{"title":"Effects of High-Fat Feeding on Expression of Genes Regulating Fatty-1 Acid Metabolism in Hearts of Pregnant C57BL/6 Mice","authors":"Dudick K, Chen C, Shoemaker R","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2023.1103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2023.1103","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular complications in pregnancy increase risk for subsequent heart disease, suggesting adverse events during pregnancy may permanently alter maternal heart health. The heart undergoes physiologic hypertrophy with pregnancy, which is distinct from pathological remodeling associated with obesity. We previously demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet, a model of diet-induced obesity, had attenuated cardiac hypertrophy with pregnancy compared to low-fat controls, associated concentric remodeling. Dual effects of pregnancy and obesity on cardiac metabolism during hypertrophy have not been studied. We investigated whether expression of genes regulating fatty acid metabolism in the heart were altered in pregnant mice fed a high-fat diet. The Nanostring Metabolic Pathways Panel and nCounter analysis system was used to quantify individual mRNA transcripts of genes regulating fatty acid metabolism from the left ventricles of pregnant and non-pregnant female C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat or control low-fat diet. Pregnancy increased expression of genes regulating fatty acid transport (Cd36, Slc27a1, Cpt1b) and β-oxidation (Acaa2, Acadl, Acox1, Ehhadh, Mlycd), but the effect was observed in low-fat mice only. Increases in gene expression with high-fat feeding were pronounced in non-pregnant mice, but effects not additive with pregnancy. Further, three genes with functions related to energy metabolism (Glul, Mat2a, Ogdhl,) were increased in low fat–fed pregnant mice only. Obesity during pregnancy may “max out” cardiac fatty acid utilization through upregulation of transporters and oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, and also downregulate metabolic pathways essential to cardiac adaptation. These 48 results suggest pre-existing obesity could disrupt cardiac physiologic remodeling during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85769538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flow-Mediated Dilation Can be used as an Indicator for Assessing Severity and Deaths by Covid-19 at the Initial Hours of Hospitalization","authors":"Oliveira Mr, Goulart Cl, Back Gd, Silva Ab","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1100","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD) in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 will assist with regard to early identification of markers at the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the early evaluation of simple markers, obtained at the bedside before the most serious manifestations are already installed, can help health professionals to act preventively to save lives, direct care in the initial stage of infection, helping in the prognosis and diagnosis. Given the importance and relevance of this technique in this population at this time and the need to better understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 as well as its damage to the endothelium, we performed an evaluation of FMD in different severity of COVID-19 in recently hospitalized patients. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups according to the severity of COVID- 19. The results provide new evidence that patients with COVID-19 classified as severe/critical have greater endothelial dysfunction and that FMD may be a simple marker, helping in the prognosis and diagnosis and, consequently, in the prevention of thrombotic events.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76220446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serum Inflammatory Cytokines and Peritoneal Dialysis in Infants with Acute Renal Failure Following Open Heart Surgery","authors":"L. Y, M. Y, M. Y, Zhai M, L. l, J. P., Yang J","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Acute Renal Failure (ARF) is a common complication after open heart surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) because of the capillary leak syndrome. Peritoneal Dialysis (PD) has been widely used to treat ARF after CPB. In this study, the clearance of inflammatory cytokines of PD in infants with ARF following open heart surgery was investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine infants with ARF following open heart surgery who underwent PD were divided into survival and nonsurvival groups. Clinical records were reviewed to document clinical features, operative procedures, and perioperative courses. The serum inflammatory cytokine levels, including those of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10, were measured perioperatively. Results: There was no difference in the preoperative characters between the 2 groups. Longer CPB time, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration from surgery to the beginning of PD, and higher central venous pressure appeared in the nonsurvival group. The serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly higher in the nonsurvival group than in the survival group before PD and on PD 1 day, PD 4 days, and PD 7 days, respectively. The serum concentrations of IL-10 were higher in the nonsurvival group than in the survival group on PD day 4 and PD day 7, respectively. There were no significant differences of TNF-a between the 2 groups during the perioperative period and PD. Conclusion: PD could eliminate inflammatory cytokines effectively in patients with mild ARF after open heart surgery.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83497852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Percutaneous Therapy of Functional Interrupted Aortic Arch with 3-1 Dimensional Printing Guidance","authors":"M. Y, L. L, Zhai M, M. Y, J. P., L. Y, Yang J","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1097","url":null,"abstract":"Functional interrupted aortic arch is a congenital malformation characterized by a complete separation between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta. Untreated patients are in danger of having late complications including cerebral hemorrhage, aneurysm formation, and aortic regurgitation. Traditionally, classical surgical therapies included bypass grafting or orthotopic repair. Herein, we report a simplified percutaneous therapy for functional interrupted aortic arch with a retrograde crossing technique and without an incremental-sized expandable balloon. With the guidance of 3-dimensional printing, percutaneous treatment with a covered stent is a feasible, safe, and effective alternative to surgery with excellent short- and midterm results in selected patients with favorable anatomy.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90336002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fatal Coronary Air Embolism during Positive Pressure Ventilation","authors":"Zahidi Ha, B. B, Arous S, B. G, Habbal R","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1096","url":null,"abstract":"We report the case of a 29 years old patient brought to emergency after a road traffic accident. His blood pressure was 138/78 mmHg, pulse 119/min, respiratory rate at 24/min and Glasgow coma scale at 6/15. The patient was put on mechanical ventilation then transferred to the intensive care unit. A body CT scan was performed which found multiple hemorraghic contusions and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the head. Lower right limb x-rays showed a mid diaphyseal femur fracture which then was surgically treated. 7 days after surgery, the patient suddenly developed hypotension, sinus tachycardia and acute respiratory distress. What is the most likely diagnosis at this stage?. Considering the patient condition, the most likely diagnosis was massive pulmonary embolism. Thorax CT scan was immediately performed which found coronary air embolism in circumflex artery as shown in figure 1. The high sensibility troponin level was 8900 ng/l. Barotrauma has been estimated to occur in 0.5-38% of critically ill patients [1]. Systemic and eventually coronary gas embolism associated with positive pressure ventilation has been considered a rare, but catastrophic complication of mechanical ventilation associated with a high mortality rate.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84633028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enormous Pulmonary Arteries and a Late Diagnosis of a Common Congenital Cardiac Issue: A Case Report","authors":"Murphy G, S. P","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1095","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Noonan’s syndrome is the second most common congenital cardiac syndrome after Down syndrome. Classically it is associated with pulmonary stenosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), and Atrial Septal Defects (ASD). Late presentations, milder phenotypes and atypical presentations can occur in adult life and have cardiovascular implications. Case Summary: A 62-year-old presented to the emergency department with chest pain and atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate and RBBB morphology. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a massive Pulmonary Artery (PA), concerning for pulmonary hypertension and an atrial septal defect (ASD). Right heart catheterization indicated enormous coronary artery ectasia but normal PA pressures and wedge pressures. He was identified as a late presentation of Noonan’s syndrome on subsequent genetic testing. Discussion: Some series indicate a prevalence of 1 in 100 for mild Noonan’s syndrome phenotypes, highlighting the importance of understanding its cardiac presentations. In this case, we present a man with minimal symptoms but gross pathologies of his pulmonary and coronary arteries. Furthermore, pulmonary artery dilatation without pulmonary valve pathology has not been reported in the literature, and only a few reports of coronary artery ectasia are reported.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78041824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Codjo Lh, Dohou Shm, Attinsounon Ca, Houndjo Wd, Amegan Hn, Biaou Coa, G. Rg, Hounkponou Jb, Setondji Fk, Tchounja R, Agbanglan H, Dossou Ad, Ahounou E, Kpanou G, A. S., Hounkpatin Bb, Houenassi Md
{"title":"Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Complications and Mortality in Patients with Covid-19 Treated at Care Sites in Benin between 2020 and 2021","authors":"Codjo Lh, Dohou Shm, Attinsounon Ca, Houndjo Wd, Amegan Hn, Biaou Coa, G. Rg, Hounkponou Jb, Setondji Fk, Tchounja R, Agbanglan H, Dossou Ad, Ahounou E, Kpanou G, A. S., Hounkpatin Bb, Houenassi Md","doi":"10.26420/austincardiol.2022.1033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austincardiol.2022.1033","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 is a viral infectious disease caused by SARSCoV- 2. Mortality from this disease is significant in subjects with cardiovascular comorbidity. The objective of this work was to study the factors associated with cardiovascular complications and mortality in patients treated for COVID-19 in Benin between 2020 and 2021. Methods: The study was descriptive cross-sectional with an analytical aim and took place from March 16, 2020 to June 30, 2021 in the Epidemic Treatment Centers of Benin. Patients with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR or imaging were included. Data were collected from medical records, entered with the KoboCollect application and processed with SPSS 21 software. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Of the 1265 patients, the main cardiovascular comorbidities found were hypertension (45.2%), diabetes (24.3%), obesity (11.2%), stroke (5 .5%) and heart disease (4.4%). The evolution was simple with recovery in 83.5% of patients. Cardiovascular complications were observed in 20.1% of cases. The mortality rate was 16.5%. The factors associated with cardiovascular complications were age ≥ 50 years (p=0.013), history of stroke (p=0.003) and severity of COVID-19 (p< 0.001). The factors associated with mortality were the severity of the case (p< 0.001), the existence of comorbidities such as cancer (p=0.012), chronic renal failure (p< 0.001) and decompensation of pre-existing heart disease (p=0.019). Conclusion: Cardiovascular complications and mortality related to COVID-19 are more observed in patients with cardiovascular comorbidity, renal failure or cancer. Preventive actions should be more rigorous in the latter.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79322872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Utility of Surgical Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation in the Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias for all Etiologies: A Systematic Review","authors":"C. L., W. R., E. D.","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The antiadrenergic and antifibrillatory effects of cardiac sympathectomy in pathological states such as long QT syndrome are well established. The indications for the procedure have expanded since the videoassisted thoracoscopic approach was first used. However, the procedure is currently largely used in cases where medication has failed to prevent recurrence of symptomatic ventricular arrhythmia, or in cases of medication intolerance, and large randomised controlled trials are thus non-existent in the literature. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the available literature to examine the utility of cardiac denervation in the management of all ventricular arrhythmias. Methods: A total of 17 studies published between 2009 and 2019 were evaluated for bias using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. In addition the Harbour and Miller Grading System (2001) was used to assess the significance of the evidence in this review. Results: All studies demonstrated a protective effect of sympathectomy against ventricular arrhythmias in both primary and secondary prevention strategies. The following risk of bias was observed: low in 5 studies, moderate in 8 studies, and serious risk in 4 studies. The highest level of evidence observed was 2++ in 3 studies. Conclusion: Cardiac sympathetic denervation provides benefit for patients with ventricular arrhythmias, in cases of refractory disease or in patients who require a primary prevention strategy where first-line therapies are not tolerated.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77352765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Post Caesarean Section Outcomes for Obstetric Valvular Heart Disease Patients at CHARLOTTE …..CMJAH","authors":"M. N, N. A., Chakane Pm, Rhemthula H","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1092","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Valvular heart disease presents a unique set of conditions during pregnancy and delivery with the potential of adverse outcomes complicated by prior interventions and anticoagulation. The aim of this study was to describe the profile and outcomes of obstetric valvular heart disease patients who delivered via caesarean section at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study was done using patient record files, anaesthetics forms and echocardiogram reports. The study period was a 5-year review from January 2016 to December 2020. Results: Sixty-nine patients were included. The mean age ± SD of the patients in this study was 30.1 ± 5.6. A total of 83% had gravidity of 1-3 and 90% parity of 0-2. Majority of patients (57%) had elective caesarean section. General anaesthesia was the most common mode used and majority of patients had fixed interval analgesia (FIA) mode of analgesia postoperatively. Approximately half of the patients (40.5%) were on anticoagulants. A significantly higher percentage of those who needed anticoagulation (46%) had poorer outcomes when compared to those who did not (7%), (P<0.001). This was a univariable association between adverse maternal outcome and NYHA class and lack of use of anticoagulants [aOR 3.77, 95% CI 1.45 - 9.79, P=0.006 and aOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.018 - 0.67, P=0.017, respectively]. Low ejection fraction was univariably associated with adverse foetal outcome, uOR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 - 0.99, P=0.032. One (1%) foetus demised. Conclusion: Patients were younger and in relatively good functional status. They carried the pregnancies to term. Patients did experience adverse outcome related to bleeding and arrythmias predominantly, but none demised. One neonate was lost. A structured care plan for these patients, based on a multidisciplinary approach, to afford prehabilitation is necessary.","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88475446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non Selective his Bundle Pacing: As Physiological as S-HBP but Simpler and Faster","authors":"Ortega Df, Logarzo E, P. A, Mangani N","doi":"10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26420/austinjclincardiolog.2022.1090","url":null,"abstract":"We have read with interest Dr. Burri’s Electrocardiographic Analysis for His Bundle Pacing at Implantation and Follow up [1]. A comprehensive guide to understand electrocardiographic (ECG) nuances of His Bundle Pacing (HBP) is presented in this review. The authors, with outstanding didactics, describe a well-organized analysis of challenging HBP electrocardiographic characteristics to confirm conduction tissue (selective or non-selective HBP) at implant and follow-up. Caught our interest, in particular, the paragraph where practical pacing characteristics and benefits of non-selective HBP pacing (NSHBP) are emphasized. In this context we would like to point out the statement that pacing “ventricular myocardium adjacent to the atrioventricular septum, near the His bundle can also result in NSHBP”. Above all, of paramount clinical importance, when Dr. Burri et al. conclude that “No significant differences in cardiac mechanical synchrony or clinical outcome have been found between SHBP and NSHBP”. Our group is in total agreement with these essential features, having abandoned SHBP many years ago by developing a very simple technique to place standard pacing leads in the para-Hisian area (Figure 1). Concordant with the authors, we understand that “With non-selective His bundle pacing (NS-HBP), the lead is usually positioned in the ventricle at a site where the His bundle (HB) is surrounded by or at proximity to myocardial tissue”. That is why we named “para-Hisian pacing”. In our daily practice, at the same time, to verify and prove physiological capture of the conduction system we monitor synchrony online by analyzing the ECG signal variance [8] (Synchromax®) [2].","PeriodicalId":90445,"journal":{"name":"Austin journal of clinical cardiology","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87738535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}