Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics最新文献

{"title":"Genome Wide Characterization & Phylogenetic Analysis of TNF Genes in Homo Sapiens","authors":"S. Saif, Mazhar Mw, M. Sikandar, N. Waqas, J. Mahmood, H. Aslam, M. Abaidullah, A. Ijaz","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1134","url":null,"abstract":"Tumor Necrosis Factor is very important inflammatory signaling unit that do an important role in immune system. It functions by attachment and stimulation of different receptor’s Cysteine Rich Domains (CDRs). A number of TNF receptors mediated factors have been identified having a major role in signal transduction pathways of TNF gene family. There are about 18 TNF homologues that are identified as a major cause of many disorders like cancer, Diabetes, AIDS and many other lethal inflammations. In this study the genome wide identification of TNF gene was done. Different tools and databases were used. Identification of conserved domains was done by using pfam and homology analysis showed that the TNF might be a member of TRAFs superfamily. Structural analysis of gene showed the number of introns and exons by a three-dimensional structure of TNF gene. The TNF gene family's exon-intron structure was found to be very similar in this study. The distribution of genes across chromosomes, on the other hand, was extremely varied. Collectively, the newly discovered genes can provide a wealth of information for manipulating the TNF genome to develop drugs and strategies to treat a variety of diseases.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44079759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicinal Functions of Physalis Fruits for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Abdel-Fattah Wi, Ceramics Refractories, Elliot Gt","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1135","url":null,"abstract":"Drug innovation using natural products is an interesting mission for planning new leads. It describes the bioactive compounds resulting from natural resources, characterization and pharmacological examination. It emphases on the triumph of these resources in the process of finding and realizing new and effective drug compounds that can be beneficial for human resources. For medicinal devotions and for the progress of pharmaceutical substances, medicinal plants were used such as Physalis angulata L which is a medicinal plant used for numerous therapies including wound healing (Figure 1) [1]. Figure 1: Physalis angulata L Fruits within its cover [16]. Physalis peruviana (golden berry) is an herbaceous annual plant belongs to the family Solanaceae [2]. This plant has a tremendous medicinal value for curing out different diseases: cancer, leukemia, diabetes, ulcers, malaria, asthma, hepatitis, dermatitis, rheumatism and several other diseases [3]. The golden berry fruit tastes like a sweet tomato and includes high levels of vitamin C, vitamin A and the vitamin B-complex. The fruit was demonstrated to have both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties [4,5]. Herbal specialists and local people of several countries have used many extracts of medicinal plants to achieve and treat various diseases comprising wound healing [6]. Physalis with its notable benefits related to high nutrients and bioactive compounds with extraordinary antioxidant activity and other several medicinal properties have been ascribed to these compounds [7,8]. The bioactive compounds are formed as primary and secondary metabolites of the fruits. These compounds are biologically active with cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, tranquilizing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and contraceptive actions, among others. Such compounds are used for several dedications, such as in medical therapy, to cure diseases, in the cosmetics, and in the food industry as antioxidants or flavorings [9]. Wounds are well-defined as a break in the cellular integrity of the anatomic continuousness of a tissue generally because of a chemical, microbial, physical or thermal injury [10]. Recently, wounds have become a very exciting pathological problem. Abdul-Nasir-Deen et al., explored the anti- inflammatory and wound healing properties of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata L [11]. They indicated that such extract possesses anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity which may justify its medicinal uses in the treatment of wounds. The PAL formulated cream at several concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% w/v verified wound healing properties with obvious angiogenesis, collagenation and re-epithelization distinctive of fibrous tissue formation in wound bed [12] as presented in Figure 2. Figure 2: Therapeutic effect of methanol leaf extract of Physalis angulata on carrageenan- induced oedema in rats. A) Time-course curve; B) Area under the curve of carrageenan in","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41414492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus Interferes with Candida albicans Adherence and Biofilm Formation: A Potential Alternative Treatment of Candidiasis","authors":"Ribeiro Fc, Brazil Unesp, Barros Pp, Jorge Aoc, I. Mc, Santos Ssf, Leão Mvp","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1133","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to evaluate the ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, on different preparations (living lactobacilli, dead by heat lactobacilli and supernatant of lactobacilli suspension), to interfere with Candida albicans adherence to ephitelial cells and biofilm formation. The results showed a reduction of 66.2% in the number of Candida cells adhered to epithelial cells, when the suspension of living L. rhamnosus was used. On the same way, this suspension reduced the in vitro biofim formation by C. albicans. In conclusion, the suspension with living cells of L. rhamnosus was able to reduce the ability of C. albicans to adhere on ephitelial cells and to form biofilm, suggesting a potential use of this probiotic bacteria as a therapeutic agent in candidiasis.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43091265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcellular Injury of ASMEs Involves in the Genesis of Refractory Hypotension in Severe Shock","authors":"K. Zhao","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1131","url":null,"abstract":"The Refractory Hypotension (RH) leads to severe hypoperfusion which results in vital organ failure and death. It has been shown that one of the main reasons for RH is Arteriolar Smooth Muscle Cell (ASMC) hyperpolarization, which results in the inhibition of L-type calcium channel and Ca2+ influx after vasoconstrictor stimulation, that finally leads to refractory hypotension during severe shock. The activation of KATP channels by depletion of intracellular ATP content causes ASMC hyperpolarization. It is usually recognized that the depletion of ATP content originates from microcirculatory disturbance and refractory hypotension is only a functional problem of ASMC with treatment using vasopressors, and no morphological changes of smooth muscle cell were reported in RH. This review shows that mitochondrial damage is another important reason for depletion of ATP level and that protection of mitochondrial dysfunction can increase the blood pressure and survival rate during severe shock, which indicated that subcellular injury of ASMCs is involved in the genesis of refractory hypotension. Protecting and repairing ASMC subcellular injury is a new approach to treatment of severe shock.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44943873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Architecting and Tailoring of Cell Repair Molecular Machinery: Molecule-by-Molecule and Atom-by-Atom","authors":"R. Kumar","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1128","url":null,"abstract":"In cell, any breakdown in cellular (metabolic and anabolic) process because of diseases or disorders, immediately effect functioning of cell and interrupt life, art of healing (medicine) repairs cell to regain its normal functioning as earlier it was. Adverse environmental conditions responsible for damage and exceed the maintenance time of repair in cell, or insufficient repair in functioning of metabolic pathways, leads apoptosis. The endoplasmic reticulum, ER, membrane allows molecules to be selectively processed and transferred inside and outside of the cell though double-layered nuclear envelope, with the help of a pipeline between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, as well as its close association with nucleus to have a check on ribosomal translation through, a several-step process, for maintaining cellular health. Consequently, to penetrate ER equipped with such highly specific qualities, there is need to architecture and tailor of such a refined and accurate healing procedure will work selectively, effectively and precisely: molecule-by-molecule and atomby-atom [1]. For the discovery of molecular machinery capable to do repair at cellular level, an engineered architecturing and well-designed tailoring methodology must applied strategically for such task by implementing research experiences of interdisciplinary areas i.e. Drug Design and Synthesis, Cell Transport Mechanism, Nanomedicine, Molecular Modeling, Computational (Chemistry, Nanotechnology, and Spectroscopy), Atmospheric Stress, Apoptotic Pathways and Mitochondrial Involvement, DNA Damage Pathway, Toxicology, and Clinical Pharmacology). Theoretically designed machines, nanorobots, are quite feasible and will perform with the ability of repair molecule-by-molecule or atom-by-atom in cells wherein metabolic proceedings are not proper by any means. Molecules have a size, a shape, a fairly well-defined surface, and mechanical properties with the quality of natural progression which are helpful in designing, architecting and tailoring of molecular machines as smart materials [2]. The use of highly specific characterization technologies i.e. computational spectroscopy, Single-molecule localization microscopy, atomic spectroscopy: molecular spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy and emission spectroscopy will play a key role in architecturing and tailoring of molecular machinery [3]. In nature, such molecular machinery within the natural cells persist with capacity to repair damaged cell organelles, rebuilt it, formed new cell and reassembled them. With the deeper understanding of such natural systems, feasibility of new machinery may tested with urgent efforts for designing, architecting and tailoring such frameworks particularly with the capability to repairing cells as molecule-bymolecule or atom-by-atom as demanded by cell repair and matched with necessities. Our efforts will fruitful to design new avenues after the exploitation of all resources where architecting, tailoring and manufactur","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Co-Administration of Omeprazole and Clopidogrel and Cardiovascular Outcomes","authors":"Azab An, Shmulevich E, Gilutz H, Shvartsur R, Friger M","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.2021.1126","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To examine whether co-administration of clopidogrel and omeprazole affects the clinical outcomes of clopidogrel treatment. Design and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 4078 patients after a percutaneous coronary intervention and stent implantation. Seven hundred twenty-three clopidogrel-treated patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included: 318 treated only with clopidogrel; 405 treated with clopidogrel and omeprazole (study group). The interaction between the drugs was examined in relation to adverse clinical outcomes such as all-cause mortality, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) and cardiac hospitalizations during one year. Results: No significant difference was detected between the groups regarding the primary outcomes of the study. Regression models adjusted to basic characteristics and clinical variables showed a significant association between the study group and the primary outcomes through interactions with specific covariates: “all-cause mortality” through interaction with the covariate ethnicity (not-Jewish) (OR = 43.12, 95% CI 1.19-1567.8, P = 0.04), “MACE” through interaction with the covariates gender (female) and complicated angioplasty (OR= 9.36, 95% CI 2.04-42.94, P= 0.04); and “cardiac hospitalizations” through interaction with the covariates extent of artery stenosis and hypertension (OR= 2.65, 95% CI 1.043-6.76, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Addition of omeprazole to clopidogrel may be associated with increased incidence of negative clinical outcomes, including death and MACE. These findings underscore the need for conduction of prospective randomized controlled trials that will examine the association between addition of omeprazole to clopidogrel and the incidence of clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46993889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Selected Diets/Xanthone Derivatives on Morphotic Image of Bone Marrow and Other Tissues","authors":"Bubrowska N, Wojtanowska-Krosniak A, Barbara T, Prochownik E, Monika P, Henryk M M, Zelaszczyk D, W. Ma, Miroslaw K","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2020.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2020.1120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The diet as well as some xanthone derivatives can influence the processes occurring in the bone marrow, which is a hematopoietic organ and plays an important role in the immune system. Changes in the proportions of individual cell lines may lead to illnesses such as anemia or blood coagulation disorders. Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the effect of selected xanthone derivatives and high-fat diet on the morphological construction of individual cell lines in the bone marrow (erythrocyte line, myeloblastic line, monocytic line, megakaryocytic line, lymphoid line). Material and Methods: The studies were carried out on 4 groups of CD1 mice (n = 10): control (c), diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (f) and two derivatives of xanthone (gr. 1 and 2). Five-week-old animals received a standard or an enriched in fat diet for another 5 weeks. After decapitation of animals the bone marrow smear was prepared. The stained preparations were observed under a microscope and hematopoietic cells were counted. Results: Based on the results and preliminary statistical treatment, it was found that there is a relationship between the diet used and changes in the proportion of cells of particular hematopoietic lines. The strongest changes were observed in the number of lymphocytes. The control group has statistically significantly more, compared to the group receiving the fat diet. It was also found that there is a relationship between the dietary xanthone derivatives used and the changes in the proportion of cells of particular hematopoietic lines. Conclusion: The use of a high-fat diet and xanthone derivatives can have a significant impact on the change in the number of lymphocytes in the bone marrow.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47890476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra) active Phytochemicals Against Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)","authors":"D. Maurya","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-26480/v1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-26480/v1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus emerged from Wuhan, China in December 2019. It has spread to more than 205 countries and become pandemic now. Currently, there are no FDA approved drugs or vaccines available and hence several studies are going on in search of suitable drug that can target viral proteins or host receptor for the prevention and management of COVID-19. The search for plant-based anti-viral agents against the SARS-CoV-2 is promising because several of plants have been shown to possess anti-viral activities against different viruses. Here, we used molecular docking approach to explore the use of Indian Ayurvedic herbs, Yashtimadhu in prevention and management of COVID-19. In the present study we have evaluated the effectiveness of phytochemicals found in Yashtimadhu against Main Protease (Mpro), Spike (S) protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 as well as human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and furin protease. Apart from this, we have also performed in-silico drug-likeness and predicted pharmacokinetics of the selected phytochemicals found in the Yashtimadhu. Our study shows that several phytochemicals found in this plant have potential to bind with important proteins of SARS-CoV-2 which are essential for viral infection and replication. Overall our study provides scientific basis in terms of binding of active ingredients present in Yashtimadhu with SARS-CoV-2 target proteins. Our docking studies reveal that Yashtimadhu may inhibit the viral severity by interfering with viral entry as well as its multiplication in the infected persons. Thus Yashtimadhu may be helpful in the prevention and management of the COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45534581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Distance Dispersal of Prototaxites stellaviatori Fungal Spores and Their Potential for Mediating Conveyance","authors":"L. Zimmerman","doi":"10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.1110.2019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/AUSTINJPHARMACOLTHER.1110.2019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42309016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gemfibrozil and Nigella Sativa: Comparison","authors":"Shaher Murad, Durreshehwar Marwat, A. Qudoos, A. M","doi":"10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2019.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2019.1109","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperlipidemia especially LDL-cholesterol may lead to development of coronary artery disease causing morbidity or mortality due to cardiac arrhythmias. Conventional hypolipidemic drugs have unwanted effects. Herbal therapy for Hyperlipidemia is getting attention due to their less frequent side effects. In this study we have compared hypolipidemic effects of Gemfibrozil with Nigella sativa. Seventy five hyperlipidemic patients from Jinnah Hospital Lahore were enrolled for study. After getting consent all patients were divided in three groups comprising 25 patients in each group. Group 1 was on Nigella sativa, group 2 was on Gemfibrozil and third group was on placebo therapy. They were advised to take drugs for two months. After completion of study pretreatment and post treatment values of LDL cholesterol were analyzed statistically. In Nigella sativa group LDL cholesterol decreased from 191.14±3.45 to 159.40±2.98 mg/dl, means 31.7 mg/dl LDL reduction was observed when compared with placebo group. In Gemfibrozil group of patients LDL cholesterol decreased from 197.77±3.91 mg/dl to 159.62±2.20 mg/dl, means LDL reduction in mean values was 38.2 mg/dl, when compared with placebo group. These changes are highly significant with p-values of ‹0.001. We concluded from this study that herbal medicine Nigella sativa is as effective as traditionally used hypolipidemic drug Gemfibrozil.","PeriodicalId":90448,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of pharmacology and therapeutics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48466646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}