Journal of child and adolescent behavior最新文献

{"title":"Alcohol Behaviors across Perceived Parental Security Profiles in Adolescents","authors":"M. McKay, J. Perry, Séamus A. Harvey, James R. Andretta","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000322","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Previous research has suggested a bivariate or correlational relationship between attachment scores and alcohol use behaviors among adolescents. Methods: The present study is a person-oriented analysis of the association between perceived parental security and alcohol behaviors in Northern Irish adolescents (N=1,126, 61% male, school grades 8 to 12; aged 12 to 16 years). Results: Model-based clustering of Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment-Revised (IPPA-R) scores yielded five profiles: (a) High Security (n=146, 13%), (b) Moderately High Security (n=371, 33%), (c) Ambivalent Security (n=344, 31%), (d) Moderately Low Security (n=198, 18%), and (e) Low Security (n=67, 6%). High Security adolescents perceived high levels of communication and trust with, and low levels of alienation from, parents. Alcohol use ranked from least to highest in the order provided above. Conclusions: When compared to peers with High Security profiles, adolescents with Low Security profiles were almost 8 times more likely to be moderate drinkers and 55 times more likely to be problematic drinkers than abstainers.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82453841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moral Judgment in Children and Adolescents","authors":"E. Zaky","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000E111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000E111","url":null,"abstract":"The Journal of Child & Adolescent Behavior is one of the journals which are concerned with the discussion of different epigenetic, genetic, and environmental factors that influence the development, cognition, and behavior of healthy children and adolescents as well as those with pediatric mental disorders (PMD). Sociocultural factors that influence the normal development of any child or adolescent, the psychopathology, and the pattern of presentation of different PMD represent vital issues in covering the scope of the journal and have been found to be of prime importance to its followers.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79875447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children and Nature in Tukum Village: Indigenous Education and Biophilia","authors":"C. Profice, Gabriela M Santos, Nathane Almeida dos Anjos","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000320","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Currently there is a consensus that the actual environmental crisis is resulting from intensive human appropriation of the environment and its creatures and processes. These disconnect between people and nature, characteristic of Western urban culture, also generates consequences on children's quality of life. The general objective of this study is to access indigenous children's environmental perception in its cognitive and affective aspects. In this direction we highlight the role of indigenous school practices in the improvement of biophilia and environmental awareness. Methods: Our qualitative survey adopt a multimethod approach that access children environmental perception from drawing sessions and interviews. The participants are 15 students and their teacher from the Tukum School, one of the 10 indigenous schools from the Tupinamba of Olivenca visited in our research from 2014 to 2016. The Tupinamba community is located in Ilheus, Bahia in Northeast region of Brazil. Results: Our results demonstrate that daily life in natural environments promoted both by culture and by indigenous school promote biophilia and, consequently, environmental awareness among children. The drawings also proved to be a suitable tool to access the feelings and children's knowledge about nature. Conclusion: Western education model that promoted the gap between children and nature can take inspiration in indigenous education in order to promote biophilia and the prevention of health and mental problems among urban children.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88308541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Investigation of the Contributing Factors to Adolescent DeviantBehaviours in Rural Community Day Secondary Schools with Respect tothe Social and Environmental Aspects","authors":"M. Nkhata, M. Mwale","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000319","url":null,"abstract":"Cases of deviant behaviours among adolescents are rampant. The question that arises is as to what actually perpetuates deviance among adolescents. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches in designs and it was conducted in the Central region of Malawi in Dowa district. Data was collected using questionnaires and oral interviews, and it was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. It was established that parenting techniques, peer group influence and school environment could contribute to adolescent deviant behaviours and that through counselling, discipline could be installed in schools. It was reported that adolescents were involved in deviant acts for the sake of conformity because they see their friends doing the same. Adolescents behave antisocially to be accepted and for association. At school adolescents get affected in one way or the other as they are socialised either positively or negatively by their fellow students and teachers. Counselling is identified as the proper and effective way of minimising delinquency among school going adolescents. Parents should provide parental care to their children. Schools should be located in conducive environments and students and teachers must observe social distance between them.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"110 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76033949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long Term Follow up in Children with Anxiety Disorders Treated withAcceptance and Commitment Therapy or Cognitive Behavioral Therapy:Outcomes and Predictors","authors":"K. Hancock, J. Swain, Cass, R. Hainsworth, S. Koo, Angela Dixon","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000317","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Anxiety disorders in children are the most prevalent of mental health conditions, but also the most treatable. However, a significant number do not benefit from treatment and these places them at risk for future psychiatric disturbance. Whilst Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is gaining rapid evidence for its utility in treating a variety of disorders, research in children and adolescence is at an early stage. This paper reports on 2 year follow-up (2YFU) outcomes of the first randomized controlled trial of ACT and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in children with a DSM-IV diagnosis of anxiety disorders. Method: Of the 111 children from urban Sydney, Australia who completed treatment (10-week group-based program of ACT or CBT). A total of 79 (40 ACT and 39 CBT) were assessed at 2YFU. Pre-treatment, posttreatment, 3 months (3MFU) and 2YFU assessments included clinician/self/parent-reported measures of anxiety, anxiety-related quality of life (QOL) and acceptance/defusion outcomes. Several baseline predictors of anxiety outcome were also examined. Results: Positive findings were obtained for both ACT and CBT in terms of long-term maintenance of gains. Across measures, highly significant improvements observed at post and 3MFU were maintained at 2YFU. At post approximately one-third of participants in both treatment groups no longer met criteria for any anxiety disorder, with further improvement evident at 3MFU. Continued improvement was observed at 2YFU, with 45% of ACT and 60% of CBT participants diagnosis free (non-significant difference). Both completer and intention to treat analyses found ACT and CBT to produce similar outcomes. The only significant predictors in the short-term were pre-treatment severity and age. At 2YFU, no significant predictors were identified. However, most participants were in the severe anxiety category pre-treatment, limiting the exploration of severity as a predictor. Conclusion: Both ACT and CBT have shown similar long terms benefits for children with anxiety disorders. There was no clear or strong pattern of baseline predictors of outcomes. Further research is needed to explore this area.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79969757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental Trend of the Effect of Disgust Emotion on Moral Judgement in Children and Adolescents","authors":"Ming Peng, Lei Chang, C. Tse","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000318","url":null,"abstract":"Disgusting emotion was evolved to avoid disease infection. When the risk of contracting disease increases, people become more compliant with social rules to avoid the infection of disease. Previous studies showed that when primed with disgusting emotion (vs. neutral emotion), young adults rated moral violation behaviors more severely. In the present study, we examined the developmental trend of the influence of primed disgusting emotion on moral judgment across age groups. Participants rated either disgusting or neutral pictures and then completed a standardized moral questionnaire. Results showed that 10 and 16-year-old participants’, but not 6 or 13-year-old participants, rated the moral violations more severely when disgust primed. These findings suggest that the influence of disgusting emotion on moral judgements is not constant but varies at different developmental stages.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"36 23","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2375-4494.1000318","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72369674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status and Menarcheal Age of Rural Adolescent Girls ofSalboni Block of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India","authors":"K. De","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives of study: • To study mean age at Menarche of studied population. • To study whatever nutritional status effects mean age at menarche. Design: This is a cross sectional study which is done on 1009 Adolescent girls who belong to Salboni block of district Paschim Medinipur of West Bengal, India. To study effect of nutrition on age at menarche, different anthropometric measurements are applied. Setting: Data was collected from adolescent health clinic named Anwesha Clinic which is under Salboni Rural hospital, West Medinipur. Participants: Participants are 10-19 years adolescent who are resident of Salboni (Rural) block, and belongs to agriculture based family, they are selected randomly for study. Major outcomes: Data are collected on basis of hypothesis, menacheal age, nutritional status of studied girls who came to know from research. Result: Among studied sample 896 girls had experienced menarche, their mean age at menarche is 11.88 years (1.23). At 10 mean height of premenarche girls is 145.88 cm, postmenarcheal girls is 146.33 cm), Body mass Index had increased progressively from 13 years to 19 years of age where overall increase was (1.89 kg/m2) from 10 to 19 years which is statistically significant with age (F=17.3, P<0.001), Percent body fat is statistically significant with Age (F=38.7, P<0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional status are better in Postmenarcheal girls than Premenarcheal girls, The study represents typical differential rates of positive change in different body composition measures after the attainment of menarche.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"27 4 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85542481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Self-rated Psychopathic Traits and Psychopathology in a Sample of Finnish Community Youth: Exploration of Gender Differences","authors":"Svetlana Oshukova, R. Kaltiala-Heino, J. Miettunen, R. Marttila, P. Tani, E. Aronen, M. Marttunen, M. Kaivosoja, N. Lindberg","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Associations between psychopathic traits and other forms of psychopathology among youth in the community, as well as gender differences in these associations have been scarcely studied yet. The present study aimed to explore this relationship in a sample of Finnish mid-adolescent girls and boys. Methods: The sample comprised 370 secondary school ninth-graders with the mean age of 15.1 years (SD 0.28). The Youth Psychopathic traits Inventory (YPI) and the Youth Self Report (YSR) served as self-assessments. Results: Boys showed significantly higher traits of psychopathy, but girls scored significantly higher on the Total Problems as well as on the majority of the syndrome scales on the YSR. In both genders, psychopathic traits correlated highly with rule-breaking and aggressive behavior, moderately with attention and thought complaints, and modestly with depression, anxiety, withdrawal and social problems. The correlations between psychopathic traits and somatic problems were moderate in boys, but modest in girls. The correlations showed only a few statistically significant gender differences: the correlation between the Affective dimension of the YPI and the rule-breaking behavior syndrome scale of the YSR, as well as the correlation between the Interpersonal dimension of the YPI and somatic problems were stronger in boys than in girls. Conclusions: Even though boys show higher traits of psychopathy and girls exhibit more general psychopathology, the correlations between psychopathic traits and other forms of psychopathology closely resemble each other. In both genders, psychopathic traits correlate positively with both externalizing and internalizing problems. The callous-unemotional traits correlate more strongly with rule-breaking behavior in boys than in girls. Screening for psychopathic traits among adolescents with psychosocial adjustment problems seems relevant.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81387340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Executive Functions in Preschool-Aged Children withAutism Spectrum Disorders: Usefulness and Limitation of BRIEF-P inClinical Practice","authors":"M. D. Renzo, F. B. D. Castelbianco, E. Vanadia, M. Petrillo, Lidia Racinaro, M. Stracqualursi, M. Rea","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000313","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the context of executive functioning in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and verifies the degree of agreement between the compilation of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) by parents and therapists. To this end, parents and professionals of 46 ASD children aged between 24 and 71 months completed the BRIEF-P in order to highlight the level of agreement between these two different evaluators and then investigate the correlations between executive functions impairment, the degree of autistic symptomatology, the level of cognitive development, the chronological age and the therapy duration. The results showed that parents tend to underestimate the impairment of executive functions in ASD children compared to what estimated by specialized operators. A low level of agreement was found between the two evaluators. Moreover, both for parents and professionals, the EF impairment was not related to the severity of autistic symptoms, assessed with the ADOS-2, while it was correlated to cognitive development in professional evaluations, and to chronological age and therapy duration in parental evaluations. These results indicate that, even if among the pathogenic assumptions about ASDs there has been included also that of the EF impairment, this, if present, does not correlate with the severity of autistic symptoms. With regard to cognitive development, the greater correlation between cognitive and executive impairment seems to be rather obvious. The use of the BRIEF-P completed by parents allows them a greater awareness but does not add clinical data to the diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"23 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82427265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Parenting Styles and Parents′ Perfectionism onChildrens′ Sense of Entitlement in the City of Bandarabbas, Iran","authors":"Mohammadrasool Yadegarfard, Nasim Yadegarfard","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000315","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the influence of parenting style and parents’ perfectionism on children’s sense of entitlement in the city of Bandarabbas, Iran. A total of 414 respondents, of whom 207 were parents and 207 were children, filled in the study's questionnaire, which had been designed to assess the primary variables of parenting style (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive), parents’ perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented, and sociallyprescribed), and levels of children’s sense of entitlement. The results revealed that the parent-participants perceived their use of an authoritative parenting style as high and, in terms of their sense of perfectionism; they perceived themselves as high in both other-oriented perfectionism and socially-prescribed perfectionism. Also the childrenparticipants did not seem to possess a high sense of entitlement. The result of the hypothesis testing shows that the more the parent-participants subscribed to a sense of self-oriented perfectionism, the lower the sense of entitlement expressed by their children.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81087625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}