Journal of child and adolescent behavior最新文献

{"title":"It′s Time to Ask the Right Questions: Highlighting Critical Areas toExplore Cyberbullying in Adolescents","authors":"K. Afzal","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Cyberbullying is recognized as a serious public health problem in youth and increasingly linked with both short and long term psychological, physiological and social consequences. In the age of social media, clinicians are expected to have a low threshold of suspicion for cyberbullying; however, an insufficient awareness of its prevalence along with a lack of available standardized interviewing techniques may become a barrier for its uniform assessment. This editorial underscores the importance of learning the differences between both traditional bullying and cyberbullying and to encourage providers to adopt creative ways to interview youth for early recognition and timely intervention.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90063652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of Attributions of Low Achievers and High Achievers about thePerceived Causes of their Success and Failure: the Case of AdolescentStudents in Secondary Schools - Malawi","authors":"Ganizani Likupe, M. Mwale","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000312","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to investigate the attributions of high and low achieving students about the perceived causes of their success and failure. It is of vital importance in the teaching and learning process, as attribution entails beliefs and explanations of low achievers and high achievers about their success and failures. The major objective of the study was to apply the attribution theory in school situations and to test the validity of results. The results will be very helpful to provide a guideline for students as well as for practitioners such as teachers and student teachers in the field of education. The study is important with reference to the motivation of students for learning. The results of the study may be useful for both low achievers and high achievers to improve and also to change their beliefs about the causes of their success and failure. The results were obtained from various students and teachers in secondary school in Blantyre. Questionnaires, focus group discussion and informal interviews were used to collect data for the study. The study found that indeed students attribute success and failure to various components such as ability, effort, task difficulty and luck as propounded by the attribution theory by Weiner and Heider. The attributions however differ from individual to individual depending on the ability and experience of the students. The comparison of high achievers and low achievers showed that high achievers attributed their success and failure mostly to effort and ability. On the other hand, low achievers associated their test and examinations outcomes with luck and task difficulty.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74153613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Soybean Products in School Lunch for Health Education mayimprove ChildrenâÂÂs Attitude and Guardiansâ Knowledge in Kindergarten","authors":"Tomoko Osera, Setsuko Tsutie, Misako Kobayashi, N. Kurihara","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000310","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean products are healthy and an important source of vegetable protein in Japan. This study examines the effects of using soybean products at home and decreasing children’s dislike of soybean products. A quasiexperimental pre-post-test design was utilised to examine the effect of using school lunch programs to assess the consumption of soybean products. The study’s participants included 309 children (mean 4.2 ± 0.8 ages) attending kindergarten and nursery facilities. We compared the score among the 3 groups (Intervention, Comparison A and Comparison B) before and after the intervention. Children thinking about ‘respect for food’ was significantly higher in the intervention groups than the comparison group (p<0.01, p=N.S, p=N.S, by Fisher’s exact test). The improvement in knowledge about nutrition education in the intervention group and Comparison A was significantly higher than comparison B (p<0.01, p<0.01, p=N.S). Health education involving the soybeans program may lead to an increase in thinking about ‘respect for food’ among kindergarten children and an increase giving knowledge in their guardians.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"466 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83026848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and Validity of the Eleven Item Kutcher Adolescent DepressionScale, Chinese Version (KADS-11CV)","authors":"Hui-qing Zhou, Nan Hao, Yasong Du, Yanyu Liu, Yutong Sui, Yanhua Wang, Yanan Cui, Qiuping Zhong, Xiujuan Jiao, Yifeng Wei, S. Kutcher","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000308","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are few tools specifically designed to assess adolescent Depression in China. Methods: Students (3,180) aged 11-17 years were approached through Multistage stratified cluster sampling method in 6 provinces and one municipality and evaluated using KADS-11CV and Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Students (435) whose CDI score was equal to or greater than 19 were included to be diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria for Depression. KADS-11CV and CDI were completed again by 73 students from Shanghai sample to analyze the test-retest reliability one month later. Results: The Cronbach’s α coefficient, spilt-half reliability coefficient and the test-retest Pearson’s r for the KADS-11CV was 0.84, 0.77 (P<0.01), 0.77 (P<0.01). The fitting index of the two-factor model is better than that of the one-factor model for the KADS-11CV; The correlation coefficient between scale scores of KADS-11CV and CDI is 0.74 (P<0.01); KADS-11 scores of those students identified with Depression were significantly higher than that of non-depressed group (P<0.001). The current study determined the optimal cut-off point of KADS-11CV is a total score ≥9, and at this cutoff, sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90% respectively. Conclusion: The KADS-11CV is appropriate for use with Chinese adolescents because of its good reliability, validity and diagnostic accuracy, it can be used to assess depressive mood for adolescents.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"2002 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88380276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural versus Trained Maternal Expression in a Social ReferencingParadigm","authors":"M. Ng, Greco Mg, K. Pollard, J. Williams, H. Bell, A. Livesay, N. Tucker","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000309","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the social referencing literature, mothers were used as emoters and trained to express prototypical expressions. The concern with using trained expressions is that this may not be how mothers naturally convey emotional information to their infants. Half of the mothers were trained to present prototypical vocal and emotional expressions of fear, happiness, and neutrality as they delivered a social referencing message to a toy and then allowed the infant time to interact with it. The other half were instructed to naturally convey these emotions to their infants. Untrained mothers used more affect and gestures when communicating compared to untrained mothers. Older infants touched the toy most when hearing happiness and least when hearing fear, while younger infants did the opposite. Maternal training did not have an effect on infant interaction with the toys, which suggests that training may not be a necessary component of social referencing paradigms.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75183385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To be or Not to be; the Choice will Always be ours, Percussions ofChronic Physical Illnesses on Pediatric Mental Health","authors":"E. Zaky","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000E110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000E110","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosocial adversities are not uncommon among children with chronic physical illnesses who survived because of the improved management of such disorders and health care’s quality. Accordingly, mental health assessment and treatment of any concomitant mental disorder is a crucial part of the management plan of chronically physically ill children and adolescents. Addressing the psychosocial, psychiatric, educational, and vocational needs of those children and adolescents by a multidisciplinary professional team with appropriate family and social support are essential to help them to cope with their illnesses and achieve their ultimate goals in life. Finally, it is very worthy to let those young individuals learn by experience and modeling that “to be or not to be” will always be our choice and none else.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74005612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Sleep Problems and Psychopathic Features: A Study of Finnish Adolescents","authors":"Heidi Backman, T. Laajasalo, S. Saukkonen, Venla Salmi, M. Jokela, E. Aronen","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000301","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study investigated sleep and psychopathic features in a population-based sample of 4855 Finnish adolescents. Method: Sleep was evaluated by questions about the frequency and persistence of sleep problems and the amount of sleep on school and weekend nights. Psychopathic features were measured with Antisocial Process Screening Device-Self Report (APSD-SR). Results: Frequent and persistent sleep problems was reported by 5% of the adolescents while 3.2% of adolescents had continuous short sleep, 7 hours or less on both school and weekend nights. Higher scores on the APSD-SR measure were associated with both sleep problems and short sleep. Conclusion: We conclude that severe problems of sleep quality and quantity among adolescents may be associated with vulnerability to lack of behavioral control and prosocial behavior.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"11 4 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Health and Vulnerability Factors of Minors in Police Custody: AProspective Cohort Study","authors":"M. Lemesle, N. Vabres, G. Picherot, E. Launay, R. Clement, C. G. Guen","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"Study background: There is currently no data available regarding overall health and vulnerability factors for minors (i.e. those aged under 18) who have been placed in police custody in France. The purpose of this study was to define the sociodemographic characteristics of this population. We hypothesized that most of these teenagers can be deemed as being abused or neglected. Methods: We carried out a prospective study that included minors of 13 to 18 years of age who had been placed in custody at the Central Police Station of Nantes (France), from October 2012 to May 2013. The sociodemographic characteristics, scores for quality of life, and the data collected from the social and judiciary services were analysed to identify abused or neglected teenagers. Results: Ninety-nine cases were included. The identified population was mostly comprised of males, most commonly 16 years of age, who had been placed in custody for robbery. Their scores for quality of life were not statistically different from those of the general population. While 50% had already been identified by child protection services, our study shows that 84.8% of this population should nonetheless be considered as being abused or neglected. Conclusion: Compulsory health screening could provide an opportunity to detect abused or neglected teenagers, and consequently to provide them with access to appropriate care, as well as their referral to the relevant social and judiciary services so that the need for deploying specific protection to them can be assessed.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81016095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inconsistent Paternal Behavior Predicts Turkish Immigrant and GermanChildren s and Adolescents Mental Health","authors":"J. Jaekel, B. Leyendecker, Alex, ru Agache","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000307","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Data about Turkish immigrant fathers in Germany is scarce and it is not known how their parenting behavior may affect their children’s outcomes. The aim of this longitudinal study was to test whether Turkish immigrant and German fathers’ inconsistent discipline predicted their children’s mental health. Methods: Turkish immigrant (n=115) and German fathers (n=76) were administered the Inconsistent Discipline Scale items of the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire (APQ). One year later, fathers rated their children’s (N=191; age range 6-16 years; n=97 (50.8%) male) mental health with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Self-reported levels of inconsistent discipline were the same among Turkish immigrant and German fathers. Turkish immigrant children had higher peer relationship problem scores compared with German children but there were no ethnic differences in total difficulties, emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivityinattention, and prosocial behavior. Multivariate regression analyses showed that both Turkish immigrant and German fathers’ inconsistent discipline predicted higher total difficulties (s=0.24; p=0.001), hyperactivity-inattention (s=0.20; p=0.007), peer problems (s=0.21; p=0.005), and lower prosocial behavior (s=-0.21; p=0.004) after statistically controlling for child gender and age, as well as paternal education. There were no effects of inconsistent behavior on emotional symptoms and hyperactivity-inattention. Conclusion: The negative effects of fathers’ inconsistent discipline on children’s and adolescents’ mental health are similar in the Turkish immigrant and German native population. Fathers’ use of consistent parenting behavior may be a potential target for parenting interventions aimed at improving youth mental health.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"319 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89134243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Complex Multimodal Interventions the Best Treatments for MentalHealth Disorders in Children and Youth","authors":"P. Silverstone, V. Suen, Rachel Ashton, Deena M. Hamza, Erin K. Martin, K. Rittenbach","doi":"10.4172/2375-4494.1000305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000305","url":null,"abstract":"There is a pressing need for effective interventions to treat mental health disorders in children and youth. There is evidence for increasing incidence rates across a wide range of conditions, and these can lead to very significant long-term impacts. They include depression, anxiety, abuse of drugs and alcohol, and the impacts of a variety of traumas. Recently we have carried out a number of studies in which complex and multimodal interventions were either introduced and then studied, or were on-going but hadn’t previously been rigorously tested for efficacy. Here we present a review based upon some of these multimodal programs which examined outcomes in: (1) a schoolbased program to reduce depression and suicidal thinking in youth aged 11-17 years old in which all students were screened on an electronic tablet using standard scales for depression and suicidal thinking followed by the option of an internet-based cognitive behavioural program; (2) a screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) program to help youth aged 11-17 years old who had significant drug and/or alcohol abuse in which initial screening for drug and alcohol use was followed by the options of an internet-based cognitive behavioural program and referral to child and adolescent specialists; and (3) outcomes following trauma experienced by children aged 5-12 years old in two separate programs in which a complex intervention was used involving 2-3 hours of weekly interventions for both the child and a primary care-giver. The depression, suicidal thinking, and drug and alcohol results were from a large school-based program involving over 6,200 youth termed the Empowering a Multimodal Pathway Towards Healthy Youth (EMPATHY) program, for which 15-month outcomes are recently available. The other two programs treated child victims of trauma. These were firstly in an intensive 8-12 month outpatient intervention program with 50 children aged 5-11 years old who developed an attachment disorder following trauma, given in a dyad model involving their primary caregiver. Secondly, in a 12-month program for 40 children aged 8-12 years old who were victims of childhood sexual abuse, which included intermittent residential treatment. The details of the programs varied greatly, but all involved multimodal methods of treatment. In terms of outcomes, all of these programs found significant longer-term improvements in multiple areas. In conclusion, our findings from this review suggest that future research and clinical programs should consider multimodal approaches for the treatment of mental health disorders in children and youth, and future research should directly compare such programs to individual therapeutic approaches.","PeriodicalId":90208,"journal":{"name":"Journal of child and adolescent behavior","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89299793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}