Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)最新文献

{"title":"Prioritizing the Risk and Management of Introduced Species in a Landscape with High Indigenous Biodiversity","authors":"Jonathan Q. Richmond, J. Kingston, B. Ewing, Wendy M. Bear, S. Hathaway, Cedric Lee, C. Swift, K. Preston, Allison J. Schultz, B. Kus, Kerwin Russel, P. Unitt, Bradford D. Hollingsworth, R. E. Espinoza, Michael Wall, S. Tremor, Kai T. Palenscar, R. Fisher","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Risk analysis protocols for prioritizing the management of non-native species are numerous, yet few incorporate risk and management in the same analysis or accommodate a broad diversity of taxa outside of a specific geographic area. We adapted a protocol that accounts for these factors to address non-native animal species in the Southern California/Northern Baja California Coast Ecoregion near the international border in San Diego County, an area with high indigenous biodiversity and high numbers of species of conservation concern. This stepwise, semi-quantitative protocol is applicable to any animal group in any predefined geographic area, relies on consensus-building among taxonomic experts, and has been vetted through previous use and in peer-reviewed literature. Our results show that the final prioritization was driven mainly by management feasibility, with top-ranked species having multitrophic effects that favor other non-native invaders over native residents. Conditions within the assessment area required some modification to the protocol as it was originally designed, namely a shift in emphasis from eradication to control, given that eradication is implausible for most non-native species in the assessment area. We call attention to taxon-specific issues that surfaced during the analysis, identify areas for improvement in this first-ever risk assessment for invasive animal species in the Natural Communities Conservation Plan/Habitat Conservation Plan (NCCP/HCP) reserve system of San Diego County, and provide suggestions for further refinement of the protocol. This study builds on the effort to standardize risk analysis for invasive species globally, given that many of the same invaders present threats to indigenous biodiversity worldwide.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"71 1","pages":"101 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85208469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dr. John S. Stephens, Jr. 1932–2022","authors":"Ralph H Larson, D. Pondella, Milton Love","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.57","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"30 1","pages":"57 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81459674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind-Event-Induced Ocean Upwelling, Relaxation and Chlorophyll Response in the Southern California Bight","authors":"C. Gelpi","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.80","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The consequences of a large wind event occurring in the Southern California Bight on 31 January 2016, are analyzed using data from nearshore island and mainland seabed thermographs (10 to 20 m depths), NOAA meteorologic and wave-rider buoys, a CalCOFI cruise and SST and Chl a data products from satellite remote sensing. Discernible upwelling was discovered approximately 7 hr after the northwesterly wind surpassed 10 m/s, and ultimately coastal water shoaled by at least 90 m. The upwelling character varied according to where the measurements were taken. Leeward seabed thermographs and near mainland shore buoys registered an impulse-like temperature decrease, whereas open-ocean and windward sites measured a more gradual change. The approximately one day long event was followed by an increase in Chl a throughout the bight, with the largest increase being adjacent to the mainland. The Chl a signal vanished after about one week and the temperatures returned to pre-event levels after 11 d. Various upwelling and temperature-relaxation mechanisms are discussed, with two separate upwelling mechanisms suggested and the most likely candidate for relaxation being lateral diffusion of warm offshore water into the nearshore upwelled water.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"1 1","pages":"80 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81715379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gyrodactylus, Fundulotrema, and Salsuginus Species (Monogenea) Infecting Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis (Osteichthyes: Fundulidae) in Central and Southern California Estuaries and Bays","authors":"D. Cone, R. Appy, E. Leis","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A survey of Fundulus parvipinnis parvipinnis from coastal waters of Central and Southern California for Monogenea revealed two new species of Gyrodactylus Nordmann, 1832, Fundulotrema prolongis (Hargis, 1955) (both Gyrodactylidae), and a new species of Salsuginus Beverley-Burton, 1984 (Ancyrocephalinae). Gyrodactylus kalmanae n. sp. and F. prolongis attached primarily to the fins and body surface. Gyrodactylus parvipinni n. sp. was on the gills, fins, and body surface and, in some fish, formed dense aggregations on tips of gill lamellae and at the base of fins. Salsuginus californiensis n. sp. attached between adjacent secondary lamellae of the gill filaments. Partial 18S and ITS region (ITS1/5.8/ITS2) sequence data for the two new species of Gyrodactylus linked distantly to species from estuarine and marine fishes, but for F. prolongis were 100% and 99.88% similar, respectively, to samples from Fundulus heteroclitus in eastern North America. Salsuginus californiensis n. sp. differs from 11 previously described species of the genus in features of the accessory piece of the male copulatory organ and details of the larval hooks, with the molecular data reported herein being the first for this genus. The occurrence of Salsuginus from coastal California and western Mexico suggests this genus occurred on ancestral fundulids prior to isolation of Pacific species from eastern relatives by the Isthmus of Panama, estimated at 3 to 3.5 mya. Whether G. parvipinni n. sp. and G. kalmanae n. sp. have origins on ancestral fundulids or were acquired from local hosts after isolation is unclear at this time, but both species appear unrelated to species of Gyrodactylus from fundulids on the east coast. The finding of F. prolongis in California with almost identical 18S and ITS regions to eastern populations raises the question of its origin. Given the morphological and genetic similarities with populations on the east coast, F. prolongis (reported from a variety of eastern fundulid and related hosts) may have arrived via several related eastern host species introduced to and established in the state. If so, F. prolongis is a non-native species.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"117 6 1","pages":"62 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82795071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Live-trapping of Rodents in Urban Green Spaces across Los Angeles","authors":"A. Friscia, Sarah K. Helman, Molly K. Maloney, Alexandra K. Molina-Echavarria, Sarah A Nugen, Nihal Punjabi, Isobel Tweedt, J. Lynch","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.2.122","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Urban green spaces have the potential to function as multi-benefit spaces, for both human enjoyment and sustaining native wildlife populations. In our study, we trapped for small nocturnal mammals across a series of Los Angeles green spaces. Our results show that native rodents are only present in habitats that support native vegetation; in particular we highlight the native rodent biodiversity on Sage Hill, a coastal sage scrub remnant on the UCLA campus. Other urban parks that are composed of non-native grasses and non-native shrubbery yielded only invasive species of rodents, including Brown Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and House Mice (Mus musculus). Our study points to the ability of renovated green space in Los Angeles to support native fauna. In addition, our study demonstrates some of the difficulties in doing trapping studies in heavily urbanized environments.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"122 1","pages":"122 - 130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84599689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Growth Promotion Strategies for Cressa truxillensis to Improve Success of Restoration Activities","authors":"Hannah R. Lyford, M. Lum, Kasra Arjomand, Caroline Ehren, Karina K. Johnston","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Cressa truxillensis, commonly known as alkali weed, is native to western North America and is used in revegetation projects in saline or alkaline soils at locations such as the Ballona Wetlands Ecological Reserve. This research aimed to (i) determine methods to improve C. truxillensis seed germination, (ii) characterize the impact salt has on seed germination and growth, and (iii) identify and characterize bacterial seed endophytes and their potential as plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Results showed that seed scarification, either through mechanical or chemical methods, substantially improved seed germination rates. The presence of salt at 300 mM NaCl delayed germination, and both 150 mM and 300 mM NaCl decreased seedling size. Two different strains of Paenibacillus peoriae were found to reside within C. truxillensis seeds collected from the Ballona Wetlands. Although neither strain alleviated the salt sensitivity displayed by C. truxillensis, both strains showed tolerance to heavy metals, salt, and showed additional properties suggestive that they may function as PGPB. Methods used in this study can serve as guidelines for preparation of seed of C. truxillensis prior to seeding in appropriate habitats throughout the species' range.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"66 1","pages":"19 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83502802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Maximum Length for the Bluebanded Ronquil, Rathbunella hypoplecta (Zoarcoidei: Bathymasteridae)","authors":"Benjamin W. Frable, Jeremiah Dumford, A. Conrad, J. Hyde","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.51","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Throughout 2019, multiple large Rathbunella specimens were collected from recreational hook and line fishermen off San Diego County, California, USA. The individuals were larger than the previously reported maximum size for Rathbunella and exhibited a dark coloration known but not usually depicted for the genus. Herein, we provide morphological and molecular evidence that these specimens are Bluebanded Ronquils, Rathbunella hypoplecta, and we increase the maximum size of the species to 242 mm standard length. We provide descriptions of the specimens and the dark-phase coloration and demonstrate that dark and light-phase individuals are not genetically different.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"3 1","pages":"51 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83846657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urchin Gonad Response to Kelp Forest Restoration on the Palos Verdes Peninsula, California","authors":"Benjamin Grime, Rilee Sanders, T. Ford, H. Burdick, J. Claisse","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Along the Palos Verdes Peninsula in southern California, high densities of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) have consumed almost all macroalgae on large expanses (61 ha) of rocky reef habitat, creating “urchin barrens.” Mesocentrotus franciscanus (red sea urchin) harvesting comprises an important fishery in the region, as their gonads are sold as a high-value sushi product called “uni.” However, with a lack of macroalgal food resources, urchins in barrens are smaller and exist in a starved state, meaning little, if any, gonad product is available to the fishery. To restore local kelp forests and increase gonad biomass available to the M. franciscanus fishery, beginning in October 2013, S. purpuratus were culled in barrens to a target density of 2 per m2 across 5.2 ha of rocky reef on the Palos Verdes Peninsula. Mesocentrotus franciscanus were collected from urchin barren, restoration, and kelp reference sites from April to November 2014 to compare differences in gonad production among the three site types. Culling S. purpuratus resulted in the recovery of normal seasonal M. franciscanus gonad production throughout the 8-month study. Mesocentrotus franciscanus gonad weights at a given test diameter length in restoration sites were equivalent to, and sometimes exceeded, the gonad production of those from the kelp reference sites. The urchin test length distributions of collected M. franciscanus were consistently smaller at urchin barren sites than at kelp reference sites, while those in restoration sites generally fell in between.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"75 1","pages":"1 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80054332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge Gaps and Research Priorities in Living Shorelines Science: Insights from Stakeholder Interviews Throughout the U.S. Pacific Coast","authors":"Marjorie E. Mednikova, C. Whitcraft, D. Zacherl, K. Nichols","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-122.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Living shorelines provide a nature-based strategy for coastal restoration with ample opportunity for community engagement and collaboration with interdisciplinary stakeholders. While their implementation has increased over the past few decades, restoration via this technique is limited by several factors including a lack of data sharing among projects and geographical regions, a shortage of long-term monitoring to demonstrate efficacy at meeting project goals, and a need for greater interdisciplinary communication moving forward. In this study, we reviewed recent literature from a range of living shorelines studies throughout the United States and conducted interviews with nature-based coastal restoration practitioners primarily from the U.S. west coast. The insight from these stakeholder interviews allowed us to identify major knowledge gaps about living shorelines and establish priorities for future research and funding, including: (1) funding demonstration projects in their early research stages, (2) supporting projects and trainings for engineers utilizing nature-based infrastructure, (3) conducting long-term monitoring of both ecological and structural properties, (4) communicating findings, importance, and project visualizations to stakeholders within and between communities, and (5) advancing the causes of environmental justice and equity. By reviewing recent literature and engaging with living shoreline practitioners to gather their experiences and suggestions, we have increased understanding of how living shoreline restoration can be more effectively planned, constructed, and monitored at scale, in varied locations and using a range of techniques.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"27 1","pages":"33 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81475444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longevity in Wild California Red-legged Frogs (Rana draytonii) from Baja California, México","authors":"Anny Peralta-García, J. Alvarez, Jorge H. Valdez-Villavicencio, Bradford D. Hollingsworth","doi":"10.3160/SOCA-2022-00003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/SOCA-2022-00003","url":null,"abstract":"A.C","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"414 1","pages":"135 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76932202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}