BJPsych Open最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of self-injurious behaviour and early traumatic experiences: associations with emotional reactivity, depression and aggression in university students.","authors":"Irina Jarvers, Elisa Heidingsfelder, Angelika Ecker, Stephanie Kandsperger, Romuald Brunner, Daniel Schleicher","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.862","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A lifetime history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for subsequent behavioural and emotional problems, including depression, aggression and heightened emotional reactivity. Traumatic experiences, which are frequently reported by individuals with NSSI, also show predictive links to these mental health problems. However, the exact connections between these areas and their subdomains remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To explore in detail the relationships of specific characteristics of NSSI (e.g. termination in adolescence, duration, frequency, reinforcement mechanisms) and various types of traumatic experience (emotional, physical, sexual) with distinct aspects of emotional reactivity (sensitivity, intensity, persistence), aggression (behavioural, cognitive, affective) and severity of depression in university students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Via online survey, 150 university students aged 18 to 25 years, who had self-injured at least once, provided information on NSSI, and completed questionnaires including the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire, Emotion Reactivity Scale, and Aggression Questionnaire. Regression analyses were conducted to determine risk factors linked to increased depression scores, aggression and emotional reactivity. The study was pre-registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00023731).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Childhood emotional abuse contributed to emotional reactivity, aggression and depressive symptom severity (<i>β</i> = 0.33-0.51). Risk factors for sustained NSSI beyond adolescence included increased automatic positive reinforcement (odds ratio: 2.24).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Childhood emotional abuse significantly contributes to emotional and behavioural problems and needs to be considered in NSSI therapy. NSSI was found to persist into adulthood when used as an emotion regulation strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"André Hajek, Hans-Helmut König","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.865","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A systematic review/meta-analysis synthesising the existing evidence regarding the prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia is lacking.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with loneliness and social isolation among individuals with MCI or dementia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A search was conducted in five established electronic databases. Observational studies reporting prevalence and, where available, factors associated with loneliness/isolation among individuals with MCI and individuals with dementia, were included. Important characteristics of the studies were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 7427 records, ten studies were included. The estimated prevalence of loneliness was 38.6% (95% CI 3.7-73.5%, <i>I</i>² = 99.6, <i>P</i> < 0.001) among individuals with MCI. Moreover, the estimated prevalence of loneliness was 42.7% (95% CI 33.8-51.5%, <i>I</i>² = 90.4, <i>P</i> < 0.001) among individuals with dementia. The estimated prevalence of social isolation was 64.3% (95% CI 39.1-89.6%, <i>I</i>² = 99.6, <i>P</i> < 0.001) among individuals with cognitive impairment. Study quality was reasonably high. It has been found that living alone and more depressive symptoms are associated with a higher risk of loneliness among individuals with dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social isolation, and in particular loneliness, are significant challenges for individuals with MCI and dementia. This knowledge can contribute to supporting successful ageing among such individuals. Future research in regions beyond Asia and Europe are clearly required. In addition, challenges such as chronic loneliness and chronic social isolation should be examined among individuals with MCI or dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the experiences of family, friends and carers attending Recovery Colleges: focus group study.","authors":"Bryher Bowness, Sarah Bicknell, Lana Samuels, Yasma Osman, Vanessa Kellermann, Claire Henderson, Vanessa Lawrence","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.852","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Family and friends (family carers) provide substantial support to those with mental ill health, often affecting their own well-being. Subsequently, family carers have their own recovery journeys. Research highlights numerous benefits of attending Recovery Colleges, but whether these apply for family carers remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>We aimed to explore family carers' experiences of attending Recovery Colleges across England, to understand current provision and how this might better include and support family carers.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Together with lived experience researchers, this qualitative focus group study used collaborative thematic analysis of online focus groups and interviews with family carers and Recovery College staff from across England.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We generated six superordinate themes: 'The \"carer\" identity is not clearcut', 'Recovery ethos applies to family carers too', 'Power of lived experience', 'Educational focus is appealing', 'Family carers deserve recognition and provision' and 'Reaching out and fitting around family carers'. Attending Recovery Colleges developed family carers understandings and gave them skills to navigate services and support themselves and others, which furthered their own recovery journeys. Shared learning spaces were helpful, but participants felt these were not always oriented to include family carers. Our findings revealed ways Recovery Colleges could increase their relevance and accessibility to family carers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The unique characteristics of Recovery Colleges suited the recovery needs of family carers. However, more resources are needed to develop this potential and reach more family carers. Family carer co-researchers enriched our findings, and discussions with the Recovery College community furthered our recommendations for practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001944/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor mental health and its impact on academic outcomes in university students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of routine service data.","authors":"Brian C F Ching, Jane S Hahn, Sarah Corrie, Rhiannon Thomas, Anca Alba","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.868","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an urgent need to understand explanatory factors of poor mental health before (pre-) and during (peri-) the COVID-19 pandemic in university students, especially those from underrepresented and minority groups.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine potential differences and explanatory factors for psychological distress, clinical risk and impact of problems on academic outcomes pre- and peri-pandemic in university students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A repeated cross-sectional design was used with routine data between August 2018 and July 2022 at the registration stage from a student counselling and mental health service at a UK university. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine pre- and peri-pandemic differences in outcomes. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were conducted to assess potential explanatory factors for poor outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9517 university students had completed sociodemographic and outcome data and were included in analysis. Psychological distress and impact of problems on academic outcomes were not significantly different between pre- and peri-pandemic groups. Clinical risk was significantly higher in the pre-pandemic than peri-pandemic group. Potential explanatory factors for poorer outcomes included being younger, female or non-binary/genderqueer, sexual minority, from a minority ethnic group, having home fee status and having a disability registration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Poor student mental health profiles and related explanatory factors may not have changed drastically between pre- and peri-pandemic. Longitudinal methods and intersectional approaches should be used in future research. Further understanding of how universities and student mental health services can most efficiently and effectively support the mental health of university students is crucially warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e46"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative risk of QTc prolongation induced by second-generation antipsychotics in the real world: retrospective cohort study based on a hospital information system.","authors":"Luyao He, Wenjuan Yu, Huiqing Song, Lujin Li, Yifeng Shen, Lei Zhang, Huafang Li","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.871","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) can cause corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation as a side-effect. This may limit their clinical use and pose safety concerns for patients.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To analyse the risk of QTc prolongation associated with eight second-generation antipsychotics and observe the timing characteristics of QTc prolongation events and subsequent changes in medication strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the hospital information system of a large mental health centre, this retrospective cohort study included 5130 patients (median follow-up: 141.2 days) treated between 2007 and 2019. A marginal structural Cox model was used to compare the hazard ratios for QTc prolongation associated with various SGAs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the cohort was 35.54 years (s.d. = 14.22), and 47.8% (<i>N</i> = 2454) were male. Ziprasidone, amisulpride and olanzapine were the only SGAs associated with QTc prolongation. Ziprasidone presented the highest risk (hazard ratio 1.72, 95% CI: 1.03-2.85, adjusted <i>P</i> = 0.03), followed by amisulpride (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% CI: 1.04-2.34, adjusted <i>P</i> = 0.03) and olanzapine (hazard ratio 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02-1.94, adjusted <i>P</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ziprasidone, amisulpride and olanzapine are associated with increased risk of QTc prolongation. Regular electrocardiogram monitoring is recommended when clinicians prescribe such drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001931/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and prevalence of adolescent self-harm before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: retrospective cross-sectional database study.","authors":"Patricia Zavaleta-Ramírez, Marcos Rosetti, Lilia Albores-Gallo, Emmanuel Sarmiento-Hernández","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2025.4","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2025.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in self-harm among adolescents; however, little is known about the trends in prevalence after the end of the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional database study evaluates changes in the prevalence and clinical characteristics of self-harm among adolescents who sought attention from the emergency service of the largest children's psychiatric hospital in Mexico before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>After comparing the clinical characteristics of self-harm between the three periods, we calculated the monthly prevalence of self-harm among patients (<i>n</i> = 3520) visiting the hospital's emergency psychiatric services over a period of 58 months. Using joinpoint regression, we evaluated temporal trends in self-harm prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Affective disorders and hitting as a method of self-harm were more frequent during and after the pandemic in comparison with the pre-pandemic period. The prevalence of self-harm diminished from March 2019 to March 2023, a trend followed by an increase coinciding with the end of the pandemic and the return to normal activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The significant increase in prevalence observed after the end of the pandemic suggests a long-term impact on mental health of adolescents. This underscores the need for monitoring this population during post-pandemic years to provide timely interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143584625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between oral hormonal contraceptives and internalising problems in adolescent girls.","authors":"Nadie H M Bosmans, Milan Zarchev, Leonie Berges, Astrid M Kamperman, Eline M P Poels, Witte J G Hoogendijk, Nina H Grootendorst-van Mil","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.859","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) have received increased critical attention recently owing to their perceived link with mental health, especially among adolescent girls. The empirical literature, however, includes mixed findings on whether OCP use is associated with poorer mental health.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To examine the association between the use of OCP and internalising problems in adolescent girls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was embedded in the iBerry study, a population-based cohort of adolescents oversampled for behavioural and emotional problems from the greater Rotterdam area, The Netherlands. In 372 girls, internalising problems were measured using the Youth Self Report, and use of OCP was determined by parental interview and self-report questionnaire across two subsequent waves (mean ages 14.9 and 17.9 years, respectively). Multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the association. Analyses were adjusted for various sociodemographic factors and adjusted for previous internalising problems assessed at a mean age of 14.9 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 204 girls (54.8%) used OCP. OCP use was associated with fewer internalising problems in adolescent girls compared with non-use (adjusted β = -2.22, 95% CI [-4.24, -0.20]; <i>P</i> = 0.031).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this research, we found that adolescent girls using OCP reported fewer internalising problems compared with non-users. This association was most prominent for girls with pre-existing internalising problems. Although healthy user bias may have a role, our observations suggest a potential therapeutic benefit for those with greater baseline challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e40"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001913/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychiatry as a paradigm propelling neurology and psychiatry into the future.","authors":"Jay A Salpekar, Marco Mula, Niruj Agrawal, Kenneth R Kaufman","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.864","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurology and psychiatry have long been divided as subspecialities of medicine. However, the symptom overlap in central nervous system illness is unmistakable. Medical science has evolved, necessitating a neuropsychiatric approach that is more comprehensive. This editorial briefly outlines the history of neurology and psychiatry and the movement towards a new paradigm.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the traumatogenic phenotype hypothesis of psychosis: commentary, Alameda.","authors":"Luis Alameda","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.863","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.863","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Onyeama et al have examined the clinical profile of individuals with psychosis and childhood trauma using a stringent approach that yielded selective evidence, affecting power and insight into the specific and differential roles of abuse and neglect in the clinical profile. This commentary puts the findings into a broader meta-analytical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an algorithm to identify individuals with psychosis in secondary care in England: application using the Mental Health Services Data Set.","authors":"Claire de Oliveira, Maria Ana Matias, María José Aragon Aragon, Misael Anaya Montes, David Osborn, Rowena Jacobs","doi":"10.1192/bjo.2024.853","DOIUrl":"10.1192/bjo.2024.853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is currently no definitive method for identifying individuals with psychosis in secondary care on a population-level using administrative healthcare data from England.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop various algorithms to identify individuals with psychosis in the Mental Health Services Data Set (MHSDS), guided by national estimates of the prevalence of psychosis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using a combination of data elements in the MHSDS for financial years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 (mental health cluster (a way to describe and classify a group of individuals with similar characteristics), Health of the Nation Outcome Scale (HoNOS) scores, reason for referral, primary diagnosis, first-episode psychosis flag, early intervention in psychosis team flag), we developed 12 unique algorithms to detect individuals with psychosis seen in secondary care. The resulting numbers were then compared with national estimates of the prevalence of psychosis to ascertain whether they were reasonable or not.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 12 algorithms produced 99 204-138 516 and 107 545-134 954 cases of psychosis for financial years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019, respectively, in line with national prevalence estimates. The numbers of cases of psychosis identified by the different algorithms differed according to the type and number (3-6) of data elements used. Most algorithms identified the same core of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MHSDS can be used to identify individuals with psychosis in secondary care in England. Users can employ several algorithms to do so, depending on the objective of their analysis and their preference regarding the data elements employed. These algorithms could be used for surveillance, research and/or policy purposes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9038,"journal":{"name":"BJPsych Open","volume":"11 2","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12001952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}