Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)最新文献

{"title":"Mammal Activity and Species Richness is Reduced in Areas with Recreationists, in Palos Verdes Peninsula Habitat Fragments","authors":"Austin L. Nash","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study examined how the species richness and activity patterns of mammals differed in previously unsurveyed habitat fragments with varying recreation intensities on the Palos Verdes Peninsula, Los Angeles County, California. I hypothesized that the number of mammal species detected and activity level of mammals was reduced in habitat fragments with recreation present. Eight game cameras were installed in two habitat fragments in the Palos Verdes Peninsula (PVP), one canyon with recreation (hiking, biking, dog walking) and one reference canyon with minimal human use. Cameras were placed at natural constrictions along the two main travel corridors in the canyons, trails and creek beds. The camera installations were monitored for 200 d. Species richness, activity location, and activity time were analyzed for each canyon. The reference canyon had a higher number of mammal species detected (nine versus six) and accounted for 93% of wildlife detections. Canis latrans showed no difference in the number of detections between canyons, while the other eight mammal species detected exhibited higher activity in the reference canyon. Canis latrans exhibited greater variability in time of activity in the reference canyon than conspecifics in the recreation canyon. Mesopredators Procyon lotor and Felis catus accounted for 67% of wildlife detections in the canyon free of recreation and pose a potential risk to songbirds of conservation concern present in the PVP. Although limited by sampling constraints, this study provides a foundation to investigate wildlife dynamics in the network of habitat fragments in the Palos Verdes Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"22 1","pages":"49 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84657103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Redescription of Lepeophtheirus longipes Wilson, 1905 (Copepoda; Caligidae) Parasitic on Giant Sea Bass, Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859 (Polyprionidae), off California","authors":"J. Passarelli, D. Tang, L. Allen","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.64","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The giant sea bass (GSB), Stereolepis gigas Ayres, 1859, is the largest teleost (exceeding 2 m in length and 200 kg in weight) and megacarnivore found in California kelp forest communities. Overfishing of GSB in the late 1920s crashed the population off California and in 1996 it was classified as an International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) critically endangered species. Recently, three GSB were collected off San Onofre, California and held at the Southern California Marine Institute in San Pedro. Two of the three GSB were infected with Lepeophtheirus longipes Wilson, 1905 (Siphonostomatoida; Caligidae), a poorly described species of parasitic copepod previously recorded from the GSB and purportedly on other fish hosts. In this study, a detailed redescription of the female and the first description of the male of L. longipes are provided and all records of Lepeophtheirus longipes are reviewed. The latter revealed that L. longipes is host specific to GSB. Lepeophtheirus longipes is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of female characters that includes: (1) genital complex with prominent posterolateral lobes and is about half the length of the cephalothorax and just over two times longer than the cylindrical, indistinctly 2-segmented abdomen; (2) an antennule with a small conical process on the proximal segment; (3) maxillule with an outer conical process at the base of the dentiform process; (4) sternal furca with pointed and slightly splayed tines; (5) first exopodal segment of leg 3 with a terminal spine; and (6) third exopodal segment of leg 4 with three unequal apical spines.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"94 1","pages":"64 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79593907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sightings of a White Shark (Carcharodon carcharias) with a Significantly Deformed Pectoral Fin off the coast of Southern California","authors":"Phil Sternes, Patrick L. Jambura","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.59","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that sharks frequently suffer injuries throughout their life due to various natural causes (Pratt and Carrier 2001; Chin et al. 2015; Becerril-García et al. 2020), including human interactions (Lester et al. 2020). Although sharks show both remarkable resilience and wound-healing capabilities (Reif 1978; Womersely et al. 2021) to minor injuries such as lacerations, some injuries are so substantial that they remain present for the rest of the individual’s life (Mumby 2019; Womersely et al. 2021). For example, in 2014 a grey reef shark, Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856), was observed to be missing its entire first dorsal fin at a reef near Palau (Mumby 2019). Remarkably, the same individual was seen again four years later near the original study site, indicating that it had survived with the permanent injury (Mumby 2019). It is known that the dorsal fin either aids in stability or in generating thrust depending on its size and position on the body (LinghamSoliar 2005; Maia et al. 2017). However, it is unknown what functional consequences a shark may suffer when missing a dorsal fin (Harris 1936). Nevertheless, it was concluded that this grey shark most likely used a variety of feeding tactics to capture prey and survive to compensate the loss of its dorsal fin (Mumby 2019). Whereas grey reef sharks are moderately sized mesopredators (Roff et al. 2016), it is unknown how such injuries may impact the behavior and survival of large predatory sharks such as the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias (Linnaeus, 1758). Here, we present evidence of a white shark with a highly deformed pectoral fin that has been filmed twice over a five month period. Additionally, we discuss the possible functional consequences the white shark may have suffered and how this shark has most likely modified its behavior and survived during this time span. On the morning of 27 August 2020, a juvenile white shark of unknown sex (C. Gauna pers. comm.) with a deformed left pectoral fin was observed via drone just off the coast of Santa Barbara, California, USA (Fig. 1a). The pectoral fin was intact but was bent up at nearly a 90° angle practically flush against the body. The shark appeared to be swimming in the upright position without any indication of it swimming on a rolled axis despite its pectoral fin deformity (Fig. 1a and Supporting Information Video S1). However, the shark appears to be putting forth increased effort just to swim in an irregular motion (non-thunniform) most likely due to its pectoral fin deformity (Supporting Information Video S1). In addition, it is unknown if this was a birth deformity or if the deformity was sustained later in life by some other cause (i.e., natural or human related). On the evening of 17 January 2021, almost five months after the first observation, the same individual was filmed in the same area again (Fig. 1b).","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"30 1","pages":"59 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85021713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Newly Established Largemouth Blenny (Labrisomus xanti) Population off Santa Catalina Island, CA: Determining Densities, Habitat Preference, Size Ranges, and Year Classes","authors":"Lindsey N. Stockton, Kathryn C. Scafidi, L. Allen","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.2.88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In 2015 the Pacific Ocean experienced a strong El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). With this change in water temperature, marine species were able to expand outside their previous ranges and settle in new habitats. The first sighting of the species Labrisomus xanti, or largemouth blenny, on Santa Catalina Island was October 2015 and since then the species has been seen regularly around the island. In October and November of 2018, we surveyed three sites along the leeward side of Catalina Island. Largemouth blennies were counted, measured, and sex determined along diver transects at multiple depth strata. Substrate type was also recorded. We observed multiple sizes of largemouth blennies among sites, depths and between sexes. Among the three sampled locations, Empire Landing had significantly more individuals than Big Fisherman Cove and Yellowtail Point. These differences were likely due to the greater abundance of small and medium-sized boulders and lack of sand patches within the rocky reef at Empire Landing. Male largemouth blennies were significantly larger than females. The largest largemouth blennies were found at a depth of 4.5 m with the smallest individuals found in the shallow (1.5 m) depths. Individuals were significantly larger at Empire Landing and Yellowtail Point than at Big Fisherman Cove. Finally, length frequency analysis identified at least four putative age classes corresponding to the years 2014–2017 supporting a well-established population. However, further study is necessary before we can determine whether the population at Catalina Island is a self-sustaining population.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"3 4","pages":"88 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72412712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Camatta Canyon amole Hooveria purpurea var. reducta (Agavaceae): a Threatened Plant in La Panza Range, San Luis Obispo County, California","authors":"C. Kofron, C. Rutherford, David L. Magney, M. Borchert, L. G. Simpson","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Camatta Canyon amole Hooveria purpurea var. reducta (Agavaceae) is a bulbous, perennial plant known from four occurrences in La Panza Range and adjacent hills in central San Luis Obispo County, California. The species H. [Chlorogalum] purpurea was listed as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 2000. As currently known, Camatta Canyon amole is narrowly distributed, with a geographic range of 3.05 km2 and area of occupancy >36.47 ha, of which 21.15 ha are on Los Padres National Forest. Based upon preliminary search on a nearby private property, Camatta Canyon amole likely has greater distribution and abundance here than on national forest. Our data suggest the number of plants where monitored on Red Hill Ridge on national forest has declined since the 1980's and 1990's. In 2021, the primary threats are invasive plants, climate change including severe drought and increased temperatures, and road maintenance and vehicles in the right-of-way of St. Hwy. 58. We suspect that targeted cattle grazing, and if not practicable then light cattle grazing, would likely benefit Camatta Canyon amole by reducing invasive plants and thatch. Using all available information and international standards, Camatta Canyon amole in 2021 meets IUCN criteria for the data deficient category, which is due to lack of data for distribution and abundance on private properties.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"32 1","pages":"26 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88777637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Tidepool Fishes at Six Locations within the Southern California Bight, 2004-2005","authors":"S. Adams, L. Allen","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-120.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-120.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Several studies have been conducted on the California coast investigating the distribution and abundance patterns of rocky intertidal fishes; however, most of these studies have focused on only one or two sites along a large expanse of coastline primarily north of Point Conception. This study examined six sites in the central portion of the Southern California Bight to assess regional patterns of abundance and distribution of rocky intertidal fishes more accurately. All six sites were sampled within the same low tide series quarterly from January 2004 to February 2005. Species abundances, biomass, densities, species diversity (H′), and size distributions were determined and compared. All assemblages were dominated by Clinocottus analis (Cottidae) both in abundance and biomass although a total of ten species were found throughout the study representing six families. Species composition did vary with latitude as warm temperate species, Girella nigricans and Gobiesox rhessodon, were associated with southern sites, and cool temperate species, Clinocottus recalvus and Oligocottus snyderi, were found at northern sites. Differences in community structure may reflect site specific environmental conditions such as surfgrass coverage or wave energy. When considering abundance and density, each metric yielded a different result, i.e., the site with greatest abundance had the lowest density. This may be reflective of a funneling effect of intertidal fishes from surface area of habitat available at high tide to low tide rather than simply standardizing for pool size. H′ was not influenced by season or latitude but was negatively correlated with wave exposure. Three of the five most common species (Clinocottus analis, Girella nigricans and Gobiesox rhessodon) recruited in the late fall, early winter. Assessment of Clinocottus analis by site revealed regional variation: recruitment was only detected at the three southern sites in January 2004 but at all six sites in February 2005.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83529916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observations of Agonistic Behavior between Two Island Kelpfish, Alloclinus holderi (Lauderbach, 1907) (Labrisomidae), at Anacapa Island, California.","authors":"H. H. Godfrey, M. Love","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.3.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.3.65","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a previously unreported agonistic behavior between two Alloclinus holderi (Lauderbach, 1907). Alloclinus holderi (family Labrisomidae) is a small, reef-dwelling fish reaching 15 cm total length (Love and Passarelli 2020). The species ranges from San Miguel Island, southern California to Isla Asuncion (27°06’N, 114°18’W), southern Baja California (Love and Passarelli 2020), Rocas Alijos (24°57.5’N, 115°45’W) (SIO 70-371), and into the Gulf of California at least as far northward as Playa Caleritas (24°21’N, 110°17’W) (González-Acosta et al. 2018), at depths between the intertidal and 91 m (Love and Passarelli 2020). The senior author observed and documented on video agonistic behavior between two fishes living on a rocky reef located at the south end of Cat Rock, Anacapa Island (34°00’12.5“N, 119°25’21.5”W) on the morning of 16 November 2019, at a depth of 12 m. Six to 10 A. holderi were observed within a crevice; most of these individuals were isolated from one another at an average distance of 0.5 m. In contrast, two individuals, of approximately equal size, were very close together, where they displayed a series of repetitious behaviors consisting of rising and lowering the front of the body while mouth gaping (Fig. 1). This was followed by biting, primarily of the opponent’s upper jaw (Fig. 2), although other head regions were sometimes involved. Jaw locking lasted between 3–63 secs and averaged about 20 secs. Most of the biting initiations were instigated by one individual (i.e., the one on the viewers’ right in Fig. 1). The senior author observed these interactions for about 3 min. At this point, the two fish engaged in a relatively long clasp during which time the gill operculae of both individuals began to open and close more rapidly than previously 63 secs after the initiation of this clasp, the individual on the right broke off and swam away. While this behavior has not previously been reported in this species, it is known from closely related taxa (i.e., both threat and attack behavior were described in Chaenopsis ocellata Poey 1865; Robins et al. 1959). In the Gulf of California both Paraclinus sini and Malacoctenus hubbsi defend territories through various forms of threat displays (Thomson et al. 2000) and shelter defense is common among the closely allied Chaenopsidae (Robins et al 1959; Thresher 1997; Hastings 2002) and Blenniidae (e.g., Losey 1968). Jaw locking seems particularly widespread, as it has been observed among the Labrisomidae (i.e., Labrisomus cricota; Sazima et al. 2002) and Chaenopsidae (i.e., Acanthemblemaria crockeri and Emblemaria hypacanthus; Thomson et al. 2000). In addition, the head raising behavior we observed has also been documented in some related taxa (e.g., “rearing up” in the Trypterygiidae, Wirtz 1978; “raised heads” in the labrisomid Dialommus fuscus, Nieder 2001). Territoriality among the Blennioidei often (although not always, Losey 1968)","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"1 1","pages":"65 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82908276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Oil and Gas Conductors as Fish Habitat at Two Southern California Offshore Platforms","authors":"M. Love, Scott Clark, M. McCrea, Katelin Seeto, Conner Jainese, M. Nishimoto, A. S. Bull, L. Kui","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.3.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.3.68","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Worldwide, all oil and gas offshore platforms contain conductors, a series of closely spaced vertical pipes, that carry oil and gas from the wells. During decommissioning, these conductors are usually removed. However, worldwide, there has been no research on the relationship between conductor arrays and fish densities. During summer and fall of 2017 and 2018, at Platforms Holly and A, in the Santa Barbara Channel, California, we conducted visual scuba surveys of the fish densities associated with 1) conductors, 2) crossbeams, and 3) blue (open) water under these platforms. A minimum of 14 species were observed at Platform Holly and 14 species at Platform A. Substantially more fishes, and higher densities, were observed at Holly (17,533, 636 per 100 m–2, respectively) than at A (1,185, 171 per 100 m2). Although there were similarities, the dominant species at the two platforms were distinct. Rockfishes (genus Sebastes), particularly Sebastes hopkinsi, dominated the Holly assemblage, while the damselfish, Chromis punctipinnis, was the most abundant at A. Overall, at both platforms, there was no statistical difference between fish densities at conductors and at crossbeams and fish densities were higher at both conductors and crossbeams when compared to those in blue water. The species assemblage among three habitats were similar, although there were two survey occasions where no fish were observed in blue water. Our research strongly suggests that, to the extent possible, retaining conductors during partial removal will likely have a positive influence on both fish diversity and fish abundance, during at least some years.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"14 1","pages":"68 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84715016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity Tolerance and Osmoregulation in the Wide-spread Pacific Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla","authors":"David L. Weick, B. Brattstrom","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.2.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.2.55","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The effects of high saline concentrations on the plasma osmolytes of the four populations of the Pacific Treefrog, Pseudacris regilla, were investigated. Two of the populations, Chris Wicht and Trabuco Canyon, were in fresh water environments and two populations, Newport Back Bay and Alkaline Marsh, were in brackish water environments. The Newport Backbay treefrogs were most tolerant of increased sodium chloride solutions with 11 of 15 individuals surviving at 240 mM sodium chloride at 72 hrs. The Trabuco Canyon population was the least tolerant with 10 of 15 specimens surviving 120 mM sodium chloride at 72 hrs but none at the 180 mM concentration at 72 hrs. The Chris Wicht and Alkaline Marsh treefrogs were intermediate in their survival times with frogs surviving in 180 mM saline solutions at 72 hrs. The Newport treefrogs appeared to be the most efficient in osmoregulating by mainstreaming the plasma sodium and increasing plasma urea to compensate for the osmotic gradient produced by the increased external saline concentrations. The Trabuco Canyon and the Chris Wicht treefrogs appeared to be intermediate in their osmoregulatory abilities with the Alkaline Marsh treefrogs being least efficient and more likely an osmoconformer. The difference in osmoregulatory responses appears to be a population difference and a function of habitat. Sodium chloride was the major plasma osmolyte in the four populations of treefrogs. Urea increased in importance as the external concentration of the saline media increased, thus the role of urea was significant in maintaining the internal osmoconcentration. These simple physiological mechanisms allow this widespread treefrog to occur in so many different habitats.","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"7 1","pages":"55 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81263518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Coyote Mountains' Desert Snail (Sonorelix harperi carrizoensis), a Lazarus Species with the First Documentation of Live Individuals","authors":"R. Fisher, S. Fisher","doi":"10.3160/0038-3872-119.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3160/0038-3872-119.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The Coyote Mountain desert snail (Sonorelix harperi carrizoensis) was described in 1937 from 30 dry shells collected the previous year. We reviewed the literature and museum records and found two additional shell collections for this subspecies from the type locality one from 1958, and one from an adjacent mountain range in 1938. There is no evidence previously of any live snails being collected from the Coyote Mountains, Imperial County, California. All shell collections of S. harperi carrizoensis have the same locality data as the type series, which is Painted Gorge, Coyote Mountains except for one recorded collection of shells from the Vallecito Mountains from 1938. Using geological maps and other data sources, a potential mesic habitat was identified in the Coyote Mountains. During recent field work for salamanders at this location we detected two live specimens of S. harperi carrizoensis approximately 2 km north of its type location. This new data confirms this subspecies is still extant and has occurred at least at two sites historically in these mountains. Despite the presence of mesic habitats (i.e., mosses, liverworts and ferns) at the type locality, we found no evidence of S. harperi carrizoensis or salamanders. California has a highly diverse terrestrial snail and slug fauna of over 360 taxa, with a high number of locally endemic taxa (Roth and Sadeghian 2003). This fauna is dominated by the family Helminthoglyptidae, with several endemic desert genera including the genus Sonorelix (Roth and Sadeghian 2003; Goodward et al. 2017). Imperial County has the most depauperate snail fauna of any county in California with only three native snails known from the desert mountains, including two subspecies of Sonorelix harperi and one subspecies of Eremarionta rowelli (Roth and Sadeghian 2003). Two of these subspecies (Sonorelix harperi carrizoensis and Eremarionta rowelli chocolata) are endemic to Imperial County and are both poorly known in the literature or museum collections, with no evidence of recent collections for either of these endemic subspecies (Roth, pers comm.; SBNHM and SDSNH search 1 May 2020). Both subspecies were described in the 1930s from remote mountain ranges by George Willett who focused on resolving the taxonomy of these desert snails (1935, 1937), neither of these endemics have received any critical attention since these descriptions. Similar to these snails, salamanders are also poorly known from Imperial County, with only two specimens of Southern California slender salamanders (Batrachoseps major) having been collected previously, each from a different mountain range [SDSNH 16316 (1933)","PeriodicalId":90803,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin (Southern California Academy of Sciences)","volume":"117 1","pages":"49 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88910357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}