ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"In Vitro Corrosion of Polyester-Coated Magnesium Alloy under pH-Static Conditions","authors":"Nicklas Fiedler*,&nbsp;Michael Teske,&nbsp;Sophie-Charlotte Nelz,&nbsp;Jonas Willem Flügge,&nbsp;Volkmar Senz,&nbsp;Dalibor Bajer,&nbsp;Niels Grabow and Stefan Oschatz,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0083510.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00835https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00835","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The resorption rate of bioresorbable implants requires tuning to match the desired field of application. The use of Mg as implant material is highly advantageous, as it provides sufficient mechanical strength combined with its biodegradability. Consequently, the implant vanishes after it has served its intended purpose, allowing the complete restoration of natural tissue and organ function. However, a biodegradable Mg implant requires a biodegradable coating to slow the rate of Mg corrosion, as a permanent coating would negate the benefits of using Mg as an implant material. Therefore, degradable polymers are the materials of choice, especially polyester-based coatings, such as PLLA, as they have been proven in clinical practice over the long term. Within this work, the degradation retarding effect of a physical barrier in form of four clinically relevant polyester-based coatings, poly-<span>l</span>-lactide (PLLA), poly-<span>l</span>-lactide-<i>co</i>-glycolide (PLGA), poly(<span>l</span>-lactide-<i>co</i>-PEG) triblock copolymer (PLLA-<i>co</i>-PEG), and polydioxanone (PDO), is investigated <i>in vitro</i> under pH-static conditions using CO₂ gas to compensate pH changes due to Mg corrosion. Coating thicknesses of 7.5 to 8.3 μm were comparable to commercially available stent systems. Quantitative analysis of magnesium concentration in buffered test medium by a photometric assay allows real-time monitoring. Shielding effect of different polyesters through polymer coating and formation of a protective passivation layer beneath the polymer coating was observed and characterized using SEM and EDX techniques. Our finding was that even imperfect polymer layers provide a considerable protective effect, and the used <i>in vitro</i> setup matches reported <i>in vivo</i> observations regarding elemental composition of corrosion products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological Functions of Macromolecular Protein Hydrogels in Constructing Osteogenic Microenvironment","authors":"Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Huixin Lv,&nbsp;Sicong Ren,&nbsp;Jiameng Zhang,&nbsp;Xiuyu Liu,&nbsp;Sheng Chen,&nbsp;Jingjie Zhai* and Yanmin Zhou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0091010.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00910https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00910","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Irreversible bone defects resulting from trauma, infection, and degenerative illnesses have emerged as a significant health concern. Structurally and functionally controllable hydrogels made by bone tissue engineering (BTE) have become promising biomaterials. Natural proteins are able to establish connections with autologous proteins through unique biologically active regions. Hydrogels based on proteins can simulate the bone microenvironment and regulate the biological behavior of stem cells in the tissue niche, making them candidates for research related to bone regeneration. This article reviews the biological functions of various natural macromolecular proteins (such as collagen, gelatin, fibrin, and silk fibroin) and highlights their special advantages as hydrogels. Then the latest research trends on cross-linking modified macromolecular protein hydrogels with improved mechanical properties and composite hydrogels loaded with exogenous micromolecular proteins have been discussed. Finally, the applications of protein hydrogels, such as 3D printed hydrogels, microspheres, and injectable hydrogels, were introduced, aiming to provide a reference for the repair of clinical bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “A Pump-Free Strategy for the Controllable Generation of Alginate Microgels as Cellular Microcarriers”","authors":"Xinyuan Qin,&nbsp;Zhongqiao Gan,&nbsp;Haitao Liu,&nbsp;Tingting Tao,&nbsp;Jia He,&nbsp;Xianliang Li,&nbsp;Dong Shang,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Fuwei Xie and Jianhua Qin*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0144610.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01446https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01446","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials for Tumor Immunotherapy","authors":"Xiang-Peng Li,&nbsp;Da-Yong Hou,&nbsp;Jiong-Cheng Wu,&nbsp;Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Yue-Ze Wang,&nbsp;Mei-Yu Lv,&nbsp;Yu Yi* and Wanhai Xu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0038810.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00388https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00388","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cancer remains a significant challenge in extending human life expectancy in the 21^st century, with staggering numbers projected by the International Agency for Research on Cancer for upcoming years. While conventional cancer therapies exist, their limitations, in terms of efficacy and side effects, demand the development of novel treatments that selectively target cancer cells. Tumor immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach, but low response rates and immune-related side effects present significant clinical challenges. Researchers have begun combining immunotherapy with nanomaterials to optimize tumor-killing effects. Stimuli-responsive nanomaterials have become a focus of cancer immunotherapy research due to their unique properties. These nanomaterials target specific signals in the tumor microenvironment, such as pH or temperature changes, to precisely deliver therapeutic agents and minimize damage to healthy tissue. This article reviews the recent developments and clinical applications of endogenous and exogenous stimuli-responsive nanomaterials for tumor immunotherapy, analyzing the advantages and limitations of these materials and highlighting their potential for enhancing the immune response to cancer and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell–Material Interactions in Covalent Adaptable Thioester Hydrogels","authors":"Shivani Desai,&nbsp;Benjamin Carberry,&nbsp;Kristi S. Anseth and Kelly M. Schultz*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0088410.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00884https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00884","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are polymeric networks with cross-links that can break and reform in response to external stimuli, including pH, shear, and temperature, making them potential materials for use as injectable cell delivery vehicles. In the native niche, cells rearrange the extracellular matrix (ECM) to undergo basic functions including migration, spreading, and proliferation. Bond rearrangement enables these hydrogels to mimic viscoelastic properties of the native ECM which promote migration and delivery from the material to the native tissue. In this work, we characterize thioester CANs to inform their design as effective cell delivery vehicles. Using bulk rheology, we characterize the rearrangement of these networks when they are subjected to strain, which mimics the strain applied by a syringe, and using multiple particle tracking microrheology (MPT) we measure cell-mediated remodeling of the pericellular region. Thioester networks are formed by photopolymerizing 8-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-thiol and PEG-thioester norbornene. Bulk rheology measures scaffold properties during low and high strain and demonstrates that thioester scaffolds can recover rheological properties after high strain is applied. We then 3D encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in thioester scaffolds. Using MPT, we characterize degradation in the pericellular region. Encapsulated hMSCs degrade these scaffolds within ≈4 days post-encapsulation. We hypothesize that this degradation is mainly due to cytoskeletal tension that cells apply to the matrix, causing adaptable thioester bonds to rearrange, leading to degradation. To verify this, we inhibited cytoskeletal tension using blebbistatin, a myosin-II inhibitor. Blebbistatin-treated cells can degrade these networks only by secreting enzymes including esterases. Esterases hydrolyze thioester bonds, which generate free thiols, leading to bond exchange. Around treated cells, we measure a decrease in the extent of pericellular degradation. We also compare cell area, eccentricity, and speed of untreated and treated cells. Inhibiting cytoskeletal tension results in significantly smaller cell area, more rounded cells, and lower cell speeds when compared to untreated cells. Overall, this work shows that cytoskeletal tension plays a major role in hMSC-mediated degradation of thioester networks. Cytoskeletal tension is also important for the spreading and motility of hMSCs in these networks. This work informs the design of thioester scaffolds for tissue regeneration and cell delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiscale Computational Analysis of the Effect of Taxol on Microtubule Mechanics","authors":"Marco Cannariato*,&nbsp;Eric A. Zizzi,&nbsp;Jacek A. Tuszynski and Marco A. Deriu,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0084710.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00847https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00847","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microtubules (MTs) are widely recognized as targets for cancer therapies. They are directly related to unique mechanical properties, closely dependent on MT architecture and tubulin molecular features. Taxol is known to affect tubulin interactions resulting in the stabilization of the MT lattice, and thus the hierarchical organization stability, mechanics, and function. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which taxol modulates intertubulin interactions in the MT lattice, and consequently, its stability and mechanical response is crucial to characterize how MT properties are regulated by environmental factors, such as interacting ligands. In this study, a computational analysis of the effect of taxol on the MT was performed at different scales, combining molecular dynamics simulation, dynamical network analysis, and elastic network modeling. The results show that the taxol-induced conformational differences at the M-loop region increase the stability of the lateral interactions and the amount of surface in contact between laterally coupled tubulins. Moreover, the conformational rearrangements in the taxane binding site result in a different structural communication pattern. Finally, the different conformation of the tubulin heterodimers and the stabilized lateral interactions resulted in a tendency toward higher deformation of the vibrating MT in the presence of taxol. Overall, this work provides additional insights into taxol-induced stabilization and relates the conformational changes at the tubulin level to the MT mechanics. Besides providing useful insights into taxol effect on MT mechanics, a methodological framework that could be used to characterize the effects of other MT stabilizing agents is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visible-Light-Induced Silk Fibroin Hydrogels with Carbon Quantum Dots as Initiators for 3D Bioprinting Applications","authors":"Shuming Liu,&nbsp;Chunhua Ge*,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li,&nbsp;Jinyao Shan,&nbsp;Keke Chen,&nbsp;Xuefeng Li,&nbsp;Yu Liu and Xiangdong Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0118910.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01189https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01189","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Digital light processing (DLP) 3D bioprinting technology has attracted increasing attention in tissue engineering in recent years. However, it still faces significant technical and operational challenges such as cell carcinogenesis caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light and the presence of heavy metal ions in complex photoinitiator systems. In this study, a novel strategy is designed to introduce carbon quantum dots into visible-light-induced silk fibroin bioink as initiators (CDs/SilMA) applied for DLP 3D bioprinting technology. The incorporation of carbon quantum dots facilitates the formation of precise hydrogel structures at 415 nm visible wavelength, enabling the creation of brain, bronchus, spine, and ear models. Replacing heavy metal photoinitiators with carbon quantum dots imparts fluorescence properties to the bioink and enhances its mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the fibroin protein-based hydrogel exhibits favorable properties, such as drug loading, slow release, degradability, and biocompatibility. This is the first study to propose the application of carbon quantum dots in silk fibroin-based bioink. Moreover, the resulting product demonstrates excellent compatibility with the DLP printing process, making it promising for practical applications in various tissue engineering scenarios with specific requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cuboids Prevail When Unraveling the Influence of Microchip Geometry on Macrophage Interactions and Metabolic Responses","authors":"Gordon Bruce,&nbsp;Saman Bagherpour,&nbsp;Marta Duch,&nbsp;José Antonio Plaza,&nbsp;Snow Stolnik and Lluïsa Pérez-García*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0084910.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00849https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00849","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Drug delivery advances rely on using nano- and microsized carriers to transfer therapeutic molecules, although challenges persist in increasing the availability of new and even approved pharmaceutical products. Particle shape, a critical determinant in how these carriers distribute within the body after administration, raises opportunities of using, for instance, micrometer-sized nonspherical particles for vascular targeting and thereby creating new prospects for precise drug delivery to specific targeted areas. The versatility of polycrystalline silicon microfabrication allows for significant variation in the size and shape of microchips, and so, in the current work, photolithography was employed to create differently shaped polysilicon microchips, including cuboids, cubes, bars, and cylinders, to explore the influence of particle shape on cellular interactions. These microchips with different shapes and lateral dimensions, accounting for surface areas in the range of ca. 15 to 120 μm² and corresponding total volumes of 0.4 to 27 μm³, serve as ideal models for investigating their interactions with macrophages with diameters of ca. 20 μm. Side-scattering imaging flow cytometry was employed for studying the interaction of label-free prepared microchips with RAW 264.7 macrophages. Using a dose of 3 microchips per cell, results show that cuboids exhibit the highest cellular association (ca. 25%) and uptake (ca. 20%), suggesting their potential as efficient carriers for targeted drug delivery to macrophages. Conversely, similarly sized cylinders and bar-shaped microchips exhibit lower uptakes of about 8% and about 6%, respectively, indicating potential benefits in evading macrophage recognition. On average, 1–1.5 microchips were internalized, and ca. 1 microchip was surface-bound per cell, with cuboids showing the higher values overall. Macrophages respond to microchips by increasing their metabolic activity and releasing low levels of intracellular enzymes, indicating reduced toxicity. Interestingly, increasing the particle dose enhances macrophage metabolic activity without significantly affecting enzyme release.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive Oxygen Species-Scavenging Mesoporous Poly(tannic acid) Nanospheres Alleviate Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting Ferroptosis","authors":"Jingyue Qin,&nbsp;Zepeng Li,&nbsp;Youyou Feng,&nbsp;Yingcong Guo,&nbsp;Zhenting Zhao,&nbsp;Shirui Sun,&nbsp;Jin Zheng,&nbsp;Mingzhen Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yilei Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Wei*,&nbsp;Chenguang Ding* and Wujun Xue*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0084410.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00844https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00844","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Acute kidney injury (AKI), predominantly associated with the excess production of endogenous ROS, is a serious renal dysfunction syndrome. Ferroptosis characterized by iron-dependent regulated cell death has significant involvement in AKI pathogenesis. As symptomatic treatment of AKI remains clinically limited, a new class of effective therapies has emerged, which is referred to as nanozyme. In our research, a natural mesoporous poly(tannic acid) nanosphere (referred to as PTA) was developed that can successfully mimic the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by Mussel-inspired interface deposition strategy, for effective ROS scavenging and thus inhibition of ferroptosis to attenuate AKI. As anticipated, PTA mitigated oxidative stress and inhibited ferroptosis, as opposed to other modes of cell death such as pyroptosis or necrosis. Furthermore, PTA exhibited favorable biocompatibility and safeguarded the kidney against ferroptosis by enhancing the expression of SLC7a11/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) and Nrf2/HO-1, while reducing the levels of ACSL4 protein in the ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced AKI model. Moreover, PTA effectively suppressed aberrant expression of inflammatory factors. Overall, this study introduced antioxidative nanozymes in the form of mesoporous polyphenol nanospheres, showcasing exceptional therapeutic efficacy in addressing ROS-related diseases. This novel approach holds promise for clinical AKI treatment and broadens the scope of biomedical applications for nanozymes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a Titanium–Magnesium Composite Internal Fixation System for Repairing Bone Defects","authors":"Zhongheng Yang,&nbsp;Jiarui Lu,&nbsp;Tao Yan,&nbsp;Muhammad Ibrahim,&nbsp;Qingchuan Wang,&nbsp;Lili Tan*,&nbsp;Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Yabing Mu and Yuzhong Gao*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c0094910.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00949https://doi.org/10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00949","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The repair and regeneration of maxillofacial bone defects are major clinical challenges. Titanium (Ti)–magnesium (Mg) composites are a new generation of revolutionary internal fixation materials encompassing the mechanical strength and bioactive advantages of Ti and Mg alloys, respectively. This study was aimed to construct a Ti–Mg composite internal plate/screw fixation system to fix and repair bone defects. Further, the effects of different internal fixation systems on bone repair were analyzed through radiological and histological analyses. Notably, Ti6Al4V with rolled Mg foil was used as the experimental group, and a bone defect model of transverse complete amputation of the ulna in rabbits similar to the clinical condition was established. The internal fixation system with the highest osteogenic efficiency was selected based on <i>in vivo</i> results, and the direct and indirect bone repair abilities of the selected materials were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. Notably, the thin Mg foil–Ti6Al4V internal fixation system exhibited the best fixation effect in the bone defect model and promoted the formation of new bone and early healing of bone defect areas. <i>In vitro</i>, the thin Mg foil–Ti6Al4V composite enhanced the activity of MC3T3-E1 cells; promoted the proliferation, adhesion, extension, and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells; and regulated new bone formation. Further, it also promoted the polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M2 macrophages, induced the osteogenic immune microenvironment, and indirectly regulated the bone repair process. Therefore, a internal fixation system holds a promising potential for the internal fixation of maxillofacial bone defects. Our findings provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the design and clinical application of Ti–Mg internal fixation systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8,"journal":{"name":"ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142159458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}