire behavior. As to be expected LFMC varied markedly throughout the year being over 100% in winter in all species and treatments that included adjacent thinned native shrublands and untreated control shrublands. However, in the summer and fall there were marked differences between treatments. For most species lightly irrigated plants had the highest LFMC in the summer and fall, followed by thinned treatments and controls. These differences in moisture content coupled with structural differences in the vegetation contributed to expected differences in flame length and rate of spread. Lightly irrigated native shrubs planted around homes can reduce fire hazard while possessing other desirable features of utilizing native vegetation.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"13 1","pages":"35 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75423092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and Recruitment of Rehabilitated Caspian Terns in Southern California","authors":"Julie Skoglund, R. Duerr, C. T. Collins","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Every year thousands of birds are brought into care centers for rehabilitation in hopes that they can be treated and returned to the wild (McRuer et al. 2017). Many are victims of oil spills and other anthropogenic activities (Duerr et al. 2016; Henkel and Ziccardi 2018). In southern California, International Bird Rescue, Los Angeles (hereafter “IBR”) rehabilitates and releases 300 to 500 aquatic birds annually. Caspian Terns (Hydroprogne caspia) are among the many species of birds treated at IBR. Caspian Terns currently breed at three colony sites in southern California (Cuthbert and Wires 1999; Suryan et al. 2004; Collins 2006). Two of these sites—Pier 400 in the Port of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County (“Pier 400”), and Bolsa Chica State Ecological Reserve in northern Orange County (“Bolsa Chica”)—are approximately 18 km apart. The third is 180 km south on salt evaporation pond levees in the South San Diego Bay Unit of the San Diego Bay National Wildlife Refuge (“Salt-Works”) (Collins 2006). Since 2001, when IBR opened its Los Angeles facility, 69 Caspian Terns have been rehabilitated. Forty-four (63%) of these terns came from two separate incidents on barges anchored in Long Beach Harbor; nine others (13%) had injuries related to fish hooks and entanglement in fishing line. These barges presented an island-like habitat for nesting in an area that historically had islands available. Caspian Terns are known to have a prolonged post-fledging period during which young terns accompany their parents on foraging trips and migration (Cuthbert and Wires 1999), and thus it was not certain whether chicks rescued from these events and raised in captivity would survive and subsequently recruit into the breeding population. The first barge incident took place in 2006 when an estimated 360 pairs of Elegant Terns (Sterna elegans) and 586 pairs of Caspian Terns nested on two barges anchored in the outer Long Beach Harbor (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2007 unpublished data). The barges’ owners directed their employees to wash the nests and small chicks overboard prior to moving the barges out of the area. This was an illegal activity, since these species are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (the owners were successfully prosecuted and damages were assessed). Most of the chicks died; 413 dead chicks were recovered (California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2007 unpublished data). Twentysix chicks were rescued and taken to IBR for rehabilitation and release. One Caspian Tern chick was euthanized after 44 d in care because of an elbow infection; one Elegant Tern chick was euthanized on arrival because of a wing fracture. On average the chicks were in care at IBR for 46 d (range was 43–52 d). Nine Elegant Tern and 15 Caspian Tern chicks survived and were deemed strong enough to be safely released to the wild (Table 1). Since","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"51 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88145606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Fishes Attracted to Piers? Movements and Association of Marine Fishes to a Public Fishing Pier within a Commercial Harbor","authors":"A. Barilotti, C. White, C. Lowe","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ocean fishing piers are ubiquitous along the world's coastline, yet little research has examined how these structures can attract and retain fishes. Fishers routinely use these human-made structures as a reliable way to catch fish for subsistence or recreation. California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) and white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) are commonly caught from fishing piers in southern California; however, some individuals have been found to contain high concentrations of hazardous contaminants. Thus, human health hazard warnings are posted throughout the Los Angeles area to limit fish consumption. To document attraction, residency, and association to fishing piers, 42 California halibut and 198 white croaker were tagged with acoustic transmitters in regions of the Los Angeles and Long Beach Harbors, including a local fishing pier, and the movements of these fish were tracked throughout a 1.5 year period. Average (±SD) fish residency near piers was 90.5 ± 104.8 days for California halibut and 31.9 ± 25.7 days for white croaker. Only 18% of white croaker and 6% California halibut were detected migrating to the pier from other locations of the LA-LB Harbors, and most spent < 10 min within 300 m of the public fish pier. Only 14% of California halibut and 0.35% of white croaker geo-positions were within casting range (approximately 30 m) of the pier, thus California halibut show the greatest potential affinity for pier habitat. Due to their movement patterns and habitat associations California halibut are much more likely to be attracted to fishing piers than white croaker.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"48 1","pages":"18 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73529289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Elucidation of the Life Cycle of Rhinebothrium urobatidium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from the Round Stingray (Urobatis halleri: Myliobatiformes) to First and Second Intermediate Hosts","authors":"R. Appy, S. Goffredi, B. Pernet, C. Latino","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The life cycle of the cestode Rhinebothrium urobatidium, whose final host is the round stingray, Urobatis halleri, includes a copepod as the first intermediate host and small benthic fishes as second intermediate hosts. Hexacanth embryos within nonoperculate, untanned eggs collected from round stingray developed in the tidepool copepod Tigriopus californicus into caudate procercoids with an apical organ/sucker and cercomer, and rarely, bothridia. The procercoids, which developed in the body cavity within a membrane, adhered to the copepod intestine, were infective to arrow gobies, Clevelandia ios, within 15 d of exposure at 21°C. When infected copepods were fed to arrow gobies, procercoids developed into nonlacunate plerocercoids each bearing individually retractable bothridia and an apical sucker. Within 10 d of exposure to the second intermediate host, the larvae had migrated up the bile/cystic duct into the gall bladder, where they developed bothridia similar to those of adult worms. Between 30 to 51 d post-infection in the goby, plerocercoids approached the size of larvae found in natural infections, and the scolex became morphologically similar to that of adult worms from round stingrays. Only presumptive filiform microtriches (filitriches) were present on procercoids while both filitrichs and spiniform microtriches (spinitrichs) were present on plerocercoids. Identification of plerocercoids from experimental infections as those of R. urobatidium was confirmed through morphology of the scolex and using cytochrome c oxidase I sequences. The experimental transmission of R. urobatidium to first and second intermediate hosts provides improved understanding of the transmission and ontogeny of shark tapeworms. The biological characteristics of U. halleri, with its diverse parasite fauna, provide significant opportunities to examine the biology of an array of elasmobranch tapeworm taxa.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"03 1","pages":"139 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86096369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary Production of Kelp Bass Paralabrax clathratus in Relation to Coastal Eelgrass Zostera marina Habitat in a Southern California Marine Protected Area","authors":"Richelle L. Tanner, A. Obaza, D. Ginsburg","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.3.158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.3.158","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Seagrasses are an important refuge for fishes and provide ecosystem services worldwide. Along the Pacific Coast, however, quantitative assessments of the ecological role of seagrass habitats with limited anthropogenic impacts are lacking despite their value to resource management. To address these issues, the ecological function of the eelgrass Zostera marina Linnaeus in a protected area off Santa Catalina Island, California, USA was quantified using estimates of secondary production in the kelp bass Paralabrax clathratus (Girard, 1854). Monthly assessments of Zostera structural complexity, as well as the size and abundance of juvenile kelp bass were used to establish a baseline of fish biomass and recruitment associated with Zostera habitat. The greatest number of kelp bass was recorded in the summer and fall months and the fewest during the winter and spring. Secondary production in kelp bass (0.1 to 0.59 g m–2 mo–1) followed monthly changes in Zostera habitat structure throughout the 24-month study period. Seasonal changes in the structural complexity of coastal Zostera beds may influence the flow of energy to adjacent reef environments through the transfer of fish biomass. These findings help define the potential role of Zostera habitat within the larger context of nearshore coastal ecosystems in the Southern California Bight.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"97 1","pages":"158 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85542408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and Volumetric Characteristics of Lagoons in the Santa Monica Bay and the Passage Implications for Southern Steelhead Trout","authors":"D. Alvarez, Rosi Dagit","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.3.173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Record drought from 2012 to 2016 followed by rainfall in the winter of 2017 provided an opportunity to examine how changing climate conditions may affect migration opportunities for the endangered southern steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This study examined how intermittently open estuary-ocean interfaces in the Santa Monica Bay that have historically supported steelhead evolved temporally and volumetrically. All seven lagoons in the study area breached by January 2017 after five years of drought and nearly exclusively closed conditions. Duration of breach was affected by the size of the lagoon, with smaller lagoons remaining breached longer than larger lagoons. Conversely, volume capacity persisted longer in larger lagoons. Lagoon condition was quantified by presence/absence of breach and passibility, coupled with daily rainfall. This study provides important lagoon planning, restoration and management information needed to support recovery of southern steelhead trout populations in the face of climate change.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"129 1","pages":"173 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77404269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of a Male Urogenital Papilla in the California Grunion, Leuresthes tenuis, a Beach-spawning Marine Silverside Fish","authors":"Helena Aryafar, A. Carrillo, R. Berquist, L. Frank, K. Forsgren, K. Dickson","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.102","url":null,"abstract":"The California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis (Ayres, 1860), like its sister species, the Gulf grunion, L. sardina (Jenkins & Evermann, 1889), engages in unusual reproductive behavior in which males and females aggregate on sandy beaches to spawn (Thompson 1919; Walker 1949, 1952; Thomson and Muench 1976; Martin 2015). Spawning by California grunion occurs at night during semilunar spring high tides in March-August, from Magdalena Bay, Baja California, Mexico, to Tomales Bay, California (Walker 1952; Moffatt and Thomson 1975; Roberts et al. 2007; Martin et al. 2013). Females deposit eggs ∼5-10 cm deep in the sand while males release sperm as they surround females at the sand surface. The externally fertilized eggs develop within the sand until competent to hatch. Hatching is triggered when the embryos are washed out of the sand during a subsequent spring high tide series, and the swimming larvae are washed into the ocean (Thompson 1919; Griem and Martin 2000; Martin et al. 2011). While extracting gametes for other studies, we noticed a structure associated with gamete release in California grunion males, but not females. In this study, we used dissections, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), paraffin histology and light microscopy to characterize that structure as a muscular urogenital papilla, a sexually dimorphic character that can be used to distinguish the sexes noninvasively. We also propose a function for the urogenital papilla in external fertilization in this beach-spawning species. Adult California grunion were collected during spawning runs on Cabrillo Beach, San Pedro, CA (GPS coordinates: 33o42′33′′N, 118o16′59′′W), and Doheny State Beach, Dana Point, CA (33o27′43′′N, 117o41′14′′W), under California Department of Fish and Wildlife Scientific Collecting Permits (SC-3211, SC-4783, SC-10567, and SC-10585). Whole fish were placed on ice or dry ice, or euthanized in tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222; 0.2 g L−1 of seawater) and fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered formalin, and then transported to California State University Fullerton (CSUF). Iced or frozen and thawed whole males (N = 6) were dissected to examine the urogenital papilla and its relationship with other organs, and several females were also dissected to examine the ovary and oviduct. One fixed male and one female were prepared for MRI, and segments of other fixed individuals (15 males and 8 females) were processd for histology. All work was approved by the CSUF Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under protocols 08-R-07, 11-R-07, 14-R07, and 17-R-06.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"56 1","pages":"102 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87244869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Authenticated Record of the Goldspotted Sand Bass, Paralabrax auroguttatus from California Waters","authors":"M. Love, M. McCrea, D. Johnston, A. Butterfield","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.109","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the first authenticated record of the goldspotted sand bass, Paralabrax auroguttatus Walford, 1936, in California marine waters (Fig. 1). The fish, a mature female, was 50.0 cm TL (48 cm FL, 42.2 cm SL), and was taken on 30 July 2018, on a rocky reef (34°20.730′N, 119°36.671′W) at a depth of 46 m, off Santa Barbara, California. Fishes captured on the same reef included Sebastes auriculatus (brown rockfish), Sebastes caurinus (copper rockfish), Sebastes miniatus (vermilion rockfish), and Ophiodon elongatus (lingcod). We determined the identity of the specimen using the characters highlighted by Robertson and Allen (2015) as differentiating this species from other serranids: “numerous golden-orange to brownish spots, back with 2–3 thin pale stripes; lining of gill cavity orange” and a “third [dorsal] spine greatly elevated, over three times longer than second.” In addition, meristic counts of our specimen are within those listed in Love and Passarelli (in press; Table 1). A second tropical Paralabrax, Paralabrax loro Walford, 1936, also lives off Mexico. However, we excluded this species because P. loro has a series of dark bars on the flanks and an oval white blotch under the posterior dorsal spines and these are lacking in P. auroguttatus. In addition, P. loro lacks the pale, thin dorsal stripes of P. auroguttatus (Robertson and Allen 2015). This specimen is deposited at the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History (LACM 59462-1). Paralabrax auroguttatus was first described from Guaymas, Mexico (Walford 1936). It grows to at least 71 cm FL (Fitch and Schultz 1978) and inhabits reefs at depths of at least 2–183 m (5–600 ft) (min.: SIO 65-296; max.: M. L., unpubl. data). Before this capture, P. auroguttatus was known from just north of Punta Rosalia (28°40′N, 114°16′W) (M. L., unpubl. data) and Isla Cedros, central Baja California (Ramírez-Valdez et al. 2015) to the Gulf of California (Eschmeyer and Herald 1983) and to central Mexico (Robertson and Allen 2015). We note that there is one previous likely documented record of this species from California marine waters. In the 1976 addendum to Miller and Lea (1972), John Fitch described the capture of a 45.7 cm [listed as 18 in] TL fish taken on a commercial passenger fishing vessel in 1975 [date in Fitch and Schultz 1978], perhaps near Redondo Beach, southern California, in about 61 m [listed as 200 ft in the addendum]. While neither the specimen nor a photograph of the specimen were available to Mr. Fitch, he considered that the description given him by the vessel operator to “fit no other species.”","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"79 1","pages":"109 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83786526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior of Young-of-the-Year Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas, off the Sandy Beaches of Southern California","authors":"Stephanie A. Benseman, Michael C. Couffer, L. Allen","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.79","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. \u0000 We made extensive observations in the shallows off sandy beaches along the southern California coastline from 2013-2018 using SCUBA. The common diurnal behavior of young-of-the-year (YOY) of giant sea bass, Stereolepis gigas, were documented, in detail, and categorized while they occupied their unique nursery areas. We identified and described the frequently observed behaviors referred to as 1) “kelping”, 2) “resting”, 3) “traveling”, and 4) “burying”. Finally, through direct observation, mysid shrimp were confirmed as the primary diet of young-of-the-year of the giant sea bass off southern California. This is the first study to provide a behavioral overview of the YOY of this internationally listed, endangered species, and it bridges important gaps in our understanding of their early life history.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"24 1","pages":"79 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82973147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}