Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences最新文献

{"title":"Safety Factors Associated with Mathematics Achievement in South African Primary Schools","authors":"M. Graham","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10719","url":null,"abstract":"According to the South African Constitution, all children have a right to equitable education which is free from harm. According to the South African Children’s Amendment Act No. 41 of 2007, it is a legal requirement that cases of violence against schoolchildren be reported to law enforcement officials. Still, news of horrendous incidents in schools continues to grab South African news headlines. The creation of a safe environment conducive to learning is vitally important in the academic achievement of learners. All learners have the right to basic education as a fundamental human right, and this can be fulfilled only when all learners have access to education in a safe school environment. Safety factors associated with the South African Grade 5 mathematics achievement were investigated. A quantitative design, a deductive approach, a positivist philosophical stance and a secondary data analysis study design were followed. In this study, I analysed the 2019 data of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study for respondents from South Africa and proposed a model containing 10 constructs, consisting of nine independent variables (gender, socio-economic status and seven variables related to safety aspects in schools) and one dependent variable (mathematics achievement). The multilevel analysis using HLM software indicated that not feeling safe at school, property being stolen or purposefully damaged, being hit, hurt or threatened, living in an impoverished area, having a shortage of or inadequate school buildings and grounds, and intimidation or verbal abuse of teachers or staff were the best predictors of mathematics achievement of Grade 5 learners. I conclude with recommendations and a summary.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73361053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Single Motherhood Status and Stunting Among Children Under 5 in Kgatleng, Botswana","authors":"Mulume SF Mwamba, S. Gerrior, Reginald Taylor","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Undernutrition affects sub-Saharan African countries with increased stunting among children under 5 years old. The short- and long-term effects of this stunting include the potential for slow growth in early life, impaired health, and educational and economic disadvantages in adolescent and adult years. In this quantitative cross-sectional study, we analyzed the relationship between single-mother families and the occurrence of stunting among children under 5 years old in the Kgatleng District of Botswana. We collected primary data from 196 mothers and their children who visited selected clinics in Kgatleng. The results of the binary logistic regression analysis were significant: χ2 (1, N = 196) = 4.119, p = .046, indicating the model was able to distinguish between those respondents who reported stunting and those who did not report stunting. The implications for positive social change include the potential to increase awareness among health professionals to continually check the linear growth of children under 5 to help curb the deleterious effects and the social inequalities caused by stunting.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"130 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79682926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing the Maintenance of an Intervention for Safety, Peace and Health in Early Childhood Development","authors":"D. Sinclair, Shilela Nkadimeng, Mapula Mochudi, M. Milovanovic, M. Seedat, R. Eksteen","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10470","url":null,"abstract":"In this report, we focus on the factors that influenced the maintenance of an intervention for safety, peace and health in Early Childhood Development one year post-implementation in an informal settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa. We followed a qualitative methodological framework and collected the data via two semi-structured focus group discussions with recipient practitioners. We analysed the data thematically. The participants reported that the provision of curriculum materials, the relevance of curriculum topics and the availability of regular monitoring and mentoring facilitated the maintenance of the intervention. Insufficient funds to reproduce teaching materials and the English-centric nature of the training materials posed challenges to the maintenance of the intervention. In the study, we call for larger empirical work on factors shaping the maintenance of the intervention in under-resourced contexts. We recommend that maintenance plans be developed alongside prevention interventions, the language of communication be context-appropriate, the capacity development for key social actors be accelerated, fidelity and required resources be regularly monitored, and a consistent agency presence be ensured in intervention communities.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89891263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Spiritual Capacities” in Psychological Research: Confronting the Appearances","authors":"J. Cochrane, Naiema Taliep, S. Lazarus, Douglas R. McGaughey, D. Christie, M. Seedat, T. Cutts, G. Gunderson","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10423","url":null,"abstract":"Researching phenomena associated with religion or spirituality faces a triple conundrum not easily resolved: What counts as religion or spirituality, are they independent or derivative phenomena, and can they be empirically determined at all? Appropriately, therefore, a recent special issue of the journal Psychology of Religion and Spirituality asks: What is its object of study? We argue that this cannot be resolved merely by considering diverse religious or spiritual phenomena. It requires a turn instead to what grounds religious and spiritual experience. Illustrating this claim from field research on “spiritual capacities and religious assets for health” in the face of interpersonal violence in two local communities, we argue that a set of supersensible, non-material, and therefore “spiritual” but nonetheless real human capacities that we must assume human beings possess, ground the sensible, empirical phenomena or “appearances” we call religion or spirituality. The notion of supersensible spiritual capacities, by definition incapable of empirical proof or disproof, places strict limits on phenomenal claims about religion or spirituality, particularly ontological ones. Although studying the phenomena or appearances remains important, paying attention to spiritual capacities enables us better to grasp the contingent nature of such phenomena while grounding them in that innate and general disposition of the human being—which we tentatively define as the C-factor.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88726671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources of Information About COVID-19 Among Older Adults in Ghana, 2019-2021","authors":"Samuel Adu-Gyamfi, E. Asante","doi":"10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5590/jsbhs.2022.16.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic sparked a worldwide search for information. Information about COVID-19 is crucial and it could be the first step toward designing practical disease-control strategies. Misinformation amid the widespread information about COVID-19 has undoubtedly caused psychological distress, especially among older adults. We present an empirical and descriptive study of the sources of information among older adults and how they perceived the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 58 participants were recruited and interviewed using an in-depth semi-structured interview and structured questionnaire for our study. The study participants were recruited using purposive and convenience sampling in their respective homes from Mallam, a community in Ghana. The semi-structured interviews were transcribed, and themes were created for analysis. Our study revealed multiple sources of information regarding COVID-19, including radio, television, social media, family members, and friends. The COVID-19 information consisted of precautionary measures, effects, causes, symptoms, daily reported cases, and regarding vaccination. Our study revealed that the perception of COVID-19 information via social media, traditional media, families, and friends increased psychological distress among older persons by causing fear and panic. We contend that having a reliable source of information about COVID-19 is essential for older adults in mitigating the burden of the disease. Ultimately, our study substantiates the need for researchers, advocates, and policymakers to partner with social workers and healthcare workers to develop effective and practical policy interventions to address language and access difficulties for older adults seeking to obtain health information.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86999129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dysautoethnographyst’s oríkì","authors":"Foluke Taylor","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10494","url":null,"abstract":"Creative writing","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85232602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration, homelessness and internalised displacement","authors":"F. Asani, Guilaine Kinouani","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10496","url":null,"abstract":"Discourses of migration tend to be decontextualised from the personal and from the lived experience of displaced peoples. Splitting migrant bodies from land, history and their socio-political realities contributes to the dehumanisation of those who have had to make a home outside borders set by colonialism, whiteness and associated ethno-nationalist violence – often because of the sequelae of colonialism, whiteness and associated ethno-nationalist violence. Engaging with the embodied experience of migrants and situating it within intergenerational contexts of homelessness and displacement is the strategy adopted here to give a name to the nameless and to theorise that which is all too often rendered meaningless, insignificant and, therefore, invisible. In this article, through an auto-ethnographic engagement with our roots in the “heart of Africa” – a part of the world so heavily tainted with blood, mutilation and imperial necropolitics – we reflect on the journey to navigating the hostility, territoriality and dislocation caused by migration. We are two Black African women with complicated and fragmented histories with the continent of Africa. We ask the reader to follow our journeys and that of ‘Others’ as we reflect on the psychological and ontological consequences of border violence and necropolitics. We consider what living at the border of home entails and the various ways of being and thinking we have employed to resist internalised displacement.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87091801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colonial necrocapitalism, state secrecy and the Palestinian freedom tunnel","authors":"Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, S. Wahab","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10488","url":null,"abstract":"Secrecy and the use of “secret information” as capital in the hands of the state is mobilised by affective racialised machineries, cultivated on “security” grounds. Securitised secrecy is an assemblage of concealed operations juxtaposing various forms of invasions and dispossessions. It is a central strategy in the politico-economic life of the state to increase its scope of domination. Secrecy is used and abused to entrap and penetrate political subjects and entities. This article explores the necrocapitalist utilisation of secrecy embedded in the coloniser’s attempt to distort the mind of the colonised. Built from the voices of those affected by secrecy’s violent psychopolitical entrapment and penetrability, we expose the ways in which secrecy manufactures colonisers’ impunity and immunity. Further, we discuss the ruins that secrecy mislays, arguing as Fanon explained, that psychic ruins are common usage of colonial violence. In fact, Fanon (1963) argued that damaged personhood was central to the colonial order and its making. We conclude by insisting that ruins can also be sites of reflection and counteractions of life against the necrocapitalist violent machinery and ideology of the settler colonial state. Building on previous critical and decolonial theories, this essay argues that the coloniser’s yearning for destruction, coupled with the use of militarised “secret information”, constitutes colonial invisible criminalities to maim (Puar, 2015) and erase (Wolf, 2006). Militarised secrecy’s necrocapitalist assemblage takes us to one of the core dimensions of settler colonial ideology “accumulation by dispossession” (Harvey, 2003), that is, the elimination of the colonised, demolition of life and the psychic in which the colonialist “trades” and “sells” the machineries of elimination as combat proven. Examining secrecy and its eliminatory machineries exposes the colonialist’s brutality and the colonised’s unending capacity for resistance and the power of life. This essay hopes to expose the politics underpinning the way securitized secrecy is imagined, implemented and resisted.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77515767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"al-Nizam","authors":"S. Sheehi","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10495","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers “necrocapitalism” as an analytic rubric and social system that governs Lebanon in its “post-War”.  I deploy the term “necrocapitalism” because the lives, deaths and psychic suffering of the population are either political and economic assets to be protected and cultivated (through sectarianism and clientelism) or, at worst, collateral cost, where life, physical well-being and psychic suffering are casually overlooked. Therefore, this article considers the political economy of sectarianism, kleptocracy, neoliberalism, and state capture within a series of ideological-affective mechanisms that bind elites to subordinates and the state to both. In thinking through what might characterize necrocapitalism in contrast to other forms of capitalism, this descriptive and analytic exordium considers Lebanese governmentality (a combination of sectarianism as a social system and the neoliberal-kleptocratic state) as a nizam, a system of governance, of social relations, and of psychic violence. Al-nizam is not only as the state and a particular ruling regime, but also a complex assemblage of social, political and economic relations, infrastructures and institutions of the state that the ruling class both captures, populates, exploits and undermines in a comprehensive social and political project to extract as much of Lebanon’s surplus capital as possible from the country regardless of the lives of those in it.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89656663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looting the archive","authors":"Zoé Samudzi","doi":"10.25159/2957-3645/10490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/10490","url":null,"abstract":"Since African nation-states began to gain their independence in the mid-twentieth century, they have fought for the repatriation of cultural artifacts and human remains as an integral part of continental processes of decolonization. Using the concept of the “afterlife of genocide” as a method for understanding transformed but still ongoing processes of genocidal dispossession, this paper engages the relationship between the organizing colonial logics of the 1904-1908 German genocide of Ovaherero and Nama people in South West Africa and the continued presence of Ovaherero and Nama skulls in Euroamerican museum institutions.","PeriodicalId":89999,"journal":{"name":"Journal of social, behavioral and health sciences","volume":"163 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73215335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}