Autism-open access最新文献

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Social (Pragmatic) Communication Skills in Students with High-Functioning Autism and Pragmatic Language Impairment Using Video-Based Assessments","authors":"A. Lavi","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.09.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.09.239","url":null,"abstract":"Social communication deficits are becoming more evident and better understood as our awareness, diagnosis, and treatment advance. Additionally, social language difficulties related to Autism Spectrum Disorder are becoming more distinguished and better understood. The current study aims to evaluate six key pragmatic language constructs introduced by The Clinical Assessment of Pragmatics and comparatively analyse these six constructs in three groups - adolescents who present as: typically developing, present with pragmatic language impairment, and present with high functioning autism. The six constructs analysed include: instrumental performance, social context appraisal, paralinguistic decoding, instrumental performance, affective expression, and paralinguistic signals. Results of the current study revealed significant differences across groups of students on receptive and expressive pragmatic language tasks. Students with HFA and PLI demonstrated adequate performance on instrumental in nature tasks such as, demonstrating politeness and requesting for help. As expected, students with HFA and PLI exhibited significant difficulties on higher order pragmatics tasks, such as the use of affective language, perception of irony, expression of sorrow, and demonstration of support. The key findings of the current study revealed that there are three constructs that could differentiate the understanding, assessment, and treatment of social language in students with PLI vs. HFA. Students with PLI and HFA may differ in their understanding and use of the skills in the following constructs: Social Context Appraisal, Paralinguistic Decoding, and Paralinguistic Cues.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79161981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on Family","authors":"R. Begum, Firoz Ahmed Mamin","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.244","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism is a complex syndrome which consists of a set of developmental and behavioral features. Children with autism face different challenges in family and as well as society. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the impact of autism impact on family. Method: A narrative review was done to conduct this study. Findings: Autism has a persistent impact on the family, economic status, sibling and considerably modifies the lifestyle of each member of the family. Conclusion: This study strongly found that whole family members are affected by the condition of children with Autism.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74968574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder, Education, Laws, & Statistics: A Conceptual and Mathematical Verification of Texas Laws With Respect to Autism","authors":"H. Cooley, J. Owen, Dawne Welch","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.238","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder is quite prevalent in today’s society, and it is important to evaluate how it pertains to students in their educational environment, specifically in the state of Texas. The purpose of this research paper is to critically analyze the concept of autism with respect to education through the utilization of Texas state laws and a complex mathematical and statistical analysis of the data.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87329380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing Anxiety, a Comorbidity of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report Using Qigong Sensory Training Methods","authors":"Mardi A. Crane-Godreau, Peter Payne","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.241","url":null,"abstract":"Anxiety is a commonly occurring co-morbidity of autism spectrum disorders. Estimates of its frequency vary from 11% to 84%. It is the most frequently cited source of distress among those with ASD. This case report of anxiety in an 11-year-old boy with a medical diagnosis of autism and severe anxiety disorder details medical and social history of anxiety and panic attacks before and after receiving Qigong Sensory Training (QST) therapy. Significance of the use of non-pharmacological approaches that aim to address developmental neurological deficits is discussed.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85583409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix Reasoning and Anhedonic Depression in Male Adolescents with Autism","authors":"C. Sharpley, V. Bitsika","doi":"10.4172/2165-7890.1000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Almost half of samples of young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience depression but little is known about the role of overall and specific cognitive function in that depression. Investigation of this link could help explain the pathway between cognitive function and depression. \u0000Methodology: Fifty-one male adolescents with ASD, plus 18 male adolescents without ASD, completed the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale (2nd ed.) (WASI-II) plus the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-Depression (CASI-MDD) subscale. Data were analysed at the global (total IQ, depression) and subtest (IQ) and symptom (depression) levels. \u0000Results: Although there were no significant differences in overall IQ or any of the WASI-II subtests between the ASD and non-ASD samples, the ASD sample had significantly higher CASI-MDD scores. There was a significant correlation between global IQ and Matrix Reasoning with CASI-MDD total and anhedonia scores for the ASD sample, but no significant correlations between these variables for the non-ASD sample. \u0000Conclusions: Matrix Reasoning appears to be implicated in the development of anhedonic depression in adolescents with ASD.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74804877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A General Overview of the Pragmatic Language-Social Skills and Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"D. Papadopoulos","doi":"10.4172/2165-7890.1000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000225","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, whose symptoms are usually identified early on in childhood and remain present throughout one’s lifetime, affecting the daily functioning and well-being of individuals with ASD. Impairment in social communication and behavior, in imagination and symbolic representation, as well as the tendency to maintain strict routines has been pointed out as the basic clinical features. The quality as well as the intensity in the expression of these symptoms are influenced by age and developmental changes, by the growth of intelligence and by resilience levels, as well as by early diagnosis and the intervention’s beginning, by the role played by family and parents in handling trying behaviors, as well as by choosing the appropriate educational environment, which should be adapted to the cognitive and socio-emotional needs of students with autism. This paper aims to review the psychological features creating the core of this disorder and leading the child to express autistic symptoms and mental arrhythmia. Particular attention will be paid to examining the pragmatic language and the communicative-social skills displayed by children suffering from autism spectrum disorders. Moreover, another important target of this paper is to connect theory with psychological practice, as well as to promote knowledge for psychologists, child psychiatrists, special teachers, speech-language therapists and parents, so that they can apply appropriate interventions, which have been found to be effective on the verbal, social and behavioral difficulties that children with ASD are facing.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"81 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80978137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autism is an Acquired Cellular Detoxification Deficiency Syndrome with Heterogeneous Genetic Predisposition","authors":"James Lw","doi":"10.4172/2165-7890.1000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000224","url":null,"abstract":"Neurodevelopmental disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorders, have a complex biological and medical basis involving diverse genetic risk and myriad environmental exposures. Teasing apart the role of specific stressors is made challenging due to the large number of apparently contributing associations, gene X environment interactions and phenomimicry [1]. Historically, these conditions have been rare, making causality assessment at the population level infeasible. Only a few vaccines have been tested for association with autism, and it has been shown that improved diagnosis only explains a percentage of the increase in diagnosis. Now, the rates are so high in some countries that public school programs cannot handle the large numbers of special needs students, and professionals are quitting their jobs due to security concerns. Here, I review evidence of the pathophysiology of autism that reconciles the apparent paradox between the high degree of causal heterogeneity in environmental toxins, the absence of common \"autism gene,\" and the high degree of genetic concordance (heritability) of ASD and ASD-like traits. In brief, the sampling of environmental toxins, and thus the environmental toxin sampling liability for ASD varies among families involving different local exposures following injury to normal cellular endoplasmic detoxification and mitochondrial processes from toxic metals. The literature strongly supports that autism is most accurately seen as an acquired cellular detoxification deficiency syndrome with heterogeneous genetic predisposition that manifests pathophysiologic consequences of accumulated, run-away cellular toxicity. At a more general level, it is a form of a toxicant-induced loss of tolerance of toxins, and of chronic and sustained ER overload (ER hyper stress), contributing to neuronal and glial apoptosis via the unfolded-protein response (UPR). Inherited risk of impaired cellular detoxification and circulating metal retoxification in neurons and glial cells accompanied by chronic UPR is key. This model explains the aberrant protein disorder observed in ASD; the great diversity of genes that are found to have low, but real contributions to ASD risk and the sensitivity of individuals with ASD to environmental toxins. The hindrance of detoxification and loss of cellular energetics leads to apoptosis, release of cytokines and chronic neuroinflammation and microglial activation, all observed hallmarks of ASD. Interference with the development of normal complex (redundant) synapses leads to a pathological variation in neuronal differentiation, axon and dendrite outgrowth, and synaptic protein expression. The most general outcomes are overall simplification of gross synaptic anatomy and, neurofunctionally, a loss of inhibitory feedback and aberrations in long-term connections between distant regions of the brain. Failed resolution of the ER stress response leads to re-distribution of neurotoxic metals, and the impaired neurocell","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84522873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Prevalence and Correlates of Autism: A Lebanese Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"D. Saab, M. Chaaya, R. Boustany","doi":"10.4172/2165-7890.1000223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000223","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is a lack of data regarding autism prevalence and factors associated with it in Arab Countries, especially in Lebanon. A study conducted in Beirut and Mount Lebanon governorates estimated the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at 1.53% of children 16-48 months attending nurseries. This study aims at obtaining a total national ASD estimate and find factors associated with the disorder. \u0000Methods: The methodology used to collect data at a national level consisted of administering the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) for screening and a self-administered questionnaire for associated factors. The final sample included 1,373 children aged 16-48 months. Prevalence estimates and crude and adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were generated. \u0000Results: ASD national prevalence is 1.48% with 95% CI (0.84, 2.12), with a 1.13 male/female ratio according to the M-CHAT. In the multivariable analysis, having an employed mother in the last year was protective against ASD (OR (95% CI): 0.36(0.14, 0.93)). Presence of delivery complications was a risk factor (3.58 (1.26, 10.15)). First/ second born and moral support during pregnancy were protective, whereas mother not having a university education and family history of mental illness were risk factors. These variables were not significant in the multivariable analysis, probably due to small numbers. \u0000Conclusion: This is the first study estimating ASD prevalence in the entire Lebanese population, a much needed step to know the magnitude of the disorder. More robust studies are needed to better understand this disorder and factors associated with it in Lebanon and the region that have distinct cultural/environmental characteristics.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"95 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80422299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Performance on Verbal and Nonverbal Multiple-Cue Responding Tasks in Children with ASD","authors":"R. Dunn, Lisa Lokshina, Alexander Faisman, Jonah Elgart, E. Khokhlovich, Y. Gankin, A. Vyshedskiy","doi":"10.4172/2165-7890.1000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000218","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, we present data from an ongoing study of a tablet-based therapeutic application designed for newly diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and modeled on language therapy, Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) and Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT), techniques known to be effective in educating children with ASD. We describe the creation of a variety of analogous tasks that were presented both verbally and nonverbally within the application. This work presents our hypothesis that children with ASD perform better when a command is presented nonverbally. This approach may have important implication for the most effective way of delivering early therapeutic interventions to children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79278019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"People, Policy and Practice\" The Success Story of Bangladesh in Management of Neuro-Developmental Disability","authors":"Tanjir Rs","doi":"10.4172/2165-7890.1000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7890.1000228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"588 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85754122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}