BMC Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the associations of plasma proteins with frailty based on Mendelian randomization.","authors":"Shuhui Chen, Hao Lin, Bin Liu, Hejing Pan, Yaling Xu, Yingying Mao, Lin Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00677-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00677-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Frailty is an emerging global burden of disease, characterized as an age-related clinical syndrome. Recent studies have suggested a potential link of circulating protein levels with the onset of frailty. This study aims to analyze the potential causal relationships of plasma proteins with frailty using a Mendelian Randomization (MR) study design.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Associations of plasma proteins with frailty were assessed using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, maximum-likelihood method, and MR-PRESSO test. Protein-protein interaction network construction and gene ontology functional enrichment analysis were conducted based on MR-identified target proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After false discovery rate (FDR) correction, MR analysis identified five plasma proteins, including BIRC2 [OR = 0.978, 95%CI (0.967-0.990)] and PSME1 [OR = 0.936, 95%CI (0.909-0.965)], as protective factors against frailty, and 49 proteins, including APOB [OR = 1.053, 95%CI (1.037-1.069)] and CYP3A4 [OR = 1.098, 95%CI (1.068-1.128)], as risk factors. Network analysis suggested BIRC2, PSME1, APOE, and CTNNB1 as key intervention targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study employed MR design to investigate the association of circulating plasma proteins with frailty, identified five proteins negatively associated with frailty risk and 49 proteins positively associated with frailty.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142881200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of microRNAs in immunoregulatory functions of epithelial cells.","authors":"Narjes Jafari, Saeid Abediankenari","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00675-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00675-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epithelial cells (ECs) provide the first line of defense against microbial threats and environmental challenges. They participate in the host's immune responses via the expression and secretion of various immune-related molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, as well as interaction with immune cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that the dysregulated function of ECs can be involved in the pathophysiology of a broad range of infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), asthma, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. To maintain a substantial immunoregulatory function of ECs, precise expression of different molecules and their regulatory effects are indispensable. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression commonly at post-transcriptional level through degradation of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) or suppression of protein translation. MiRNAs implicate as critical regulators in many cellular processes, including apoptosis, growth, differentiation, and immune response. Due to the crucial roles of miRNAs in such a vast range of biological processes, they have become the spotlight of biological research for more than two decades, but we are still at the beginning stages of the use of miRNA-based therapies in the improvement of human health. Hence, in the present paper, attempts are made to provide a comprehensive overview with regard to the roles of miRNAs in the immunoregulatory functions of ECs. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which immunoregulatory properties of ECs are manifested, could aid the development of efficient strategies to prevent and treat multiple human diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of novel native probiotics and paraprobiotics in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation in DSS-induced colitis: implications for enhanced therapeutic strategies in high fat diet.","authors":"Niloofar Rezaie, Shadi Aghamohammad, Elham Haj Agha Gholizadeh Khiavi, Mohammad Reza Pourshafie, Malihe Talebi, Mahdi Rohani","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00678-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00678-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>IBD is a condition that may result from the presence of oxidative stress. The objective of this research is to evaluate and compare the potency of probiotics and paraprobiotics to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>In the initial phase, the antioxidant capabilities of 88 strains from Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were evaluated. In the subsequent phase, during the in-vivo stage, four experimental groups were established, consisting of a high-fat diet (HFD) + PBS, HFD + DSS, HFD + DSS + 10^⁹ cfu/ml of 6 selected native probiotic, and HFD + DSS + 10^⁹ cfu/ml of paraprobiotic (from 6 selected strains), with male wild-type C57BL/6 mice being assigned to these groups. The phenotypical indices and pathological scores along with the evaluation of the expression of genes associated with the NF-kB and Nrf2 signaling pathways, as well as enzymes linked to oxidant/anti-oxidant activities, and proinflammatory/inflammatory cytokines were performed. A significant difference was noted among the groups exposed to DSS and groups that given our native agents. The mice receiving a blend of probiotics and paraprobiotics alongside DSS demonstrated a mitigation of the harmful impacts caused by DSS, both regarding phenotypic traits, including pathological scores and also the level of cytokines and antioxidant markers and also molecular indicators like the Nrf2 and NF-kB associated genes. Also, there was no notable difference between our native probiotic and paraprobiotic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study's findings provide evidence that the expression of inflammation can be successfully alleviated by utilizing our native probiotics and paraprobiotics, with a greater emphasis on the latter due to its inherent safety.</p><p><strong>Impact statements: </strong>This study highlighted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of probiotic and paraprobiotic that could be useful for patients with inflammatory status.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term survival after local immunotherapy for malignant gliomas: a retrospective study with 20 years follow-up.","authors":"Hao Duan, Zhenqiang He, Zhenghe Chen, Yukun Chen, Wanming Hu, Ke Sai, Xiangheng Zhang, Jianchuan Xia, Yongqiang Li, Ranyi Liu, Chaowei Zou, Zhongping Chen, Yonggao Mou","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00676-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00676-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Immunotherapy is a promising treatment for cancers but should be optimized for malignant gliomas. Because of immune privilege feature of the brain, local administration of immunotherapy may be a promising strategy for malignant glioma treatment. Identification of patients who may benefit from local immunotherapy is essential.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of six malignant glioma patients who received local administration of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells through Ommaya reservoirs implanted into the tumor resection cavity. Profiles of tumor genome, transcriptome and immune microenvironment were also investigated by genomic target sequencing, RNA sequencing, electrochemiluminescence assay and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four patients died from tumor progression and the overall survival ranged from 10.0 to 33.9 months. Remarkably, two patients, including one diagnosed as diffuse hemispheric glioma H3 G34-mutant (G34-DHG, WHO grade 4) and the other diagnosed as astrocytoma (IDH1 mutation, WHO grade 3) survived more than 20 years without evidence of recurrence. The distinctive clinical feature of the two long-term survivors was tumor gross total resection (GTR) before CIK therapy. NTRK1 mutation was uniquely present and 353 genes were differentially expressed in the long-term survivors compared with the short-term survivors. These differential expression genes were highly associated with immune function. Electrochemiluminescence assay and IHC staining revealed higher expressions of cytokines and lower infiltrations of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumors of the long-term survivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that certain patients diagnosed as malignant gliomas, including G34-DHG (WHO grade 4), can acquire long-term survival after local immunotherapy. Tumor GTR before local immunotherapy and relatively weaker immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are the favorable factors for long-term survival. Larger, controlled studies with standardized treatment protocols, including consistent use of GTR, are warranted to further evaluate the potential benefits of locally delivered immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11662448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142871301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic characterization of NK cells in 5-year-old children exposed to maternal HIV and antiretroviral therapy in early-life.","authors":"Hope Mataramvura, Julia Jӓger, Ana Jordan-Paiz, Lovemore Ronald Mazengera, Felicity Zvanyadza Gumbo, Madeleine J Bunders, Kerina Duri","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00674-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00674-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children are at increased risk of morbidity during the first years of life. Although the immune responses of HEU infants in early-life are relatively well described, studies of natural killer (NK) cells in older HEU children are lacking. NK cell subsets were analysed in HEU children and compared to those in HIV unexposed uninfected (HUU) children aged ~ five years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Multi-parametric flow cytometry was used to characterize peripheral blood-derived NK cell CD56, CD16, CD57, NKG2A and KIR3DL1/KIR2DL2/L3 expression, including intracellular perforin and granzyme B. NK cell subsets were compared between HEU children exposed to prenatal antiretroviral therapy (ART) from conception [long-term (HEULT)]; those exposed to ART during pregnancy [medium-term (HEUMT)] with continued exposure throughout the breastfeeding period and HUU peers. Furthermore, clinical data of the children, including sick clinic visits and hospitalizations documented in morbidity diaries from birth to 5 years were compared between HEU and HUU groups. Frequencies of CD56^bright and CD56^dim NK cell were correlated with these clinical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>139 children were enrolled however, 133 comprising 43 HEULT, 38 HEUMT and 52 HUU were included in the main analyses. Total NK cell, CD56^bright nor CD56^dim NK cell proportions differed between HEU and HUU children. However, HEULT children had lower frequencies of CD56^dim NK cells compared to HEUMT children, (p = 0.002) which maintained significance after controlling for preterm birth, p = 0.012. No differences were observed between HEULT and HUU. The expressions of NKG2A, KIR3DL1/KIR2DL2/L3 and CD57 on CD56^bright and CD56^dim NK cells were similar between the three groups. Furthermore, the frequencies of granzyme B and perforin double positive NK cells were similar between the HUU with HEULT and HEUMT children. CD56^dim NK cell counts had a significant moderate negative correlation with recurrent respiratory infections (rho=-0.38; p = 0.010) in HUU children and negatively correlated with total sick clinic visits in HEUMT (rho=-0.40, p = 0.064).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proportions of total NK cell, CD56^bright and CD56^dim NK cells, NK cells inhibitory and differentiation surface marker expression and cytolytic granule-positive cells were similar between HEU and HUU children. These data suggest that early-life HIV/ART exposure may not result in major changes in NK cell subsets at 5 years of age.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11658373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and antinuclear antibodies in U.S. adults, NHANES 2001-2004.","authors":"Zhen Gui, Shuying Li, Hanqing Yu, Lin Chang, Yong Chang","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00672-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-024-00672-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and ANA positivity according to sex stratification is unclear. The propose of this study was to reveal the sex-specific relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and ANA positivity in American people.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in 2757 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2004. The logistic regression models were used to assess the correlation between the risk of ANA positivity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Generalized additive models and smooth fitting curves were used to evaluate the non-linear relationship of the risk of ANA positivity and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following multivariable adjustment, we observed a negative correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk of ANA positivity in male participants, particularly in men non-white individuals and those exposed to second-hand smoke. However, there was no significant relationship observed in the female participants. Additionally, the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk of ANA positivity followed an L-shaped pattern, with an inflection point at 18 ng/mL. When serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels fell below this inflection point, decrease of 1 unit in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations was linked to an 8% increase in the adjusted OR of ANA positivity (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.87, 0.97; p 0.0026).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In American men, nonlinear relationships were observed between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the risk of ANA positivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11610096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the key targets for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by RNA sequencing combined with bioinformatics methods.","authors":"Linghan Leng, Chenglin Wang, Yaxing Deng, Yingchun Hu","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00673-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-024-00673-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This research probes into genes related to the risk of concurrent kidney injury in septic patients to provide reliable targets for early identification of sepsis-associated kidney injury and prognosis research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood samples were isolated from 10 healthy individuals and 22 septic patients for RNA sequencing and differential analyses. Meanwhile, the top 1000 kidney-associated genes were chosen from the GTEx website. Subsequently, DEGs in sepsis were intersected with kidney-specific genes, followed by GO and KEGG analyses on these intersection genes. The predictive ability of hub genes for prognosis was evaluated using survival analysis. A meta-analysis was carried out to determine the differential expression profiles of hub genes between the sepsis surviving and dead groups. ROC curves were plotted to screen hub genes and clarify their diagnostic value. Cell line localization of hub genes was further clarified through single-cell RNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 40 targets in the intersection between 1328 DEGs in sepsis and 1000 kidney-associated genes. These intersection genes were mainly engaged in functions and signaling pathways .Survival curves linked the higher levels of CD74 and IL32 to raised survival rates of patients, indicating positive correlations of CD74 and IL32 with patient prognosis. Meta-analysis revealed that CD74 and IL32 were highly expressed in the sepsis surviving group but poorly expressed in the sepsis dead group, showing statistically significant differences between these two groups. In the ROC analysis of hub genes, AUC values of CD74 (0.983) and IL32 (0.980) suggested their high diagnostic value. Lastly, CD74 was principally expressed in macrophages, while IL32 was mainly presented in T cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CD74 and IL32, as biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of sepsis complicated with kidney injury, are highly expressed in macrophages and T cells, respectively, providing new diagnostic and prognostic targets for sepsis complicated with acute kidney injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Predictors of change in CD4 cell count over time for HIV/AIDS patients on ART follow-up in northern Ethiopia: a retrospective longitudinal study.","authors":"Gebru Gebremeskel Gebrerufael, Zeytu Gashaw Asfaw","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00671-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00671-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11587770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142715179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IWR-1 attenuates the promotional effect of IL-36γ in a mouse model of psoriasis.","authors":"Wen-Ming Wang, Yi-Meng Gao, Xiao-Feng Zheng, Hong-Zhong Jin","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00669-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00669-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential for the regulation of adult stem cells, homeostasis, and tissue regeneration; however, the relationship between this pathway and interleukin (IL)-36γ in the pathogenesis of psoriasis remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, psoriasiform model mice were established using imiquimod (IMQ) induction. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to evaluate pathological morphologies, while immunohistochemistry was used to verify the expression patterns of β-catenin and the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-17 A, and interferon (IFN)-γ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-36γ treatment increased psoriasis area and severity index scores, and enhanced proliferation of keratinocytes in IMQ-induced psoriatic mice. The effects of IL-36γ on the severity of psoriasiform lesions and epidermal hyperplasia were partly inhibited by IWR-1, which is an inhibitor of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in psoriatic mouse skin, including IL-6, IL-17 A, IFN-γ, β-catenin, and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), were upregulated by treatment with IL-36γ. Consistently, the effects of IL-36γ on the inflammatory response and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were alleviated by IWR-1.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Taken together, our findings suggested that inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be useful in the alleviation of IL-36γ-induced psoriasis-like lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11585084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142692575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics designing of an mRNA vaccine for Mokola virus (MOKV) using immunoinformatics as a secure strategy for successful vaccine development.","authors":"Elijah Kolawole Oladipo, James Akinwumi Ogunniran, Oluwaseyi Samuel Akinpelu, Tosin Omoboyede Omole, Stephen Feranmi Adeyemo, Boluwatife Ayobami Irewolede, Bamidele Abiodun Iwalokun, Olumide Faith Ajani, Helen Onyeaka","doi":"10.1186/s12865-024-00668-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12865-024-00668-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Mokola Virus belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae and is genotype 3 of the Lyssavirus genera. A small number of cases of animal and human encephalomyelitis, mainly scattered over sub-Saharan Africa, have been linked to the Mokola Virus (MOKV). Currently there is no vaccine to protect against MOKV infection in people or animals. It has been proven that rabies vaccination does not confer immunity against MOKV infection, even though MOKV and the rabies virus are related. Using immunoinformatics approaches, this study designed an mRNA vaccine that can protect against all the five glycoproteins of the Mokola virus. NCBI was used to obtain the viral sequences, which were then screened for antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, B-cell epitopes, CD8 + T lymphocytes (CTL), and CD4 + T lymphocytes (HTL). These epitopes were used in the construction of the vaccine. Some extra co-translational residues were added to the mRNA vaccine construct. Its molecular weight is 129.19083 kDa, and its estimated pI is 8.58. It interacts rather steadily and with limited deformability with TLR 3, among other human innate immune receptors. Overall, the results show that the produced candidate vaccine is non-allergen, non-toxic, and can elicit T-cell and B-cell immune responses. These findings can further be subjected to in-vivo and in-vitro techniques for validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9040,"journal":{"name":"BMC Immunology","volume":"25 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11577676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}