Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Magnitude and Determinants of Non Communicable Disease and Its Contributing Factors in Medical Ward of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital, South Western, Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Gudisa Bereda, Gemechis Bereda","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1147","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Non-communicable diseases are defined as diseases or conditions, which affect individuals over an extended period of time (years, decades or even an entire lifetime) and for which there are no known causative agents that are transmitted from one affected individual to another. Noncommunicable diseases are a major global problem. Objective: To find out magnitude and determinants of non-communicable disease and its contributing factors in medical ward of Mettu Karl Referral Hospital. Methods: A prospective observational study design was conducted from April 23/2021 to June 24/2021. Data was collected through employing structured questioner, and then the collected data was coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 25.0-version statistical software. A test of association was done using binary and multiple logistic regressions. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Findings: The overall prevalence of non-communicable disease in medical ward was 288 (68.2%).Hypertension was the commonest type of noncommunicable disease 41.71% followed by diabetes mellitus 41.5%. Regarding body mass index majority 153 (36.3%) of patients were normal (18.5-24.9 kg/m²) and least 57 (13.5%) of the patients were underweight (<18.5kg/m²). Age, every khat chewers, every alcohol drinkers, BMI ≥thirty kg/m², biochemical risk factors (obesity, high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, low density lipoprotein, and comorbidity were significantly predictors of non-communicable diseases). Conclusion and Recommendation: Majority of patients had physical activity ten minutes per day, had sedentary lifestyle ten to thirty hours per week, were walking ten to thirty hours/per week, and above half of patients were use salt always/usually. Health care workers should have teach the patients how to prevent non-communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48408235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Flavonoids: Potential Role against COVID-19","authors":"Mu Lv","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1146","url":null,"abstract":"The Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread all over the globe and emerged as one of the most threatening transmissible disease. The infection can cause an acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with a systemic immune response and inflammation. Up to now, there is no specific drugs available for its treatment. Flavonoids are important natural polyphenolic compounds widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It has been demonstrated the potential role of these metabolites in the modulation of signaling pathways particularly those related to inflammation and immunity. This review focuses on the anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoids and their effectiveness as possible therapeutic options to fight SARS-COV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46212235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Controlled Released LDH-Curcumin Nanocomposite Via Intramuscular Implantation, In-Vivo Study","authors":"R. Mahmoud, N. Safwat, M. Fathy, N. Mohamed, S. El-Dek, H. El-banna, A. Farghali, El-Ela Fia","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1145","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common problems in wounds is delayed healing and complications such as infection. Therefore, the need for novel materials accelerates the healing of wounds especially abdominal wounds after surgery besides high efficiency and safety is mandatory. The rate of wound healing, anti-inflammatory and biocompatibility of Zn-Al LDH alone and loaded with Curcumin was screened via in-vivo assays through intramuscular implantation in rat abdominal wall with intact peritoneum cavity. The implanted drugs were formed through Curcumin loaded into LDH of Zn-Al with drug release of 56.78 ±1.51% within 24 h. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscope and BET surface area. The integrity of blood circulation, inflammatory signs, wound healing rate, capacity of tissue integration, antigenicity and composite biocompatibility, auto fluorescence ability of collagen bundles and the tensile strength of the muscle were assessed histopathologically after 7 and 30 days post-implantation. Excellent wound healing ability was achieved with shortest length between the wound gap edges and higher tensile strength of the muscle. Besides emit florescence very well followed by good healing and tensile muscles strength in Curcumin while very low strength with scar formation in Curcumin-Zn/Al-LDH in both acute and chronic wound. No signs of inflammation in Curcumin & Zn-Al LDH. No vessels obstruction or bleeding observed in both Zn/Al-LDH and Curcumin more than nanocurcumin and control which examined through candling. Good healing & infiltrated immune cells in same groups through histopathological examination. This work supports the anti-inflammatory, wound healing and biocompatibility of both LDH and Curcumin with living matter, increasing their biomedical applications in this era with safety and increasing efficacy with prolonged drug release.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47065645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytochrome C and COI Sequence of O.laetus Review","authors":"Mazhar Mw, A. Raza, M. Sikandar, J. Mahmood, S. Saif, N. Waqas, H. Tahir, F. Mazhar","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1142","url":null,"abstract":"The COI sequence of O.laetus was submitted to the Genbank database holding an accession number HQ908084 (Figure1). The amino acid sequence of the corresponding COI gene was also updated under the accession number ADZ05746, which turned out to contain 222 amino acids. Base statistics of the O.laetus COI are presented in Figure 2. It can be seen from the table that the fragment is rich in AT content as expected with thymine occurring most frequently followed by the others in the order A, C & G. The AT% stood at 67.2 in comparison to GC% at 32.8. The protein entry was subjected to family confirmation by searching the InterProScan database and the results indicate a very high and significant match confirming our sequence to be a part of Cytochrome C.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44103969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Therapeutic Adherence of Oral Antidiabetics in Insulin-Dependent Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: the Combination of a Fixed-Dose","authors":"S. Márquez-Rivero, Compliance, E. Márquez-Contreras, L. López-García-Ramos, C. Castaño-Durán, A. Marcos-Sánchez, Pérez-Espinosa, P. Orte-Navarro, Weber Am, A. Gil-Cañete, Gil-Guillén","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1141","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess whether the combination of fixed-dose Oral Antidiabetic drugs (OA) in a single tablet compared to OA separated into 2 or more tablets is an effective strategy to improve adherence in insulin-dependent patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2). Methods: This was a prospective, longitudinal, multi-center study, carried out in 3 primary care centers in Spain. One hundred and twenty patients treated with OA and insulin prescribed for insulin-dependent DM2 were included. A cluster randomization was performed based on two groups: (1) Control Group (CG): Sixty patients treated with two OA prescribed separately in different tablets, and (2) an Intervention Group (IG): Sixty patients treated with OA were with 2 drugs in combination at a fixed dose, in a single tablet. Three visits took place. AO Adherence was measured by using electronic monitors (MEMS). Average adherence percentage (%; Average AP) and daily compliance (%; Daily AP) was calculated. A patient was considered adherent when AP was 80–100%. Insulin adherence was measured by counting. Results: One hundred and ten patients completed the study (79 in the IG and 31 in the CG). Global adherence was 92,59% and 79,62% in IG and 82,85% and 48,21% in CG at 6 and 12 months, respectively (p<0.05 by groups). Daily adherence was 79,62% and 62,96% in IG and 17,85% and 10,71% in CG at 6 and 12 months, respectively (p<0.05). Global adherence with insulin by count was 77,78% and 70,37% in IG and 57,14% and 60,71% in CG at 6 and 12 months, respectively with significant differences. In the non-adherent group, the number of concomitant medications and glucemia and haemoglobin A glycosylate levels at 6 and 12 months, were significantly higher than in the adherent population. The NNT was 4,42 patients to prevent one non-adherence. Conclusions: The combination of fixed-dose OA in a single tablet compared to OA separated into 2 or more tablets is an effective strategy to improve AO therapeutic adherence in patients with insulin-dependent DM2.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41903736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of KUP/HAK/KT Potassium Transporter Gene Family in Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) and Its Phylogenetic Analysis","authors":"Mazhar Mw, Batool Ms, Saleem T, M. J, S. S, Waqas N, T. H., Mazhar F","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1140","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium is essential macronutrient of plant. It is uptaken by plant through channels and transporters. Plants specie genomes contains a number of KUP/ HAK/KT transporters having the primary function to mediate K+ fluxes. In this study,we have identified 13 gene members of KUP/HAK/KT transporter gene family. In most of the plant species, these genes have been characterized but uncharacterized in D. carota. This study has been done to identify KUP/HAK/KT gene family in D. carota plant species to study its phylogeny. This gene family is important for potassium uptake and play an important role in translocation, osmotic potential regulation, plant development and growth. Different tools like MEGA 7.0.21, pfam, SMART and NCBI-BLASTp has been used to characterize the gene family. This study covers the phylogeny and evolution of KUP/HAK/KT transporters in D. carota with reference to A. thaliana.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43768522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Health, Testosterone, and Oxandrolone: Leveraging the Myotrophic-Androgenic Ratio in Males with a Sarcopenic Obese Phenotype","authors":"Nashawi M, Ahmed Ms, A. M., I. O., A. M","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1139","url":null,"abstract":"Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (AAS) are a group of organic compounds that include testosterone, or related compounds that induce similar effects by serving as structural analogues. Because of their propensity to induce gene expression that promotes protein synthesis, increased lean body mass, and strength, they have found utility in medicine to aide patients with chronic wasting syndromes, deficiencies in growth stature, and trauma recovery (e.g., burns). Contemporary off-label use of these classes of agents are also being used in anti-aging capacities under clinical supervision, and those with cardiovascular deficits related to metabolic derangement. Nevertheless, as hormones, testosterone and its analogues have systemic effects and their glut can be deleterious to global organs, namely the heart. Chronic utilization of these agents can be seen in domains of competitive physical activities given their performance enhancing effects. Associated with this abuse in particular have been ubiquitous clinical accounts of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), chronic hypertension, dyslipidemia, and left ventricular remodeling given the pleiotropic effects of testosterone and its analogues. One agent in particular, oxandrolone, a synthetic AAS, has an interesting profile as it has a biological disposition to more anabolic and metabolic effects compared to other AAS, with less profuse androgenic properties. There has been evidence to show that even oxandrolone supplementation may show promise in improving peripheral homeostasis conducive to positive cardiovascular health, especially in obese patients with features of metabolic syndrome, a condition related to endocrinological dysfunction and aberrant adiposity. In this commentary we will review the effects of this AAS with a commentary on cardiovascular physiology constructed around translational biology and clinical data. Commentaries such as the latter are scant in the literature and offer perspectives crucial to understanding the intersections between habitus, physiologic status, and the heart. Overall, oxandrolone shows promise related to its pharmacology in patients with low muscle tone and significant adiposity, namely cardiometabolic profiles if administered with clinical prudence due to its novel structure, metabolism, and effects.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42060500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Trends in Industrial Biotechnology","authors":"S. Saif, Mazhar Mw, M. Sikandar, N. Waqas, A. Ijaz","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1138","url":null,"abstract":"White biotechnology, also known as, industrial biotechnology has been skyrocketing in commercial markets because of the production of useful industrial products by using microorganisms. Today, microorganisms are being used for the production of commercially useful products, such as biofuels, pulp and paper, food, textile and detergents. To diversify the economical values, industrial biotechnology is making use of “genetically modified organisms” to enhance the efficiency of products [1]. Industrial biotechnology focuses on the production of the following products (Figure 1). Figure 1: Industrial Biotechnology. Biofuel production Biofuel production focuses on limiting greenhouse gas emission to prevent global warming, and making the environment clean of any pollution. Ethanol fuel is the most commonly used biofuel, produced by the fermentation of ethanol. Ethanol is produced by the yeast fermentation of cassava, potato, corn, and sugarcane. The production of biofuels is of economic value in agriculture sectors, thus promoting agriculture development in both rural and urban areas. Biofuels has taken over the industrial biotechnology agenda in recent years. The year 2005 has been regarded as the peak point for biofuels.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44758262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Just Role of Anti Diabetic Plants as Traditional Medicines","authors":"Mazhar Mw, Raza A, Sikandar M, M. J, S. S, Waqas N, T. H., Mazhar F","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1137","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is one of the serious metabolic disorders occurred due to the imbalance of glucose level because of damaged pancreatic β-cells and lower production of insulin in body. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (TD1) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (TD2) are main types of diabetes. Major portion of the world is suffering from Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs used for diabetes are insulin, biguanides, sulfonylurea and inhibitors for a-glucosidase. Traditional medicines are under trial to reduce diabetic complications with no/minimum side effects. Many antidiabetic plants are under potential research i.e. strawberry, jamun, mulberry, fenugreek, turmeric, black pepper, garlic, ginger, grapefruit, and cinnamon. All of these have antidiabetic potential. These plants have bioactive compounds present in minute amounts. These compounds act against inflammation, diabetes, bacteria, fungi, other microbial infections, and obesity. These plants have antioxidant potential as well. Through HPLC “High- Performance Liquid Chromatography” screening, the compounds identified were caffeic acid, isoquercetin, kaempferol and other flavonoids. These compounds showed hypoglycemic activity. They are responsible for the increased uptake of glucose by the adipose and muscle tissues due to the activation of specific receptors i.e. PPARa “Peroxisome Proliferatoractivated Receptors a” and PPARγ (Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ). These activate the enzymes like glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase. Glutathione peroxidase inhibits the a-amylase then a-glucosidase lower glucose level. Effect of phytochemicals present in antidiabetic plants were studied in vitro and in vivo in animal models by inducing diabetes in them by streptozotocin, alloxan and diet on diabetic patients. Types of phytochemical compounds and their composition vary due to environmental factors, extraction and separation techniques which can have effect on clinical analysis. Bioavailability of oral drugs was also studied synergistically with these plants. Synthetic drugs, if are used with these natural compounds, they have no harmful effect but increase effectiveness. These herbal medications are more preferable, safe to use and cost effective due to which it is easily affordable by people. This review report covers the impact of these plants on diabetes mellitus reported so far.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the Gut Dysbiosis as a Treatment for Alcoholic Liver Disease","authors":"Shaikh Gm, Gupta Gl","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1136","url":null,"abstract":"Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) originates due to heavy and uncontrolled drinking of alcohol. It is one of the most prevalent mental disorders, which predominantly affects men globally. In the review article alcohol use disorders and several risk factors like gender, drinking habit, genetic differences, and obesity Hepatitis C virus has been described for the provocation of intestinal dysbiosis. Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) is a spectrum of diseases from steatohepatitis to Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). Due to dysbiosis, there are microbial changes also taking place in the liver and it further worsens the conditions. Treatment involves treating gut dysbiosis and altered balance of the micro-organism. The treatment strategy of ALD may also involve a non-dietary approach or dietary approach or by microbiota modulation.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41905488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}