Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)最新文献

{"title":"Finding a Resting Place: How Environmental Conditions Influence the Habitat Selection of Resting Batoids","authors":"Emily N. Meese, C. Lowe","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Many batoid species will form aggregations while resting on the seafloor; however, the environmental variables that drive resting habitat selection behavior, and how it varies among species are not well understood. Bat rays (Myliobatis californica), shovelnose guitarfish (Pseudobatos productus), and round stingrays (Urobatis halleri) have been observed forming heterospecific aggregations. We investigated the effects of substrata type and seafloor water temperature as two likely variables that would influence resting habitat selection for these species. Spatial distribution patterns of individuals were determined via diver-based surveys over two survey seasons (Fall 2013 and Summer 2014) and related to detailed georeferenced habitat maps. While these batoids were found resting on both soft sediment types available, fine-sand was selected by all three species, whereas bat rays were the only one of the three species to select for vegetated-sand. The varying thermal sensitivities of the batoids likely influenced their responses to daily and seasonal temperatures within the study area. During Fall 2013, the three species were most abundant across a narrow temperature range (18.00 – 18.25°C); during Summer 2014, there were higher densities of bat rays in areas where daily maximum seafloor temperature reached 20°C. Each species demonstrated habitat selection decisions that were indicative of balancing tradeoffs between environmental variables. As K-selected, meso-level predators, aggregating in predictable ways can ultimately make batoids more susceptible to fishing and anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, knowledge of how batoids select their resting habitat and how environmental conditions shape distributions may provide managers with opportunities to implement better protection for resting species.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"33 1","pages":"101 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82424145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of Endangered La Graciosa Thistle Cirsium scariosum var. loncholepis (Asteraceae) in Coastal Southern California","authors":"C. Kofron, J. Langford, M. Skinner, C. Rutherford, Catherine R. Darst","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.2.111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. La Graciosa thistle Cirsium scariosum var. loncholepis (Asteraceae) is a biennial or short-lived perennial plant (usually 10 to 100 cm tall) that is endemic to southwestern San Luis Obispo County and western Santa Barbara County in coastal southern California, and little has been published regarding it. The taxon was listed as threatened under the California Endangered Species Act in 1990 and endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2000. At Federal listing in 2000, La Graciosa thistle was known from 17 occurrences, 8 of which were likely extirpated. As of 2019, it is known from 21 occurrences of which five are extant, 15 are likely extirpated and 1 has unknown status. La Graciosa thistle exists as groups of individuals in wetland habitats in an arid and semi-arid landscape, and the five extant occurrences are associated with the Callender Dunes and Guadalupe Dunes in San Luis Obispo County. The plants flower once and then die, with a probable life span of 2 to 6 yr. Seed dispersal is by wind and also likely by water, and the taxon appears to have only a minimally persistent soil seed bank. The primary threat to La Graciosa thistle in 2019 is reduced water/lack of water, with groundwater decline as the likely major cause, along with hydrological alteration, drought and climate change. The groundwater decline appears to result primarily from extraction for urban, agricultural and industrial uses, and it is exacerbated by drought and climate change. In 2019, La Graciosa thistle meets the IUCN criteria for endangered.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"226 1","pages":"111 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77145526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The San Quintín Kangaroo Rat is Not Extinct","authors":"S. Tremor, S. Vanderplank, E. Mellink","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"The range of the San Quintín kangaroo rat (Dipodomys gravipes) is restricted, so far as known historically, to a stretch of coastal habitat less than 150 km in length and a few kilometers in width (Best and Lackey 1985) at the southern end of the California Floristic Province—a global biodiversity hotspot and one of the most critically endangered ecosystems on earth (Myers et al. 2000). This rodent was described in 1925 by Laurence M. Huey, who reported it from the coastal plains from San Telmo south to El Socorro and on the floodplain of the Arroyo El Rosario along the Pacific coast of northern Baja California, Mexico. The area between El Socorro and El Rosario is largely unsuitable. Huey asserted that the “mother lode of this species is found near Mesa Agua Chiquita, with 1,000 individuals in 10 acres” (field notes archived at the San Diego Natural History Museum). He described the habitat in this area as hard [clay] soils covered with grasses. Little is known about the broader habitat requirements for D. gravipes, but it appears similar in its niche requirements to Stephen’s Kangaroo rat D. stephensi which occupies areas with high disturbance, open conditions and weedy forbs (Tremor et al. 2017). Burrow entrances were closed but connected by visible runways up to 75 m long (Fig. 1). Previously, Nelson (1922) had written that in this area “the vegetation is so low and insignificant that the plain has the appearance of an open prairie”. Both descriptions could refer to areas recovering from wheat cultivation years earlier, and the grasses could be non-native annual species (e.g., Bromus spp.). Agriculture in the San Quintín area began in 1891 when British farmers converted parts of the landscape to wheat cultivation, built a dam for irrigation, and installed a flour mill (Taylor 1996). The settlement was abandoned in 1917 (Phelts-Ramos 2004). Subsequently, only four ranches persisted in the San Quintin Valley, until 1947, when Title 3050 (which granted agricultural lands to families from other regions of Mexico as a cession by the government) led to a massive expansion of agriculture in the valley (Ramírez-Velarde 2004). However, full expansion of agriculture in the area was restricted by the lack of roads allowing for export of produce from the area, until 1973 when the road connecting it with Ensenada was paved. In 1972, before the building of the transpeninsular highway, “the broad open areas 8.5 miles N of San Quintín were dotted with D. gravipes burrows” (Best 1983). Eight years later this area was converted to cropland. In 1980, the population had shrunk, and Best trapped only two individuals in >1000 trap nights. Likewise, the area 9.6 km east of El Rosario, where he had collected 35 specimens in 1972, was in 1980 covered by the paved transpeninsular highway (Best 1983). The Arroyo del Rosario area still produced 7 specimens in 1989 (Troy L. Best in litt. to EM, 20 July 1989).","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"64 1","pages":"71 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76205178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additional Information on a Nonnative Whiptail Population (Aspidoscelis flagellicauda/sonorae complex) in Suburban Orange County, California","authors":"R. Erickson, Weston G. Burt","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.76","url":null,"abstract":"The lowlands of cismontane southern California have proven to be hospitable not only to humans but to many exotic plant and animal species (Cox 1999). In addition to 14 nonnative reptile species established in the area1 is a localized population of confusing whiptails in Orange County that was first reported by Winkleman and Backlin (2016). That report was based on observations in south Irvine in May 2014 and April-June 2015 and at least one similar whiptail seen in adjacent Lake Forest in July 2015. Four specimens collected in Irvine at that time were identified as belonging to the Aspidoscelis flagellicauda/sonorae complex. The Gila Spotted Whiptail (A. flagellicauda) and Sonoran Spotted Whiptail (A. sonorae) are morphologically similar all-female species native to Arizona, New Mexico, Sonora, and Chihuahua and previously not known to occur away from their native ranges. Gary Nafis2 provided an update on the status of these lizards, noting that they are not extirpated in Irvine, as suspected by Winkleman and Backlin (2016), and “as of 7/17, they have been found only in Orange County in Irvine, Lake Forest, and Aliso Viejo, but they appear to be spreading quickly.” The reference to Aliso Viejo was presumably based on the observations detailed here. Information displayed on iNaturalist3 under the name of Sonoran Spotted Whiptail includes the Irvine observations and others beginning in 2015, but the precise locality data is “obscured” according to the wishes of reporting individuals or institutions. All of the iNaturalist locations, obscured or otherwise, are within the general geographic boundaries described above (G.B. Pauly pers. comm.). Our observations come primarily from a church campus in suburban central Laguna Woods (33.609882 N, -117.733124 W; adjacent to the vast retirement community formerly known as Leisure World), approximately 4.8 km south-southwest of the locations reported by Winkleman and Backlin (2016). The manicured landscape with scattered ornamental shrubs provides suitable habitat for the whiptails, not unlike the situation described by Winkleman and Backlin (2016). Sandy substrates are especially favored by these lizards. Like Winkleman and Backlin, we initially struggled with their identification, generally trying to force the label of Orange-throated Whiptail (A. hyperythra) upon them. Our first observation was of a single individual on 13 June 2010. Infrequent observations continued through 2016, but in 2017 we increased our effort to document them. Spotted","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"17 1","pages":"76 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82032418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing a Municipal Wastewater-based Chlorella vulgaris Photobioreactor for Sequestering Atmospheric CO2","authors":"P. Kim, O. Otim","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.42","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. \u0000 Microalgae photobioreactors are among the most effective systems for capturing gaseous CO2, the main contributor to global warming. Their capacity to generate massive amounts of biomass has been exploited serendipitously to sequester CO2 and explicitly to remove nutrients from municipal wastewater. Unfortunately, research in this area has not included merging these dual capacities to address global warming. Instead, most are focused on thermolytic conversion of biomass into energy which in end returns CO2 to the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated the potential of combining the two microalgal capacities (that of deriving nutrients from municipal wastewater and metabolic carbon from atmospheric or industrial CO2 supplies), into an integrated means of reducing nutrients in ocean-bound wastewater and CO2 in the atmosphere simultaneously. The test species used in this study was Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris); the turbidity of C. vulgaris was used as a measure of yield in biomass. Our results show (i) that an open photobioreactor, and not a closed one, is the most productive, especially when augmented with industrial CO2 (hence making a strong case for scrubbing CO2 gas from industrial sources), (ii) that a mechanically agitated C. vulgaris culture is more productive than a static one, (iii) that without mechanical agitation, 32 ± 3 days of incubation are needed to reach the maximum yield of an open photobioreactor, (iv) that the optimal proportion of wastewater (%WW) required to support C. vulgaris growth is 80 ± 3%; at least 33%WWis required to observe growth above background, and (v) that without intervention, the upper pH limit of a WW-based C. vulgaris culture is 8.69 ± 0.09. Two mutually independent models are proposed to aide in scaling up an open WW-based C. vulgaris photobioreactor.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"5 1","pages":"42 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83972721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of the Endangered Indian Knob Mountainbalm Eriodictyon altissimum (Namaceae) in Central Coastal California","authors":"C. Kofron, C. Rutherford, Lisa E. Andreano, Michael J. Walgren, H. Schneider","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. \u0000 Indian Knob Mountainbalm Eriodictyon altissimum (Namaceae) is a shrub endemic to western San Luis Obispo County in central coastal California, and little has been published regarding it. The species was listed as endangered under the California Endangered Species Act in 1979 and the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1995. At Federal listing in 1995, Indian Knob mountainbalm was known from six occurrences, two of which were in protected areas, with a total population estimate of <600 individuals. As of 2019, Indian Knob mountainbalm is known from seven occurrences, six of which are in protected areas and one (the largest) mostly in a protected area, with a total population count of 6,489+ individuals in 2016. Two occurrences are likely extirpated. Indian Knob mountainbalm is considered a fire-adapted chaparral plant. Reproduction is reported to be primarily vegetative by underground rhizomes, and it is specialized for substrates with physical disturbances, including: steep rocky slopes, cliff faces, fallen rock debris, sand dunes (shifting sand), roadsides, old graded substrates such as dirt/rock roads, the talus of graded substrates, and trails. We report the species grows up to 5.5 m tall and at 98 to 263 m elevation. In consideration of the life history traits used by Anacker et al. (2013) for rare plants in California, Indian Knob mountainbalm would be considered highly vulnerable to climate change. Using the international standards of IUCN, Indian Knob mountainbalm meets the criteria for classification as endangered including the following: geographic range, fragmented; extent of occurrence, 34 km2 (<100 km2); area of occupancy, <2.3 km2 (<10 km2); and quality of habitat, continuing to decline (dense vegetation, lack of recent fire). Coordinated conservation and research are needed to further understand the species, and to restore and maintain the five extant occurrences.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"182 1","pages":"21 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83021157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Range Expansion or Range Shift? Population Genetics and Historic Range Data Analyses of the Predatory Benthic Sea Slug Phidiana hiltoni (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia)","authors":"C. J. King, Ryan A. Ellingson, J. H. Goddard, Rebecca F Johnson, Ángel A. Valdés","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. \u0000 Phidiana hiltoni is a conspicuous nudibranch sea slug native to the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Over the past thirty years the range of P. hiltoni has expanded about 200 km northward, but the mechanism that facilitated this expansion is poorly understood. In this study, we use mtDNA and microsatellite data to investigate the population structure of P. hiltoni in its historical range as well as in recently colonized localities. Microsatellite analyses reveal little to no genetic structure and thus high gene flow throughout the range of P. hiltoni. This is consistent with mtDNA analysis results, which revealed shared haplotypes between Southern, Central and Northern populations. However, AMOVA of mtDNA data did recover some genetic structure among geographic regions. This, along with same group memberships in the microsatellite data of individuals from sites like Cave Landing, suggest a certain degree of local recruitment and reduced vagility. Recently established populations in Northern California contain two unique mtDNA haplotypes that are not present elsewhere, but microsatellite data do not differentiate these from other populations. The mismatch between mtDNA and microsatellite data could be explained by the mating system of this aggressive, hermaphroditic species as well as the sporadic nature of the northward dispersal. Analyses of historical abundance data of P. hiltoni suggest a population decline in Southern California. Together, these results suggest a northward population shift, rather than a range expansion, possibly related to ongoing changes in nearshore oceanographic conditions in the region.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"139 1","pages":"1 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73909960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Ecological Niche Model to Predict Range Expansion of the Eastern Gray Squirrel in California","authors":"C. M. Creley, F. Shilling, A. Muchlinski","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-118.1.58","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. \u0000 The eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis (EGS) has been introduced to California and has expanded its geographic range since initial introductions. In this study we projected the potential future geographic range of the EGS in California using Maxent to create an ecological niche model. Location data were obtained over the time period of 2004–2015 from museum specimens, wildlife rehabilitation centers, the California Department of Public Health, the California Roadkill Observation System, and non-iNaturalist citizen science observations. Research grade data from iNaturalist was obtained over the time period of 2004–2018. Range and habitat suitability maps were developed by mapping in ArcGIS. Three threshold selection methods were used to create different estimates of the potential future range of the EGS in California. The first method used the 10th percentile logistic threshold, the second used the minimum training presence logistic threshold, and the third used Jenks Natural Breaks. We propose that Jenks Natural Breaks has distinct advantages over the other two methods for estimating the potential future range of the introduced EGS in California, because it provides information on the habitat suitability ranking throughout California, whereas the other methods only provide a binary suitable/unsuitable map.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"35 1","pages":"58 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82589521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Panamic Fanged Blenny, Ophioblennius steindachneri Jordan & Evermann, 1898, New to California Marine Waters with a Key to the California Species of Blenniidae","authors":"M. Love, William B. Bushing, W. Power","doi":"10.3160/3503.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/3503.1","url":null,"abstract":"We report here on the first observations of the Panamic fanged blenny, Ophioblennius steindachneri Jordan & Evermann, 1898, in California marine waters. In addition, we provide information on the other blenniid species found off California and include a key to all of the California taxa. On 3 June 2017, William Bushing was diving in the Casino Point Dive Park, Santa Catalina Island (about 33°20.98′N, 118°19.57′W) when he observed a chocolate-brown blenny in a high surge zone at a depth of about 3 m resting on a small ledge in a rocky outcropping (Fig. 1). Based on his experiences filming this species in the Gulf of California, Bushing was confident the individual was O. steindachneri but sent images to Milton Love for confirmation. Based on the following characters we determined that this fish was O. steindachneri: 1) In the eastern Pacific, the short and blunt head with the slanted profile is characteristic of only two species, both members of the genus Ophioblennius: O. steindachneri and O. clippertonenesis Springer, 1962 (Springer 1962, Robertson and Allen 2015). Ophioblennius clippertonensis is a Clipperton Island endemic and 2) lacks a diagnostic character found in the Santa Catalina specimen, a dark ocellus posterior to the eye. 3) In addition, this individual had blue edging on its pectoral and anal fins, coloration found on many O. steindachneri (Humann and DeLoach 2004, Robertson and Allen 2015, Froese and Pauly 2017). Bushing continued to observe this individual in the same location for about one month after its first sighting. On 18 June 2017, Bushing observed a second Panamic fanged blenny about 30 m from the first one (Fig. 2) also in about 3 m of water in a similar habitat similar. Along with a dark ocellus and the blue on the pectoral fin, this individual had faint banding on the sides a pattern often seen in this species (Humann and DeLoach 2004, Robertson and Allen 2015, Froese and Pauly 2017). We note that these were not the first documented sightings of this species in California waters. To our knowledge, the first sighting was by Rob Anslow on 23 July 2015 at Sea Fan Grotto (about 33°26.6′N, 118°28.4′W), Santa Catalina Island. He observed this fish swimming among boulders in about 3 m of water. This fish (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPu8OHDdloY), identified from the video on 24 June 2016 by William Bushing, resembled the first individual Bushing encountered; brown and unmarked except for a dark ocellus behind the eye, with extensive blue edging on the pectoral and anal fins. Lastly, Ruth Harris observed a fish in June 2017, in the same general","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"35 1","pages":"184 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88436810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality of Native and Non-native Fishes during Artificial Breaching of Coastal Lagoons in Southern and Central California","authors":"C. Swift, J. Mulder, Chris Dellith, K. Kittleson","doi":"10.3160/1767.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/1767.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fishes of California coastal streams and associated coastal lagoons have adapted to the Mediterranean-style rainfall cycle. Winter rains open the lagoons to the ocean; subsequent lack of rain and seasonal changes in beach dynamics typically closes them for much of the year. Dry and wet season artificial breaching or opening of barrier sand berms has been suspected to disrupt fish populations and lead to mortality of many aquatic organisms including federally endangered species. Such breaches have been rarely observed and then only after at least a few days or more have passed. Artificial breachings of three lagoons have been observed during or within a few hours after breaching and provide documentation of extensive disruption and mortality of aquatic organisms. These observations, Aliso Creek, Orange County (1975), Santa Clara River, Ventura County (2010), and Corcoran Lagoon, Santa Cruz County (2014-2015), confirmed many changes and effects of these events, including mortality of the federally endangered northern and southern tidewater gobies and southern steelhead. Despite the many ostensibly beneficial and non-faunal related reasons for breaching, our observations confirm such actions can cause considerable mortality of threatened and endangered species and are probably more severe than natural wet season breachings. Many city, county, as well as state and federal laws provide regulation of lagoon breaching to protect habitat and minimize or mitigate for impact to sensitive species and these need to be maintained and strengthened.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"262 1","pages":"157 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77145855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}