BJPsych Open最新文献

{"title":"An examination of former prisoners' mental health problems before death by suicide over a 21-year period (2001-2021).","authors":"Alison Baird, Lana Bojanić, Saied Ibrahim, Jessica Kenworthy, Pauline Turnbull, Navneet Kapur, Louis Appleby, Jenny Shaw, Daniel Pratt","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Former prisoners are a vulnerable population, and suicide rates among this group are high, particularly following release from prison.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore former prisoners' engagement with mental health services before death by suicide, and to examine the demographics, clinical history and clinical care of this patient group and compare them with patients who died by suicide who had not been to prison.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The clinical, sociodemographic and care characteristics of patients in contact with mental health services who died by suicide in the UK were examined in a national clinical survey between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2021, and comparisons were made between former prisoners and patients with no history of being in prison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 33 381 (median age 46 years, range 10-100; 65.6% male) patients who died by suicide in the UK and had been in contact with mental health services in the 12 months before death, 3335 (11%) were ex-prisoners (male <i>n</i> = 2988, 90%; female <i>n</i> = 347, 10%). Compared with other patients, ex-prisoner patients had higher frequencies of personality disorder, schizophrenia and delusional disorders, as well as childhood abuse. Ex-prisoner patients were more likely to be male, to be aged between 45 and 65 years (median age 39, range 17-89), to live in deprived areas and to have a history of substance misuse. We found no differences in ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mental health services need to focus particularly on patients with a history of being in prison who are experiencing economic adversity and offer substance-use-related interventions to ensure continued patient engagement. The link with deprivation is striking at a time at which rising costs of living are resulting in more health inequalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of childhood adversity and mental health admission patterns to predict suicide in young people.","authors":"Anna Tarasenko, Dennis Ougrin","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dougall et al found that mental health admissions are a strong predictor of suicide risk in young people. The findings can improve machine learning models for predicting suicide risk. Limitations of machine learning models include recent changes in healthcare use patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic and poor long-term predictive value.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer risk in individuals with psychiatric disorders: population-based cohort study.","authors":"Tak Kyu Oh, Hye Yoon Park, In-Ae Song","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The risk of cancers associated with psychiatric disorders is understudied.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate whether cancer risk varies with the presence of psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders in South Korea between 1 January and 31 December 2017 were included in the study and referred to as the psychiatric disorder group. The non-psychiatric-disorder group, selected using a stratified random sampling technique based on age and gender, comprised individuals who had never been diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. The primary outcome was a new cancer diagnosis, assessed over a 5-year period (1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following 1:1 propensity score matching, the final analysis included data for 686 570 adults (343 285 in each group). The cancer incidence in the psychiatric disorder group from 2018 to 2022 was 15.4% (52 948/343 285), whereas in the non-psychiatric-disorder group, it was 12.8% (43 989/343 285). Cox regression analysis revealed that the psychiatric disorder group had a 23% higher occurrence of cancer compared with non-psychiatric-disorder controls (hazard ratio: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.24; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Significant associations between cancer incidence and specific psychiatric disorders were observed in individuals with alcohol-related disorders (hazard ratio: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.32; <i>P</i> < 0.001), anxiety disorders (hazard ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.17; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and major depressive disorder (hazard ratio: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.18; <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals with psychiatric disorders were more likely to develop cancer than those without. We identified associations of alcohol-related disorders, anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder with cancer risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness, social isolation and psychiatric disorders: insights from the National Mental Health Survey in Korea.","authors":"Eun Jung Kim, Ji Hyun An, Jin Young Jung, Bong Jin Hahm, Jin Pyo Hong","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Loneliness and social isolation pose significant public health concerns globally, with adverse effects on mental health and well-being. Although the terms are often used interchangeably, loneliness refers to the subjective feeling of lacking social connections, whereas social isolation is the objective absence of social support or networks.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation and their associations with psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used data from the Republic of Korea National Mental Health Survey 2021, a nationally representative survey. A total of 5511 adults aged 18-79 residing in South Korea participated in the survey. Loneliness and social isolation were assessed using the Loneliness and Social Isolation Scale, whereas psychiatric disorders were evaluated using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Multivariate logistic regressions were performed after adjustment for sociodemographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 11.8% reported experiencing loneliness, 4.3% reported social isolation and 3.4% reported both. Co-occurrence of loneliness and social isolation was significantly associated with psychiatric disorders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 7.59, 95% CI: 5.48-10.52). Loneliness alone was associated with greater prevalence and higher probability of psychiatric disorders (AOR 3.12, 95% CI: 2.63-3.71), whereas social isolation did not show any significant association (AOR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.64-1.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The co-occurrence of loneliness and social isolation is particularly detrimental to mental health. This finding emphasises the need for targeted interventions to promote social connection and reduce feelings of isolation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e116"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and potential effects of a combined money advice and psychological therapy intervention within National Health Service Talking Therapies services.","authors":"Hannah Louise Belcher, Lois Parri, Imogen Kilcoyne, Joanne Evans, Caroline Da Cunha Lewin, Robin Lau, Nicola Bond, Conor D'Arcy, Melissa Hatch, Til Wykes","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.37","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is now accepted that social factors affect not only onset but also mental health treatment outcomes. One such factor is financial difficulty. Within National Health Service (NHS) Talking Therapies, problem debt has been shown to interfere significantly with recovery from mental health problems, estimated as 22% versus 50% recovered with no problem debt. One solution is a combined money advice and psychological therapy intervention to improve treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of the current study was to trial a combined money advice and psychological therapy service within NHS Talking Therapies, to ascertain its feasibility and acceptability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a mixed methods case series of individuals attending high-intensity cognitive-behavioural treatment who were provided with a combined intervention (money advice service plus NHS Talking Therapies). Acceptability and feasibility were evaluated through interviews, and benefit was assessed from comparisons of routinely collected symptom measures and compared to historical recovery estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Some 32 participants, with similar gender distribution but more representation from ethnic minorities, were recruited from NHS Talking Therapies. One-third demonstrated complete recovery on both depression and anxiety, while half showed symptom improvement and modest improvements on the financial outcomes measure. Our interviews with patients, therapists and money advisors suggested the combined intervention was acceptable and beneficial, but that money worries should be identified earlier.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The combined service is acceptable, accessible and could deliver benefit, even in the short term, to those with mental health and debt problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive measurement of the prevalence of dementia in low- and middle-income countries: STRiDE methodology and its application in Indonesia and South Africa: commentary, Jain et al.","authors":"Manisha Jain, Eef Hogervorst","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussing the potential consequences of a diagnostic label before routine non-cancer screening: qualitative study with general practitioners and consumers.","authors":"Rebecca Sims, Zoe A Michaleff, Paul Glasziou, Rae Thomas","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A diagnostic label can have harms and benefits, particularly when provided following routine health screening tests. Whether these are discussed in clinical encounters is unknown.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate whether potential impacts of diagnostic labelling are discussed before routine screening for non-cancer health conditions and explore the perceived value of such discussions by general practitioners (GPs) and healthcare consumers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eleven semi-structured interviews with GPs and two focus groups with eight consumers were conducted. Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis methods based on framework analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior to routine screening, most GPs did not discuss the potential consequences of diagnostic labelling, and no consumer recalled discussions of this nature. In contrast, many GPs provided information regarding the screening procedure and possible test limitations. Both GPs and consumers identified that it would be valuable to discuss the potential impacts of a diagnostic label; however, preferences varied as to the content and timing (i.e. before or after screening) of this discussion. Six themes that examine the utility of discussing the consequences of diagnostic labelling were identified: patient empowerment, patient variability, condition-specific information, GP and patient interactions and relationship, GP role and responsibilities, and characteristics of screening.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The practice and perceived value of discussing diagnostic labelling consequences were recognised as important by both GPs and consumers. However, preferences regarding the content of discussions and whether these occurred in clinical encounters before or after screening varied.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological interventions for adult earthquake-related post-traumatic stress disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Cate F Woods, Ben Beaglehole, Christopher Frampton, Virginia V W McIntosh, Caroline Bell","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A minority of earthquake-exposed individuals develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often alongside comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms. No systematic review has examined psychological interventions for adults with substantial earthquake-related PTSD symptoms.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To synthesise studies evaluating psychological interventions for adult earthquake-related PTSD and conduct meta-analyses estimating overall effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The review was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42023441020). PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus were searched for studies (last search conducted July 2024). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomised and non-controlled studies evaluating psychological interventions for adults with substantial earthquake-related PTSD symptoms were eligible. Outcomes were PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms. Narrative syntheses and meta-analyses summarised study findings. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool guided quality assessments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen studies were identified (eight RCTs, four non-randomised and four non-controlled studies), representing 1315 participants receiving psychological intervention. Interventions included cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), specific CBT variants, eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing, interpersonal psychotherapy and an internet-based intervention focusing on social cognitive theory. Studies generally reported statistically and clinically significant improvements associated with psychological interventions. Among studies included in meta-analyses, overall effect size was 2.11 (95% CI = 0.92, 3.31) for PTSD symptoms and 1.01 (95% CI = 0.50, 1.52) for depression symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychological interventions are associated with good outcomes among adults with earthquake-related PTSD. The most evidence currently exists for CBT-based interventions, which are recommended as first-line treatments. Efficient intervention options, including single-session and group-based treatments, also show promise and are recommended for addressing widespread treatment need.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of social support and resilience in the relationship between social identity and mental health among international students.","authors":"Melisa Parlak, Daniel Michelson, Matthew J Easterbrook","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.72","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>International students account for a growing proportion of university students and can experience mental health challenges. While the Social Identity Model of Identity Change (SIMIC) highlights the mental health-promoting benefits of preserving and building group memberships, it overlooks the effects of identifying with a particularly salient group such as fellow international students.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to explore how SIMIC and international student identification contribute to understanding the protective factors that predict students' mental health.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional survey of 343 international students employed path analyses to examine the associations among identification with fellow international students, social identity maintenance, new group memberships and psychological distress, with social support and resilience as potential mediators. Indirect effects were evaluated using 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>New group memberships (<i>β</i> = -0.01; <i>P</i> = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.03, -0) and identification with international students (<i>β</i> = -0.02; <i>P</i> = 0.05; 95% CI = -0.02, -0) predicted psychological distress, both mediated by social support and resilience. While the maintenance of previous groups did not indirectly predict psychological distress through these mechanisms (<i>β</i> = -0.01; <i>P</i> = 0.13; 95% CI = -0.02, 0), a significant indirect effect (<i>β</i> = -0.04; <i>P</i> = 0.03; 95% CI = -0.09, -0) was observed through social support when accounting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Shared international student identity and new group memberships offer a sense of social support and resilience which, in turn, alleviates psychological distress. Interventions could reframe this identity as a source of strength for international students.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e118"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal pre- and perinatal depression and the risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Biruk Shalmeno Tusa, Rosa Alati, Getinet Ayano, Kim Betts, Adisu Birhanu Weldesenbet, Berihun Dachew","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2025.67","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have reported conflicting findings on the association between maternal pre- and perinatal depression and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine and consolidate the existing evidence on the association between maternal pre- and perinatal depression and the risk of ASD in children and adolescents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO from the database inception to 21 February 2024. A meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models, and summary effect estimates were presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran's <i>Q</i> and the <i>I</i>²-statistic test. Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted to identify the source of potential heterogeneity within the included studies. A funnel plot and Egger's regression test were employed to evaluate publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies involving over 1.6 million mother-offspring pairs were included in the final analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis of these studies revealed a 52% increased risk (odds ratio 1.52, 95% CI 1.13-1.90) of ASD in the offspring of mothers experiencing pre-pregnancy depression, a 48% increased risk (odds ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.32-1.64) in those experiencing antenatal depression and a 70% increased risk (odds ratio 1.70, 95% CI 1.41-1.99) in those with postnatal depression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis found that offspring born to mothers with depression before, during and after birth have a higher risk of developing ASD. Our findings underscore the need for early screening and targeted intervention programmes for at-risk children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 4","pages":"e117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}