Blood Pressure最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, awareness and therapeutic control of hypertension in Belgium: an opportunistic screening of nearly 6,000 participants during the May Measurement Month campaigns 2017-23.","authors":"D De Bacquer, S Bayet, A Bondue, F Brohée, S Brouwers, A Carlier, M Chabot, P Delmotte, B Falque, H Heuten, J Huart, J M Krzesinski, A Persu, T Robberechts, T Vanassche, E Van Der Beken, Ph Van de Borne, P Van der Niepen, B Van Nieuwenhuyse, J Vanparys, T De Backer","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2501956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2025.2501956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative is an annual global screening campaign started in 2017 by the International Society of Hypertension highlighting the importance of regular measurements of blood pressure (BP). Here we report on the results of the MMM campaign done in Belgium during the month of May in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants ≥18 years were recruited through opportunistic sampling in 12 sites (mostly hospital entrances) across Belgium. Apart from standardised BP recordings by trained staff, data were collected on demographics, lifestyle factors and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as raised BP (systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg) and/or taking antihypertensive medication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 5,926 participants aged 51.5 years on average. Mean (SD) systolic and diastolic BP were 125.9 (17.6) mmHg and 79.4 (10.9) mmHg with 25.8% exceeding the 140/90 mmHg threshold. Age-standardised prevalences of hypertension were 45.4% in men and 36.9% in women. Among the 2,468 individuals with hypertension, 78.5% had been previously diagnosed and 1,578 of those with known hypertension, received antihypertensive treatment. Only about half of those being treated (56.3%) did achieve the target of systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mmHg. Inadequate therapeutic control was independently associated with increasing age and higher body mass index. Untreated hypertension was significantly associated with male sex, age, body mass index and alcohol use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the limited representativeness of the sample, these data suggest that the 'rule of halves' for hypertension no longer holds true in Belgium and that therapeutic control of hypertension is still suboptimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":"34 1","pages":"2501956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of amlodipine-based therapy on blood pressure time in target range in Chinese adults with primary hypertension: a retrospective study.","authors":"Hongyi Wang, Yuqing Zhang, Jinxiu Lin, Yan Shu, Peili Bu, Zhaohui Wang, Wei Song, Yi Zhang, Wei Yu, Ningling Sun","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2510317","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2510317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recently, both international and Chinese guidelines have mentioned for the first time that blood pressure (BP) target range is more reasonable and workable than BP target in clinical practice, and time in target range (TTR) could become a potential evaluation indicator for long-term blood pressure management. Until now, there was no research on the long-term effects of antihypertensive treatment on systolic BP (SBP) TTR. The objective, therefore, is to observe the impact of long-acting calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on BP TTR in Chinese patients with hypertension (HTN).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted using data from the China Cardiovascular Association Hypertension Centre, including 36,153 adult patients diagnosed with primary HTN and treated with amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. The primary endpoint was the SBP TTR. Other endpoints included the annual trend of SBP TTR, factors influencing SBP TTR, etc.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed an overall SBP TTR was 80.42 ± 21.97%. The SBP TTR at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up was 79.49 ± 26.16%, 81.86 ± 25.10% and 82.79 ± 25.77%, respectively, showing a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Seven factors were positively correlated with SBP TTR, while three factors were negatively correlated with SBP TTR including heart failure, high baseline SBP level, and high LDL-C level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long-term and continuous use of amlodipine-based antihypertensive therapy could improve SBP TTR. This finding may relate to the characteristic of amlodipine which is a long-acting drug due to pharmacokinetic properties.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2400090150.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2510317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144207522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ACEI/ARB and short-term prognosis in dialysis patients with hypertension admitted to intensive care unit.","authors":"Shuoyan An, Zixiang Ye, Wuqiang Che, Yanxiang Gao, Xiaoyan Duo, Xingliang Li, Jiahui Li, Jingang Zheng","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2483864","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2483864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To investigate the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARB) and short-term prognosis in dialysis patients with hypertension admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with a diagnosis of hypertension and dialysis who received antihypertensive agents during hospitalisation were included. Based on whether treated with ACEI/ARB, patients were divided to ACEI/ARB group and non- ACEI/ARB group. In-hospital mortality and 30-day all-cause mortality were compared between the two groups in the overall participants and after propensity score matching.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 647 patients, among which 227 (34.70%) were treated with ACEI/ARB. Compared to the non-ACEI/ARB group, fewer patients in the ACEI/ARB group suffered from atrial fibrillation/flutter (17.2% vs 31.9%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The overall hospital mortality rate was 5.1%, and 9.0% of patients died during the 30-day follow-up period. ACEI/ARB group were with better clinical outcomes during hospitalisation (2.2% vs 6.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.023) and after 30-day follow-up (5.3% vs 11.0%, <i>p</i> = 0.016). ACEI/ARB treatment was independently associated with lower risk of hospital mortality (OR 0.24, 96% CI: 0.051 - 0.82, <i>p</i> = 0.038) and 30-day mortality (HR 0.36, 95% CI:0.15-0.89, <i>p</i> = 0.029) after adjusting confounding factors. After propensity score matching (PSM, 112 pairs), the ACEI/ARB group showed higher in-hospital (99.1% vs 91.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and 30-day (95.5% vs 88.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.048) survival rates compared to the control group. ACEI/ARB was identified as an independent protector for 30-day mortality in the matched cohort (HR 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.95, <i>p</i> = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACEI/ARB treatment showed a significant association with improved in-hospital and 30-day outcomes in dialysis patients with hypertension in the ICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2483864"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143690953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More intensive versus conservative blood pressure lowering after endovascular therapy in stroke: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","authors":"Ahmed Naji Mansoor, Vatsalya Choudhary, Zain Mohammad Nasser, Muskan Jain, Dhruvikumari Dayanand Sharma, Mateo Jaramillo Villegas, Sujaritha Janarthanam, Muhammad Ayyan, Simran Ravindra Nimal, Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema, Muhammad Ehsan, Muhammad Aemaz Ur Rehman, Abdulqadir Nashwan, Sourbha S Dani","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2475314","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2475314","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The optimum systolic blood pressure (BP) after endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke is uncertain. We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the safety and efficacy of more intensive BP management compared to less intensive BP management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched various electronic databases to retrieve relevant RCTs on the clinical effects of more intensive BP management after endovascular thrombectomy compared to the less intensive management. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our meta-analysis included four RCTs with a total of 1560 patients. More intensive BP management (<140 mmHg) was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the number of patients showing functional independence (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score = 0-2) at 90 days (OR 0.69; CI = 0.51-0.94). Regarding 90-day mortality, our pooled results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (OR 1.21; CI = 0.89-1.65). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) (OR 1.09; CI = 0.85-1.39) and the incidence of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (sICH) (OR 1.11; CI = 0.75-1.65).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>According to our meta-analysis, the intensive BP lowering group decreased the number of patients showing functional independence at 90 days. We found no benefit of the intensive lowering of BP on mortality rates and incidence of ICH compared to the conservative BP management. Future large-scale trials should focus on other interventions to improve prognosis in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2475314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient perceptions, motivations and barriers to treatment adherence in hypertension: results of a questionnaire-based survey in five European countries.","authors":"Michel Burnier, Michel Azizi, Julien Magne, Aleksander Prejbisz, Vitoria Cunha, Pankaj Gupta, Jan Vaclavik, Jorie Versmissen, Véronique Cornelissen, Maria Dorobantu, Giovambattista Desideri, Alexandre Persu, Sverre E Kjeldsen, Reinhold Kreutz, Thomas Weber","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2513434","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2513434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To assess perceptions, motivations and barriers to treatment adherence depending on emotional, lifestyle, medical and non-adherence risk profiles in hypertensive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>Cross-sectional data were obtained using an online anonymous survey. Four distinct global risk scores (medical, lifestyle, emotional and quality of life (QoL) and non-adherence risk scores) were calculated based on the responses to specific groups of questions. A total of 2615 treated hypertensive patients (≥18 years of age) from 5 European countries completed the questionnaire. Mean (SD) age was 69.6 years (5.8); 54% males. Overall, antihypertensive therapy represented a low burden in patients' daily life (2.9/10 in the Likert scale). Perfect self-reported adherence was claimed by 59.8% of participants. Reporting of non-adherence episodes to physicians was low (13% always/often). Participants with a high non-adherence risk score had a greater number of associated diseases (obesity, sleep disturbances, depression and cardiac complications), a higher treatment-associated burden on daily life, a greater stress level and more antihypertensive pills per day (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). No correlation was found between the clinical and lifestyle risk scores and the risk of non-adherence. The emotional score correlated significantly with the non-adherence risk score (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Comparing patients with a low/middle risk to those with a high risk of non-adherence, female gender and age >65 years were associated with a lower odd ratio of non-adherence whereas depression, stress, family hardships, negative information on drugs and poor information were associated with higher odds of non-adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This large survey reveals several underestimated issues regarding patients' perspective in hypertension. It highlights the impact of emotions, exposure to family hardships, and stress on the risk of non-adherence. Non-adherence is underreported by patients; hence it remains mostly unrecognised.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2513434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of race-free eGFR equations in individuals of different ethnicity.","authors":"De-Wei An, Gontse G Mokwatsi, Dong-Yan Zhang, Dries S Martens, Yu-Ling Yu, Babangida S Chori, Augustine N Odili, Ruan Kruger, Lebo F Gafane-Matemane, Justyna Siwy, Agnieszka Latosinska, Harald Mischak, Catharina Mc Mels, Aletta E Schutte, Jean-René M'Buyamba-Kabangu, Tim S Nawrot, Yan Li, Jan A Staessen","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2533456","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2533456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from serum creatinine (eGFR_cr), cystatin C (eGFR_cys), or both (eGFR_cr-cys) by race-free equations are recommended staging chronic kidney disease (CKD). The current study aimed to compare these race-free eGFR equations for screening for low-grade CKD in Blacks and non-Blacks and to evaluate their association with mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Race-free eGFR equations were evaluated in four studies with specific inclusion criteria based on the original research goals: African-PREDICT (341/380 healthy Black/White South Africans), FLEMENGHO (709 White community-dwelling Flemish), NHANES (1760/7931 Black and non-Black adult Americans), and 401 Black African patients hospitalised in Mbuji Mayi, Democratic Republic of Congo. The intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland and Altman statistics were used to assess consistency between eGFR equations and multivariable logistic or Cox regression to evaluate their association with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intraindividual discordance between eGFRs was larger in Black than non-Black NHANES and African-PREDICT participants. In NHANES, eGFR_cr-cys was greater than eGFR_cr, but smaller than eGFR_cys, and replacing eGFR_cr-cys by eGFR_cr moved 25% Blacks and 15% non-Blacks to a higher (worse) eGFR KDIGO stage. In African-PREDICT and FLEMENGO, half of the measured creatinine clearance to eGFR ratios fell outside the expected 1.1-1.2 band. In NHANES, multivariable hazard ratios for total and cardiovascular mortality in relation to CKD grade were all lower than unity for grade-1 CKD and greater than unity for grade ≥3 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001) without any racial difference (0.11≤<i>p</i> ≤ 0.98). These NHANES findings were consistent, if CKD stage was replaced by eGFR and in subgroup analyses. Whereas eGFR_cys and eGFR_cr-cys refined models, eGFR_cr did not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The NHANES mortality outcomes support the use of eGFR_cys and eGFR_cr-cys. However, large intraindividual variability between eGFR estimates may lead to KDIGO eGFR stage misclassification and calls for caution in the opportunistic or systematic screening for CKD in asymptomatic individuals with prevention as objective.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2533456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypertension and burden of myocardial infarction in China: risk factors, gender differences and temporal trends from a National Chronic Disease Surveillance study (2021-2023).","authors":"Xiaoling Zhang, Dan Huang, Jianxun Zhao, Jinhui Wu","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2487584","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2487584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Myocardial infarction (MI) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with rising prevalence in China. Hypertension persists as a predominant modifiable risk factor. This study investigates MI prevalence, trends and risk factors using data from China CDC's Chronic Disease Surveillance program. <b>Methods:</b> Data from 258,742 participants (2021-2023) were analysed. Demographic characteristics, risk factors and gender/urban-rural disparities in MI prevalence were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression identified significant risk factors. <b>Results:</b> Hypertension was the leading MI risk factor (64.3%), followed by dyslipidaemia (58.6%) and smoking (42.3%). Men had higher MI prevalence than women (58.2% <i>vs</i>. 41.8%), and urban residents surpassed rural residents (56.7% <i>vs.</i> 43.3%), with significant lifestyle disparities (e.g. physical inactivity and smoking). Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 60 years (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 2.46-3.08), hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking and obesity (BMI ≥ 25) as key risk factors. MI incidence increased by 3.14% nationally from 2021 to 2023. <b>Conclusions:</b> China's MI burden is escalating, with notable gender, age and residence disparities. Older adults and individuals with hypertension, dyslipidaemia, smoking or obesity face elevated risks. Hypertension contributes to nearly two-thirds of MI cases, emphasising the urgency for targeted prevention strategies, particularly in high-risk groups (hypertensive individuals, older adults and urban populations).</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2487584"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between smartphone screen time and exaggerated blood pressure response during treadmill exercise testing: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Muhammet Geneş, Cem Barçin","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2533452","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2533452","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between exaggerated hypertensive response to exercise (EHRE), mobile phone screen time and daily physical activity levels, with a focus on potential lifestyle-related factors that contribute to cardiovascular risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational case-control study enrolled 85 participants, who were categorised into an Exaggerated Hypertensive Response to Exercise (EHRE) group (<i>n</i> = 33) and a normotensive control group (<i>n</i> = 52). Participants underwent a standardised treadmill exercise test to identify EHRE. Objective data on daily mobile phone screen time and step counts were collected directly from the smartphones' native tracking applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to controls, participants with EHRE exhibited significantly higher daily mobile phone screen time (6.1 ± 1.2 h/day vs. 4.7 ± 0.9 h/day; <i>p</i> < .001), greater weekly screen time in dim-light conditions (e.g. in bed at night) (14.5 ± 3.4 h/week vs. 7.0 ± 2.1 h/week; <i>p</i> < .001), a longer duration of mobile phone usage (19.7 ± 1.9 years vs. 17.7 ± 1.5 years; <i>p</i> = .002) and notably lower daily step counts (4120 ± 950 steps/day vs. 6830 ± 1120 steps/day; <i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Increased mobile phone screen time and reduced physical activity levels were significantly associated with EHRE, suggesting that these factors are relevant as modifiable behavioural risk factors. These findings support the integration of digital behavioural metrics into preventive cardiovascular risk management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2533452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse trends in antihypertensive medication usage among U.S. Adults with hypertension by socioeconomic status and comorbidities, 1999-2020.","authors":"Junwen Wang, Yuyang Ye, Xuefeng Chen, Xinru Hu, Yong Peng","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2506081","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2506081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a global health concern, and antihypertensive medications are vital for its management. This study examined evolving trends in antihypertensive medication usage among adults with hypertension from 1999 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 10 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) survey cycles were obtained for adults aged 18 years and older with hypertension. The study analysed demographic, drug classification and demographic variables. All statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were used to assess trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 18,221 hypertensive participants, diverse characteristics were observed. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors increased from 26.18% in 1999 to 32.76% in 2020 (linear <i>p</i> = 0.001). Angiotensin receptor blocker use rose from 10.36% to 26.57%. Beta blocker usage increased from 28.98% in 1999 to 42.50% in 2010, plateauing at approximately 40% from 2011 to 2020 (quadratic <i>p</i> < 0.001). Calcium channel blocker (CCB) utilisation increased from 16.70% in 1999 to 20.46% in 2020 (linear <i>p</i> < 0.001). Diuretic (DU) use decreased from 32.70% in 1999 to 26.34% in 2020 (quadratic <i>p</i> = 0.009). The use of antihypertensive medications varies across different demographic groups and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ACEI, ARB and CCB usage increased, while DU usage decreased. BB utilisation stabilised at a high rate. Antihypertensive drug use displayed diverse trends across demographic groups and comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2506081"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea.","authors":"Zhe Hu, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2507680","DOIUrl":"10.1080/08037051.2025.2507680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of primary aldosteronism (PA) in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in a newly established cohort, given inconsistencies in previous studies and intolerance to drug washout in some cases.</p><p><strong>Design and method: </strong>A single-centre cross-sectional study enrolled 316 hypertensive patients diagnosed with OSA <i>via</i> polysomnography. All participants underwent PA screening, followed by confirmatory testing for positive cases. Patients with confirmed PA underwent further subtype diagnosis and were assigned to the OSA and PA group. Those unable to undergo antihypertensive drug washout but with a high clinical suspicion of PA were categorised into the OSA and suspected PA group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 316 patients, 41 (13.0%) were PA. The prevalence was 4.8% in OSA alone, and 50.0% in OSA with hypokalaemia. Compared to the OSA group, the OSA and PA group had a lower proportion of current smokers, a longer duration of hypertension, lower serum triglycerides, lower serum potassium, higher plasma aldosterone concentration, urinary aldosterone excretion, and lower renin. Multivariable logistic regression showed that the diagnosis of PA in OSA patients was positively associated with hypertension duration, and negatively associated with serum potassium levels and smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PA screening may be considered in patients with hypertension and OSA; however, given the relatively low prevalence in those with OSA alone, routine screening may not be cost-effective. In contrast, the presence of hypokalaemia was strongly associated with a higher prevalence of PA, suggesting that targeted screening is warranted in this subgroup.</p>","PeriodicalId":9000,"journal":{"name":"Blood Pressure","volume":" ","pages":"2507680"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}