Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)最新文献

{"title":"Status of Lompoc Yerba Santa Eriodictyon capitatum (Namaceae): an Endangered Plant in Santa Barbara County, Southern California","authors":"C. Kofron, S. E. Termondt, Luanne H. Lum, H. Schneider, Kristen Hasenstab-Lehman, C. Guilliams","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-121.3.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-121.3.139","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lompoc yerba santa Eriodictyon capitatum (Namaceae) is an evergreen shrub endemic to west Santa Barbara County in coastal southern Calif. The species was listed as rare under the Calif. Endangered Species Act in 1979 and as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2000. At Federal listing in 2000, Lompoc yerba santa was known from four locations (five occurrences) in three geographic areas. In 2022, the species is known from 11 occurrences in four geographic populations of which 10 occurrences are considered extant and 1 occurrence likely extirpated: Orcutt Oil Field in the Solomon Hills, 2 occurrences; Burton Mesa on Vandenberg Space Force Base North, 6 occurrences; La Salle Canyon on Vandenberg Space Force Base South, 1 occurrence; and Santa Ynez Mountains, 2 occurrences. Lompoc yerba santa occurs mostly in chaparral and bishop pine (Pinus muricata) forest, and most occurrences are in sandy soil. The species stands up to 5 m tall and with vertical stems up to 10 cm diameter. Much of its reproduction appears to be vegetative by rhizome production, suggesting low dispersal ability, and it is a habitat specialist with apparent dependence on substrate disturbance and fire. Using all available information and international standards with a precautionary but realistic attitude to uncertainty, Lompoc yerba santa in 2022 meets IUCN criteria for endangered status: the small extent of occurrence is 433 km2 (<5,000 km2) and the small area of occupancy is 2.30 km2 (<10 km2), along with the geographic range being severely fragmented, and the quality of habitat is observed/inferred/projected to be in continuing decline (altered fire regime/fire management practices, climate change with severe drought and increased temperatures).","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"31 1","pages":"139 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76462805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Quarter Century of Monitoring the Fish Assemblages of San Diego Bay, California from 1995 to 2019","authors":"L. Allen, Jonathan P. Williams, Jessica Bredvik-Curran, D. Pondella, Suzanne Graham, Natalie Martinez-Takeshita","doi":"10.3160/SOCA-2022-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/SOCA-2022-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A time series of 22 samples collected in April and July were taken of the fish assemblages of San Diego Bay over 11 non-consecutive years from 1995 to 2019. Each sample consisted of four ecoregions using a variety of collection methods designed to assess all components of the ichthyofauna. These samples yielded a total of 525,288 fishes belonging to 90 species and weighing 3,507 kg over the 25-year period. Northern anchovy was the most abundant fish species comprising 41% of the total catch despite its virtual absence near the end of the survey period, followed by topsmelt, slough anchovy, shiner perch, and Pacific sardine. Round stingrays dominated in weight constituting more than 27% of the total biomass taken followed by spotted sand bass, and northern anchovy. Approximately 64% of all individual fish captured in San Diego Bay during this study were juveniles. In a canonical correlation analysis, temperature, distance from the mouth of the bay, and salinity accounted for nearly 93% of the variance in individual species abundances. In the time series analyses, we found all three potential temporal patterns of fish species abundance, biomass, and diversity, namely: 1) significant decreases over time, 2) significant increases over time, and 3) no significant change over time. Abundance of eight of the top 35 species (including northern anchovy, topsmelt, slough anchovy, and shiner perch) and all forage species combined decreased over the study. Two species increased significantly in abundance, spotted sand bass and dwarf perch. Whereas, total abundance, total biomass, species richness, Shannon diversity, and the majority (71%) of species abundances did not change over the 25-year period. Despite various environmental perturbations and the general trends of decreases in larval and fish abundance indices over the Southern California Bight in recent years, the stability in species richness and composition over time reflects the generally resilient nature of the fish assemblage structure of San Diego Bay that has been maintained by active management including restoration practices.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"175 1","pages":"111 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77358475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bycatch in the California halibut (Paralichthys californicus) Trawl Fishery","authors":"Kinsey E. Matthews, Jacklyn L. Mohay, Jake W. Todd, R. Starr","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-121.2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-121.2.88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Bycatch rates within the California halibut trawl fishery were calculated using landed catch data from 1997–2020 fishery logbooks and estimated using landed and discarded catches from 2002–2019 fishery observer data. Average bycatch rates were significantly different between the two datasets. The average bycatch ratio estimated from fishery logbooks was 0.36 ± 0.17 while the average bycatch ratio estimated from the observer data was 4.61 ± 1.29, based on the weight of bycatch to weight of California halibut catch. Additionally, the most frequently caught bycatch species were estimated for each dataset. Bycatch rates calculated from the observer data were closely aligned with fishery-independent surveys conducted by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, signaling the importance of using fishery observers to obtain estimates of bycatch within the California halibut fishery. Spatial patterns of bycatch revealed that fishing effort was highest near Monterey, San Luis Obispo and Ventura. Our results suggest that data from logbooks alone are not sufficient to adequately estimate bycatch within the California halibut trawl fishery.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"1992 1","pages":"88 - 109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89025329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Annotated Checklist of the Terrestrial Mammals of Los Angeles County Part II: Eulipotyphla, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, and Chiroptera","authors":"B. Blood","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-121.2.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-121.2.41","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial mammals of Los Angeles County was compiled, based on over 10,000 museum records spanning over 100 years of scientific research. Part 1 covered 42 species in the orders Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia. Part II provides an annotated list and abbreviated synonymies for 46 species of terrestrial mammals in the orders Eulipotyphla, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, and Chiroptera.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"43 1","pages":"41 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72927825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Trophic and Community Structure of Kelp Forest Fishes Inside and Outside of Three Long-standing MPAs in the Southern California Bight","authors":"Parker H. House, L. Allen","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-121.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-121.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In many marine ecosystems worldwide, overfishing is a prominent cause in removing large predatory fishes from ecological communities. Fluctuation in the abundance of higher trophic level species can transform an ecosystem's structure and function by altering trophic interactions through density-mediated top-down control. Accordingly, understanding the extent to which humans indirectly influence a community through altering predator abundance is of critical importance. Thus, during the summer of 2013 and 2014 the impacts of fishing on the trophic structure of kelp forest fishes were examined within the Southern California Bight. In 2013, we tested whether decreased abundance through fishing for higher trophic level predators relieves predation pressure on lower trophic level prey. Using a combination of underwater survey techniques, density (no. fish/100 m2) and biomass (g/100 m2) of conspicuous fish species were sampled inside and outside of three long-standing Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) off La Jolla, Santa Catalina Island, and Anacapa Island, California. We found that the secondary carnivore and herbivore/omnivore trophic levels were significantly lower in density and biomass outside of MPAs. Inversely, the primary carnivore trophic level biomass was higher outside of MPAs. At the species level, we observed a lower abundance outside MPAs of large kelp bass (>25 cm) and higher densities of potential prey, kelp perch. Other primary carnivore fishes (blacksmith and señorita) showed a non-significant trend of higher biomass outside MPAs. Our results provide evidence of trophic level changes due to fishing pressure and provide support for a possible weakening of top-down control on specifically the kelp perch population through the removal of large kelp bass outside MPAs. The removal or recovery of predators can greatly influence an ecosystem. As more recent studies suggest that indirect community effects of fishing and protection can take up to decades to detect, it is necessary to document the continued changes on the structure, function, and dynamics of the kelp forests and rocky reefs off southern California.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"17 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79103396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arboreality in the California Whipsnake (Masticophis lateralis): Implications for Survey Techniques","authors":"J. Alvarez, A. Murphy","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-121.1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-121.1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, new species were defined by mensural characters and descriptive analyses of external features (i.e., coloration, patterning, behavior) that attempted to delineate new species from those previously described. Ecological associations (e.g., habitat, microhabitat, geographic extent or location, etc.) further defined the differences between one species and those closely related (Van Denburgh 1897). Over time, the species’ niche becomes better defined as various researchers use different foci or perspectives to investigate natural history traits (Storer 1925). Occasionally, natural history traits that were once considered putative, particularly in older references, are lost to the cognizance of modern researchers and become rarely referenced. The California whipsnake [Masticophis (=Coluber) lateralis], first described by Hallowell in 1853, provides an example of this phenomenon. This species is a relatively long, narrow-bodied snake that is found throughout the foothills or lowto mid-elevations of portions of the Coast, Cascade, Sierra Nevada, Transverse and Peninsular Ranges in California, as well as northwestern Baja California (Stebbins 1954; Brown 1997; Grismer 2002; Flaxington 2021). Early investigators described the California whipsnake as arboreal (Grinnell and Grinnell 1907; Grinnell and Storer 1924; Ortenburger 1928; Pickwell 1947; Stebbins 1954; Appendix I), but when an extended gap in published work on snake habitat occurred, awareness of the snake’s arboreal traits did not span that gap. Here, we draw upon our own recent investigations to describe arboreal traits of the California whipsnake and use those observations to suggest that it be considered semiarboreal, and that survey and management techniques should reflect this snake’s behavior. Further, we describe survey techniques designed to examine habitat features that best support the arboreal nature of this snake. Following Stebbins (1954) general natural history account, nearly 40 yrs elapsed before new information on California whipsnake habitat and microhabitat was published. Subsequent to subspeciation of M. lateralis, with one subspecies becoming listed as threatened in the San Francisco Bay region by state and federal wildlife agencies, a new focus on the natural history of the species was initiated (Reimer 1954; CDFW 1987; USFWS 1997, 2002). Interest in the listed Alameda whipsnake subspecies (M. l. euryxanthus) sparked a flurry of new observations and research beginning with Swaim and McGinnis (1992) who reported habitat associations for the Alameda whipsnake, including preferred habitat features. However, they made no mention of the arboreal behavior in the species or subspecies, nor the potential effects of this behavior on their methodology for study. Lind (1992) picked up the thread carried by early researchers when she reported that a California whipsnake was “found 2 m above ground in a canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)...” supporting the arboreal nature","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"60 1","pages":"34 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81489415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spot Pattern Stability During Five Years of Growth of a Captive Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas","authors":"Michael C. Couffer","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-121.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-121.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"Adult Giant Sea Bass (Stereolepis gigas) (GSB) are the largest teleosts inhabiting California’s nearshore habitats. They attain a maximum total length of over 2.7 m, a weight of up to 255 kg, and an age of at least 76 years (Allen 2017; Allen and Andrews 2012; Domeier 2001). All lengths hereafter are total lengths. They range from Humboldt Bay, California to Oaxaca, Mexico, including the entire Gulf of California (Cornish 2004; Domeier 2001); 73% of the species’ range occurs in Mexico (Ramirez-Valdez et al. 2021). Giant Sea Bass spend just under a month as floating eggs and planktonic larvae before settling to the bottom (Benseman and Allen 2018). After planktonic settlement, the youngof-the-year (YOY) of GSB of between 10 and 80 mm occupy habitat between 2 and 38 m in depth (Benseman and Allen 2018; Couffer and Benseman 2015; Couffer 2017). The YOY at this size range occupy wide expanses of open sand or sandy-mud away from rocks, jetties, piers, debris, and other hard structures (Benseman and Allen 2018; Benseman et al. 2019; Couffer and Benseman 2015; Couffer 2017). Benseman and Allen (2018) found that newly-settled YOY were most abundant over soft-bottomed habitat within 300 m of the heads of submarine canyons that begin close to shore. Couffer (2020) described the four centers of abundance for newly-settled YOY located by Benseman and Allen (2018) as GSB nursery sites. The known California nursery sites include Redondo Beach in Los Angeles County, Newport Pier and Big Corona del Mar State Beach in Orange County, and La Jolla Shores in San Diego County. No significant submarine canyons that closely approach sandy shorelines exist along the Pacific coast side of the Baja California Peninsula; however, potential nursery site habitat exists off the tip of the peninsula and within the Gulf of California. The topic of nursery sites within the Mexican portion of the species’ range remains unexplored (Couffer 2020). The smallest verified YOY found in a nursery site was 10 mm. However, on 11 June 2021, a school of nine fish smaller than 10 mm that appeared to have very similar body shape and behavior to newly-settled YOY was filmed by a diver in the La Jolla Shores nursery site; unfortunately, the image resolution was not high enough to conclusively identify the fish as GSB. Between 10 mm and 20 mm, YOY are black with several small white patches around the face and sides (Benseman and Allen 2018; Couffer and Benseman 2015). The white patches are too variable for long-term re-identification of individuals. Black-phase YOY have large black spiny dorsal and pelvic fins and translucent soft dorsal, pectoral, anal, and caudal fins. During the black phase, black spots do not exist on the sides. When stressed, the black background often lightens considerably but no black spots appear (Couffer 2017). From approximately 20 mm to 40 mm, their background pigmentation lightens from black through a brown phase into orange. Spiny dorsal fin pigmentation mirrors the","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"37 1","pages":"27 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78032424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unken Reflex in the California Red-legged Frog Rana draytonii in Western North America","authors":"J. Alvarez, Jennifer L. Haire","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.3.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.3.132","url":null,"abstract":"Interspecific interactions of the California red-legged frog have been much studied in recent decades (Alvarez et al. 2003; Cook and Jennings 2007; Bishop et al. 2014). Nevertheless, behaviors of R. draytonii specifically related to predator avoidance have either been accepted as putative or remain unpublished. Rana draytonii engages in two common defensive behaviors that are typical of most anurans when approached by potential predators: first, immobility, by which the frog eludes notice, and second, a fast leap into surrounding aquatic or upland habitat (Stebbins and Cohen 1995; pers obs.). Less commonly reported, but observed by the senior author, is a third defensive behavior, an alarm call, which is given off by many anurans (Stebbins and Cohen 1995; Duellman and Trueb 1994). Here we report R. draytonii engaged in a likely fourth defensive behavior, the “unken reflex”. While collecting data on the relative abundance of California red-legged frog larvae in the upper Kellogg Creek watershed (aka: Los Vaqueros Watershed) in eastern Contra Costa County, we were dip-netting for the species from numerous cattle stock ponds known to support the species. At the interpretive center pond (location: 37.842275° N, 121.724343° W), we captured an adult male R. draytonii (snout-urostyle length ∼6.5 cm). As we removed it from the net for release, the frog abruptly assumed what has been reported as the unken reflex (see: Duellman and Trueb 1994; Fig. 1), a posture characterized by an arched back and front limbs extended upward. Among anurans, this posture is thought to be used defensively by the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata) and the white-lipped bright-eyed treefrog (Boophis albilabris) and has also been more recently reported for the Florida gopher frog (Lithobates capito aesopus) (Duellman and Trueb 1994; Andreone 2003; Means 2004). The male frog we observed held the position for 45 to 60 sec before being released. As observed in B. variegata, B. albilabris, and L. c. aesopus, the frog was relatively rigid, its front limbs angled upward toward the eyes and the “palms” pointed upward (Fig. 1). Duellman and Trueb (1994) contend that this behavior allows the brightly colored venter to be exhibited to a potential predator, suggesting an aposematic purpose. Means (2004), however, strongly suggested that this behavior in L. c. aesopus is related to protection of the eyes from intraspecific interactions. It may be a combination of these postulated purposes that caused R. draytonii to use this behavior as a defensive mechanism, however, further research is required to fully understand this behavior. Our observation suggests that the unken reflex represents a fourth defensive behavior exhibited by this threatened species.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"311 1","pages":"132 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74966497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Occurrence of a Giant Sea Cow (cf. Hydrodamalis cuestae) from the Pliocene Pico Formation of Santa Clarita, Southern California","authors":"C. Frederico, M. McLain","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.3.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.3.128","url":null,"abstract":"Sirenians, such as manatees and dugongs, are herbivorous marine mammals commonly called sea cows with a fossil record extending from middle Eocene deposits to the present (Domning 2001). An extinct, nine-meter-long sirenian species called Hydrodamalis cuestae (Domning 1978) (Fig. 1) once lived along the American Pacific coast. It is closely related to the similarly large Steller’s sea cow, Hydrodamalis gigas (Zimmerman 1780), sharing a common ancestor with H. gigas and H. spissa (Furusawa 2004). Hydrodamalis gigas, also known as the Steller’s sea cow, once inhabited the Bering Strait and was driven to extinction likely by 1768 due to overhunting (Domning and Furusawa 1994, Turvey and Risley 2006, Stejneger 1887). In 2018, we discovered a large sirenian vertebra on private land on the eastern side of U.S. Interstate HWY 5 in the Newhall area, containing exposures of the Pico Formation (see Fig. 2 in Squires 2012). The Pico Formation is a marine deposit which has been dated at 3.6-2.5 million years (Winterer and Durham 1962) in the Santa Clarita area containing marine invertebrate fauna indicative of an inner sublittoral marine environment (Squires 2012). There are abundant invertebrate fossils at the site (e.g., turritellid gastropods, pectinid bivalves, echinoids, etc.) buried with pebbleto cobble-sized plutonic, volcanic, and metamorphic clasts in a sandy matrix. Specifically, we collected and identified the following invertebrate taxa at the site: Tresus nuttallii, Glossaulax reclusiana, Turritella cooperi, Nassarius californianus, and Compsomyax subdiaphana. N. californianus is restricted to the Pliocene (Squires 2012), confirming the deposit as Pliocene. These fossiliferous beds appear to be storm deposits, as has been inferred for other Santa Clarita Pico Formation sites (Squires 2012, Winterer and Durnham 1962). Vertebrate fossils found at this Santa Clarita site include bones from mysticete and odontocete cetaceans, as well as a shark tooth (Carcharodon sp.). All of the vertebrate fossils found at the site so far are isolated and fragmentary. A large vertebra (formerly TMU 0101, now LACM 162832) was found by Matthew McLain on a hill slope at the site as float while leading a geology class field trip. We are confident it came from the Pico Formation and not from an overlying formation because there are no other formations above the fossil site at that location. It was collected with permission from the landowner and was donated to the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Precise locality information is available upon request for qualified researchers. The vertebra is large (dimensions listed in Table 1) and is still partially embedded in sandstone. The centrum is distinctly heart-shaped in anterior and posterior view, which is characteristic for sirenians (see, for example, Hautier et al. 2012). There is a sagittal keel on the ventral surface of the centrum. The left superior costal facet is present, but the right was lost due to f","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"7 1","pages":"128 - 131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89399355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Annotated Checklist of the Terrestrial Mammals of Los Angeles County Part I: Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia","authors":"B. Blood","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.3.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.3.99","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial mammals of Los Angeles County was compiled based on over 3,000 museum records. A total of 84 species of terrestrial mammals have been recorded from Los Angeles County, of which 42 species from three orders are included in Part I: Didelphimorphia, Lagomorpha, and Rodentia. Each species annotation includes a brief synonymy and description of its recorded distribution in the county. Although approximately 38% of Los Angeles County is developed or urban, it supports a diverse terrestrial mammal fauna that is mostly found in large natural and open space areas, such as the San Gabriel Mountains, Santa Monica Mountains, Santa Susanna Mountains, Griffith Park, Verdugo Mountains, Palos Verde Hills, Puente Hills, San Rafael Hills, Soledad Canyon, and Mojave Desert.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"22 1","pages":"99 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89035406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}