Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine最新文献

{"title":"Eicosanoids as Risk and Prognostic Factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Sepsis Patients","authors":"G. Takahashi, S. Shibata, S. Endo","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000435","url":null,"abstract":"Although a number of studies have reported elevated levels of eicosanoids in acute lung injury with sepsis, the possibility that eicosanoids may act as risk and prognostic factors for sepsis patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains poorly studied. To clarify this aspect, we measured the levels of eicosanoids and used logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to investigate whether eicosanoids could act as risk and prognostic factors for sepsis patients who develop ARDS. We conducted a casecontrol study comparing 13 sepsis patients with ARDS and 23 sepsis patients without ARDS. The plasma levels of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured by radioimmunoassays as substitutes for the plasma levels of PGI2 and TXA2, which are unstable. The levels of eicosanoids in sepsis patients with ARDS were significantly higher than those in sepsis patients without ARDS. Logistic regression analysis revealed that LTB4 was the only risk factor for sepsis patients with ARDS (odds ratio, 1.10; P=0.02). The area under the ROC curve values for all eicosanoids were significantly greater than 0.5 (P<0.001), and the likelihood value for the TXB2 levels was higher than those of the other eicosanoids. We conclude that LTB4 may be an important risk factor for sepsis patients with ARDS, while TXA2 may be an important prognostic factor for sepsis patients with ARDS.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"62 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75438179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Tuberculosis among Community Acquired Pneumonia Diagnosed Patients","authors":"Tinku Joseph, V. Dharmadhikari, Ajit Kulkarni","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000436","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the proportion of pulmonary TB among patients hospitalized with suspected communityacquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to a tertiary care centre over a 2 year period was studied prospectively. Systematic investigation of samples of sputum and blood cultures was performed. A subset of patients had urine antigen tests and serum serology. Results: We enrolled 104 CAP suspected patients in the study group according to the BTS guidelines for CAP. Among these patient’s sputum AFB smear positivity was observed in 21 cases (20.19%). 18 (17.30%) patients turned out to be sputum gram stain positive, but their respective cultures didn’t show any growth. 65 (62.50%) of them turned out to be gram stain and culture positive for bacteriological aetiology. The Commonest cause for CAP among sputum and blood culture positive cases was Streptococcus pneumoniae (19/65) followed by, Klebsiella pneumoniae (17/65), Staphylococcus aureus (13/65), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8/65), Escherichia coli (4/65), Acinetobactor spp. (3/65). Conclusion: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of CAP in TB-prevalent areas. Our diagnostic index may help clinicians identify pulmonary TB cases immediately from CAP and initiate appropriate isolation and optimal treatment.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"179 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76259838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of UK Respiratory Conditions Research on Clinical Practice Guidelines from Other European Member States","authors":"E. Pallari","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000434","url":null,"abstract":"Background/objectives: Research on chronic non-communicable respiratory conditions is limited. This study assessed the impact of UK medical research on other European countries development of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), to evaluate the UK contribution to the evidence-base of European CPGs on chronic non-communicable respiratory conditions. Method: The UK contribution was determined on a fractional count basis to clinical guidelines’ citations: (1) from each of five selected (target) Member States (MS), namely France, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland; and (2) from the other 25 countries (the other 23 EU MS, plus Iceland and Norway). Results: There were 6,087 cited references on 52 clinical practice guidelines published from 21 European countries. The UK contribution varied between 11% and 17% for the five target EU MSs countries for all respiratory conditions clinical guidelines. There was more foreign collaboration research on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (33%) than asthma (25%) with results being statistically significant. Conclusions: The study showed the importance of UK medical research contribution to the evidence-base of respiratory clinical guidelines in other European MS. Notable differences between asthma and COPD, can inform research priorities and medical progression on respiratory conditions’ clinical management.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75908302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Aerosol Filtration Efficiency of a Respiratory Face Mask Equipped with Valve/Micro-Ventilator against Pathogen and Pollutant Penetration","authors":"S. SteveZhou, Salimatu Lukula, Cory Chiossone, R. Nims, D. Suchmann, M. K. Ijaz","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000432","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prevention of infection with airborne pathogens and exposure to airborne particulates and aerosols (environmental pollutants and allergens) can be facilitated through use of disposable face masks. The effectiveness of such masks for excluding pathogens and pollutants is a function of wearer compliance (and comfort) and the intrinsic ability of the masks to resist penetration by airborne contaminants. This study evaluated the relative contributions of mask, valve, and micro ventilator on aerosol filtration efficiency of a new respiratory face mask (Dettol PROTECT+Smart Mask Large size).Methods: Varying configurations of the test mask were challenged, using standardized methods, with environmental contaminants including influenza A and rhinovirus type 14, bacteriophage ΦΧ174, Staphylococcus aureus, and model pollutants. The statistical significance of results obtained for different challenge microbial agents and for different mask configurations was assessed.Results: The results demonstrate >99.7% efficiency of each test mask configuration for exclusion of influenza A virus, rhinovirus 14, and S. aureus and >99.3% efficiency for paraffin oil and sodium chloride (surrogates for PM2.5). Statistically significant differences in effectiveness of the different mask configurations were not identified. The efficiencies of the masks for excluding smaller-size (i.e., rhinovirus and bacteriophage ΦΧ174) vs. larger-size microbial agents (influenza virus, S. aureus) were not significantly different.Conclusions: The masks, with or without comfort-enhancing features, provide protection against both small- and large-size pathogens. Importantly, the mask appears to be highly efficient for filtration of pathogens, including influenza and rhinoviruses, as well as the fine particulates (<PM2.5) present in aerosols that represent a greater challenge for many types of dental and surgical masks. This, together with the multiple comfort-enhancing features of the test mask, render this individual-use mask an improvement over the former types of masks for protection against a variety of environmental contaminants including PM2.5 and pathogens such as influenza and rhinoviruses.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"44 5 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89556155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Pulmonary Artery Pressure on Trans-Thoracic ECHO in Comparison with Pressures Measured on Right Heart Catheterization in a Community Hospital","authors":"J. Hines, S. Avula, S. Gilani, A. Suneja, Zakir Sahu","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000429","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary hypertension is a condition with high morbidity and mortality. Trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is the screening test of choice for pulmonary hypertension, with right heart catheterization (RHC) used for confirmation or, if diagnostic suspicion persists despite a normal TTE. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 studies, TTE was found to have a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 72% for diagnosing pulmonary HTN, though there was heterogeneity between studies. Performance of TTE vs. RHC (gold standard) is unknown in a community hospital. In our retrospective review, 26 patients were included who had a TTE and RHC within 3 months of each other. Using statistical (t-tests and correlations) and graphical (Bland-Altman) methods, our results demonstrated a statistically significant association between RVSP and RAP measured on echocardiogram and RHC. At the same time, we found that echo measurements for RVSP and RAP tended to overestimate relative to the true value though overall the echo measurements were reliable in the sense of having low variability. In conclusion, our results suggest TTE is consistently biased in a positive direction compared to RHC. The main limitations of our study are the small sample size and the length of time between the TTE and RHC measurements.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74256890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Curious Case of Unresolving Pneumonia","authors":"D. Kilaru, An, W. Chua","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000421","url":null,"abstract":"Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), formerly known as Wegener’s Granulomatosis, is a rare multisystem autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. GPA is characterized by necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and pauciimmune vasculitis in small- and medium-sized blood vessels. Given its protean clinical manifestations, the diagnosis of GPA can be difficult to distinguish from infectious etiologies. Here we describe a case of GPA diagnosed based on a positive ANCA serology and endobronchial features which responded to treatment with only steroids.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"156 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73756659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation - A Case Report with Review of Literature","authors":"B. Aravind, Leenadevi Kokkuvayil, P. Arjun","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000420","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare hamartomatous lesion. There are five major clinicopathologic types, most of which are incompatible with life. We report a case of 75 year old man, who was relatively asymptomatic throughout his life till he was 74, and was diagnosed to have CPAM on investigations for chronic cough by open lung biopsy. A brief review of clinicopathologic features of various types of CPAM also done.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87447642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis on the physiological benefits and quality of life of muscle training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"E. Castro, L. B. Romero, Gerardo Alonso Araya Vargas, Luis Solano Mora","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000422","url":null,"abstract":"Justification: The existence of important peripheral muscular dysfunction contributes at very substantial manner to reduce the tolerance to exercise in a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. \u0000Methods: this was an exhaustive research on benefits of exercise training for a group of patients, thirteen studies were found (n=351), from these four were excluded studies. The analysis was done using the SPSS v 15.0, and Excel 2007, p<0.05 was considered the significance value. \u0000Results: the moderating variables that were meta-analysis were present in more than two experimental investigations. In total eight variables were found from which six variables showed significant effects (oxygen consumption, volume minute, heart rate, breathing rate, fatigue, dyspnea, emotional condition, six walking test). \u0000Two control groups were compared; heart rate and breathing rate had a significant effect in the group that did exercise. Another analysis assessed the type of training: muscle strength, aerobic resistance, or combination of both, including body part involved, no significant difference was found. \u0000In both comparisons the training type and the body part involved gives a significant effect. \u0000Conclusion: the types of training should be combined for upper and low limbs.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74040474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoporosis in COPD: Are Bones Brittle in COPD?","authors":"S. Bhat, M. M. Mir, P. Koul","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000417","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD is a systemic disease with predominant respiratory symptoms. Airflow obstruction has significant effects on cardiac function and gas exchange with systemic consequences. Various extra pulmonary effects include, Skeletal muscle wasting and cachexia, ischemic heart disease, heart failure including left sided heart failure, osteoporosis, Normocytic anemia, lung cancer, depression etc. Osteoporosis becomes more prevalent in COPD patients as the disease progresses. Present study is a case-control study that was conducted by department of Internal and pulmonary medicine. Patients diagnosed with COPD based on ATS guidelines and staged based on GOLD guidelines that were following as an outpatient in pulmonary clinic of SKIMS were selected for the study. Total of sixty patients of COPD were taken and were compared with one hundred twenty age and sex matched controls. In current study we found no significant correlation between osteoporosis and smoking, although smoking is clearly a risk factor for both osteoporosis and COPD.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80628631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study on Epidemiology of Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","authors":"J. Akhila, Sreeleksmi Mv, V. Mahender","doi":"10.4172/2161-105X.1000418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-105X.1000418","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic respiratory disease which majorly includes Asthma and Chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease that may account for an estimated burden of about 100 million individuals in India. There were only few studies from India on the field of epidemiology of Asthma and COPD. The prevalence rates for both disorders reported in different studies have widely varied. In phase-I of the observational study on epidemiology of Asthma and COPD was conducted at a chest clinic. Population prevalence of Asthma and COPD in all age groups was reported and analyzed. In phase-II of observational study a standardized and validated questionnaire was used employing auniform methodology in all patients. The main objective of this project is to find differences in the epidemiology of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including in the prevalence rates and other casual variables (age, gender, residence, occupation), if any, in different places in a Chest Clinic. And also to assess the influence of exposure to tobacco smoking, ETS (Environmental tobacco smoke) and other risk factors, on the prevalence of both Asthma and COPD.","PeriodicalId":90449,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pulmonary and respiratory medicine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77105917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}