ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Spray Drying of Regenerated Silk: Understanding and Controlling Particle Size and Solubility","authors":"Illa Tewari,&nbsp;Martin Zaki,&nbsp;David A. V. Morton,&nbsp;Rangam Rajkhowa and Benjamin J. Allardyce*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0060010.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00600https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00600","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study demonstrates the use of spray drying as a versatile processing technique to produce regenerated silk powders with a controllable particle size and solubility. After overcoming silk’s shear sensitivity and establishing a usable processing window, semicrystalline silk powders were produced. The impact of silk properties and spray drying conditions on powder properties was then explored. Spray drying produced spherical hollow or collapsed particles similar to other spray dried proteins; particle size could be controlled from a d(50) of less than 5 to almost 40 μm through altering feedstock concentration. Interestingly, the silk secondary structure, which typically dictates silk solubility, was resilient to changes in spray drying conditions: all powder samples ranged from 39 to 42% β-sheet content. Yet despite these findings, silk solubility could be controlled from less than 4% to nearly 60% purely by changing fibroin molecular weight and, to a lesser extent, concentration. Given the commercial viability of spray drying, this study demonstrates significant potential for the production of powders with controllable properties for a range of possible applications, from biomaterials to food or cosmetic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3389–3399 3389–3399"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Mechanical Microenvironments: Integration of Substrate and Flow Mechanics Reveals the Impact on the Endothelial Glycocalyx","authors":"Mohammad Hamrangsekachaee,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Emily R. Tressler,&nbsp;Lucas McCauley,&nbsp;Nicholas R. O’Hare,&nbsp;Chinedu C. Okorafor,&nbsp;Sidi A. Bencherif* and Eno E. Ebong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0240110.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02401https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02401","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The glycocalyx (GCX), a multicomponent coating on endothelial cells (ECs), plays a critical role in various cellular behaviors, including barrier formation, vasodilation, and mechanotransduction. Mechanical perturbations in the vascular environment, such as blood vessel stiffness, are sensed and transduced by ECs via the GCX. Hypertension-induced stiffness disrupts GCX-mediated mechanotransduction, leading to EC dysfunction and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Understanding GCX-regulated mechanotransduction necessitates an in vitro model that closely mimics in vivo conditions. Existing models are insufficient, prompting the development of the system described in this manuscript. Here, we report on a new system to model varying EC substrate stiffness under sustained physiological fluid shear stress, providing a realistic environment for comprehensive examination of EC function. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) substrates with stiffnesses of 5 kPa (physiological) and 10 kPa (pathological) were seeded with human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and subjected to constant physiological shear stress (12 dyn/cm²) for 6 h. Analysis focused on heparan sulfate (HS), sialic acid (SA), hyaluronic acid (HA), syndecan-1 (SDC1), cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), and Yes-associated protein (YAP). Compared to the 5 kPa conditions, HS coverage and thickness decreased at 10 kPa, indicating impaired barrier function and increased susceptibility to inflammatory agents. SA density increased despite decreased coverage, suggesting enhanced binding site availability for inflammatory recruitment. HA expression remained unchanged, but the amount of the HA core receptor, CD44, was found to be increased at 10 kPa. Consistent with previously published interactions between CD44 and YAP, we observed increased YAP activation at 10 kPa, as evidenced by increased nuclear translocation and decreased phosphorylation. These findings, bridging biomaterials and mechanobiology approaches, deepen our understanding of how mechanical stimuli influence the EC GCX function. The results underscore the potential of mechanotherapeutic strategies aimed at preserving vascular health by modulating the endothelial function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3416–3431 3416–3431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02401","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond Laser Treatment of Ti Surfaces: Antibacterial Mechanisms and Deep Learning-Based Surface Recognition","authors":"Wenyi Zhao,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Lei Yang,&nbsp;Chunyong Liang*,&nbsp;Donghui Wang* and Hongshui Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0015510.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00155https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00155","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Bacterial infections have been demonstrated to cause the premature failure of implants. A reliable strategy for preserving biocompatibility is to physically modify the implant surface, without using chemicals, to prevent bacterial adhesion. This study employed femtosecond laser processing to generate various laser-induced periodic surface structures on Ti substrates. The antibacterial properties and osteoblast adhesion characteristics of these surfaces were investigated. Gene expression profiles and transcriptomic data were compared before and after laser treatment, and high-throughput analysis was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance related to different surface modifications. A small data set of Ti surface scanning electron microscopy images was compiled, and a deep learning model was trained using transfer learning to facilitate surface recognition and classification. The results demonstrated that femtosecond laser treatment disrupted bacterial adhesion and the expression of adhesion-related genes on the Ti surface, with the laser-treated samples at 5.6 W and 500 mm/s exhibiting an antibacterial efficacy exceeding 60%. In addition, the optimized deep learning model, ResNet50-TL, accurately identified and classified the structures of Ti surfaces post-treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3364–3375 3364–3375"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Shear and Extensional Stresses on Cells: Investigation in a Spiral Microchannel and Contraction–Expansion Arrays","authors":"Thammawit Suwannaphan*,&nbsp;Ampol Kamnerdsook,&nbsp;Suramate Chalermwisutkul,&nbsp;Boonchai Techaumnat,&nbsp;Nattapol Damrongplasit,&nbsp;Bhawat Traipattanakul,&nbsp;Surasak Kasetsirikul and Alongkorn Pimpin*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0055510.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00555https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00555","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In recent decades, inertial microfluidic devices have been widely used for cell separation. However, these techniques inevitably exert mechanical stresses, causing cell damage and death during the separation process. This remains a significant challenge for their biological and clinical applications. Despite extensive research on cell separation, the effects of mechanical stresses on cells in microfluidic separation have remained insufficiently explored. This review focuses on the effects of mechanical stresses on cells, particularly in spiral microchannels and contraction–expansion arrays (Contraction and Expansion Arrays (CEAs)). We derived the approximated magnitude of shear stress in a spiral microchannel, extensional stress in CEAs and conventional methods, along with exposure time in a single map to illustrate cell damage and operational zones. Finally, this review serves as a practical guideline to help readers in evaluating stress damages, enabling the effective selection of appropriate techniques that optimize cell viability and separation efficiency for biological and clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3249–3261 3249–3261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00555","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Phase Degradation and Hydroxyapatite Formation in Bioactive Glass Ceramic-Coated Aluminum Titanate Scaffolds for Bone Applications","authors":"Shanmugapriya B,&nbsp;Shailajha S* and Sakthi @ Muthulakshmi S,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0004810.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00048https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00048","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aluminum titanium oxide scaffolds present a highly promising option because of their bioactivity, degradability, and antibacterial characteristics for bone tissue engineering. This makes them a viable alternative to metallic implants, which are susceptible to infection and have limited endurance. The present work aims to examine the impact of sol–gel bioactive glass ceramic coatings on Al₂TiO₅ pellets throughout immersion periods of 12 and 24 h (BG12, BG24). A dual-phase degradation process occurs in these coated scaffolds: first, ion release from the coating stimulates the creation of hydroxyapatite, followed by a progressive breakdown of the Al₂TiO₅ substrate, which further facilitates bone regeneration. An analysis of the structural and mechanical characteristics of coated and uncoated pellets was conducted by utilizing FESEM-EDS, XRD, TG-DTA, FTIR, BET, AFM, and micro-UTM techniques. Findings indicated that the scaffolds consist of a crystalline component of calcium magnesium silicate and calcium sodium aluminum silicate, together with a porous surface. Among the scaffolds, BG24 had the greatest compressive strength of 101 MPa. Bioactivity investigations demonstrated the production of hydroxyapatite in SBF, with a calcium-to-phosphorus ratio of 1.68 attained by BG24 after 14 days. Moreover, BG24 showed 90% cell survival at 100 μg mL^–1, so verifying its cytocompatibility based on biocompatibility and antibacterial tests. Antibacterial research also showed that it effectively stopped the growth of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> bacteria, which supports the idea that it might be able to lower the risk of infections in biomedical settings. Because of its improved bioactivity through a dual-phase degradation mechanism, BG24 is a promising option for bone tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3330–3350 3330–3350"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progress in the Strategies and Applications of Electrospinning Electroactive Tissue Engineering Scaffolds","authors":"Yixun Li,&nbsp;Xinyu Li,&nbsp;Zhiwei Liu,&nbsp;Yuehua Wang* and Tifeng Jiao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0014210.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00142https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conductive biomaterials not only have appropriate conductivity but also usually have good antibacterial properties and photothermal effects, so they are widely used in tissue engineering scaffolds. Conductive biomaterials can conduct endogenous or exogenous electrical signals, thus affecting the growth, migration, infiltration, and differentiation of cells. An electrospun nanofiber is an ideal kind of conductive substance carrier that can mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) to further promote cell growth and migration. In this Review, we summarize the application of electrospinning electroactive tissue engineering scaffolds, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various electrospinning methods, organize the characteristics of commonly used conductive biomaterials such as polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), carbon-based nanomaterials, and MXenes and their application in the tissue engineering field, and finally propose the application prospects and future of tissue engineering with conductive biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3182–3200 3182–3200"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Antimicrobial Potential of LL-37 Derivatives: Recent Developments and Challenges","authors":"Yihao Yuan,&nbsp;Jiapeng Li,&nbsp;Guotao Wei,&nbsp;Ziyi Shen,&nbsp;Bo Li*,&nbsp;Jiawei Wu* and Jing Liu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0202910.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02029https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c02029","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 exhibits broad antimicrobial efficacy. However, it has several limitations including high production costs, reduced efficacy under physiological conditions, susceptibility to proteolytic degradation and significant toxicity to human cells. Recent research has improved the clinical potential of peptide LL-37 through multiple systematic modifications. Therefore, we review the various modification techniques for LL-37 and explore the structure–activity relationships that underpin its antimicrobial properties. We also highlight the benefits of LL-37 derivatives and investigate their mechanisms of action against bacterial infections, particularly their effects on biofilms and cell membranes. Furthermore, we review the antimicrobial applications of LL-37 derivatives, examine nanocarrier systems for their delivery, and highlight the potential synergy between these derivatives and traditional antibiotics. Finally, it assesses the status of LL-37 derivatives in clinical applications, identifies ongoing challenges, and provides insights into future modifications and potential applications. This review aims to offer valuable strategies for enhancing LL-37 derivatives and facilitating their transition from laboratory research to clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3145–3164 3145–3164"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction of “Nanogrooved Elastomeric Diaphragm Arrays for Assessment of Cardiomyocytes under Synergistic Effects of Circular Mechanical Stimuli and Electrical Conductivity to Enhance Intercellular Communication”","authors":"Abdullah-Bin Siddique,&nbsp;Keith A. Williams and Nathan S. Swami*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0090610.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00906https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00906","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3785 3785"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00906","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144239062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of a ZnO/Polydopamine/ε-Polylysine Coating with Good Corrosion Resistance and a Joint Antibacterial Pathway on the Surface of Medical Stainless Steel","authors":"Jinglin Zhang*,&nbsp;Shuoyan Jiang,&nbsp;Huidi Liu,&nbsp;Zengxi Wang,&nbsp;Xiang Cai and Shaozao Tan*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0008710.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00087https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00087","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Medical stainless steel (SS) is a widely used alloy in orthopedic and dental implant applications. However, SS can cause local corrosion in the body, which may affect cell proliferation and differentiation, and is prone to related bacterial infection. Therefore, surface modification is required to improve the corrosion resistance and antibacterial performance of SS to extend its service life. To achieve this goal, a new type of composite coating was established on the surface of SS. First, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were deposited on the surface of SS by electrochemical deposition. Then, polydopamine (PDA) was formed through the self-polymerization of dopamine. Finally, the Michael addition reaction between ε-polylysine (ε-PL) and PDA was used to chemically graft a cationic antimicrobial peptide (AMP), namely, ε-PL, constructing a corrosion-resistant and antibacterial ZnO/PDA/ε-PL coating on the surface of the SS (SZP/ε-PL). The results indicated that the obtained composite coating could significantly improve the corrosion resistance of SS because of the introduction of ZnO. After being irradiated with near-infrared (NIR) light (wavelength: 1064 nm, power: 1 W/cm²) for 8 min, the temperature of SZP/ε-PL increased from 22.4 to 57.8 °C. Moreover, there was no significant temperature decay after four cycles, which indicated the good photothermal performance and stability of SZP/ε-PL owing to the function of PDA. Combining photothermal sterilization and AMP contact sterilization, the antibacterial rates of SZP/ε-PL against <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> both reached nearly 100%. In addition, SZP/ε-PL has excellent blood compatibility. With the above advantages, SZP/ε-PL was expected to become a safe and efficient implant material.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3351–3363 3351–3363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Unique Extracellular Matrix Composition of Acomys as a Potential Key to Resisting Fibrosis","authors":"Michele N. Dill,&nbsp;Zoe Turner,&nbsp;Paulina W. Kapuscinska,&nbsp;Katie Heiden,&nbsp;Kari B. Basso,&nbsp;Chelsey S. Simmons and Erika Moore*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c0081010.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00810https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00810","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Fibrosis is a dysregulated wound healing response characterized by excessive accumulation of dense scar tissue that inhibits organ function and is estimated to contribute to up to 45% of deaths in the industrialized world. In this work, we sought to uncover new ways to address fibrosis by drawing inspiration from an animal that does not develop fibrosis. The Spiny Mouse (<i>Acomys</i>) has the most extensive regenerative capabilities of any known mammal and can regenerate injuries to the skin, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, and spine with little to no fibrosis. We hypothesize that the regenerative abilities of <i>Acomys</i> are due, in part, to altered stiffness-mediated fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT). In this work, we interrogated stiffness-mediated FMT in <i>Acomys</i> and <i>Mus</i> dermal fibroblasts <i>in vitro</i> by performing RNA Sequencing and found no differential gene expression in <i>Acomys</i> fibroblasts cultured on soft vs stiff substrates. We further investigated the direct impact of stiffness-mediated FMT and species differences on ECM deposition by fabricating cell-derived matrices (CDMs) from <i>Acomys</i> and <i>Mus</i> fibroblasts cultured on varying stiffnesses. After assessing the composition of these CDMs using label-free quantitative proteomics, fibrosis-associated extracellular matrix proteins including fibrillin-1, ADAMTS1, SPARC, and galectin-1 were found to be significantly reduced or absent in <i>Acomys</i> CDMs compared to <i>Mus</i> CDMs. In addition, proteins that have been connected to fibrosis resolution, including Col12a1 and clusterin, were upregulated in <i>Acomys</i> CDMs. When cultured on <i>Acomys</i> CDMs, mouse macrophages downregulated MMP9 mRNA expression and maintained increased expression of iNOS in response to IL-4, a pro-fibrotic cytokine. These results indicate a direct impact of species-specific ECM compositions on macrophage phenotype and suggest that ECM produced by <i>Acomys</i> fibroblasts may impede the development of a pro-fibrotic macrophage phenotype in the presence of pro-fibrotic stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":"11 6","pages":"3616–3633 3616–3633"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144238841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}