Predictors of high- and low-risk drinking after group treatment for alcohol use disorder.

Abstract

Background: Understanding the factors influencing alcohol use disorder (AUD) treatment outcomes is essential. More knowledge about patient characteristics that predict treatment outcomes can help personalise interventions, improve treatment planning and address the needs of specific subgroups. The frequency of treatment attendance may also affect drinking outcomes after treatment. Despite research efforts, uncertainty remains about how patient factors and treatment attendance influence treatment outcomes.

Aims: To examine how patient factors and treatment attendance predict high- or low-risk drinking at the end of treatment.

Method: We used data (N = 92) from a multisite observational study of treatment-seeking individuals with AUD attending group treatment. Sociodemographic measures, alcohol and substance use measures, cognitive functioning, psychological distress, personality functioning and quality of life were screened in univariate analyses. Significant variables were entered into a binary logistic regression model.

Results: Individuals with a higher percentage of treatment attendance (odds ratio 0.96 [95% CI 0.93, 0.96]) and with greater responsiblity scores on the Severity Indices of Personality Functioning (odds ratio 0.30 [95% CI 0.14, 0.64]) had a decreased likelihood of high-risk drinking at treatment end. Substance use, psychological distress and cognitive functioning were not associated with drinking levels at the end of treatment.

Conclusion: A higher percentage of treatment attendance has a minor effect on drinking levels. Being more responsible, as reflected in higher scores on the responsibility domain, reduces the likelihood of high-risk drinking at the end of treatment. Clinicians are encouraged to screen and assess personality functioning when planning treatment for individuals with AUD.