Autism-open access最新文献_第5页

Prevalence of Autism 自闭症的患病率

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.255

M. Rekha

引用次数: 1

Alzeihmer's: Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorder 阿尔茨海默病:慢性神经退行性疾病

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.260

M. Mahesh

引用次数: 0

Autism: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathology, Clinical Aspects and Treatment 自闭症:病因学、流行病学、病理学、临床和治疗

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.253

A. Sabrá, Aderbal Sabra Filho, S. Sabrá

{"title":"Autism: Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathology, Clinical Aspects and Treatment","authors":"A. Sabrá, Aderbal Sabra Filho, S. Sabrá","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.253","url":null,"abstract":"The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs in one out of every 68 individuals and can affect any child regardless of sex, race or socioeconomic status. This study enrolled all patients with the diagnosis of ASD attended at our Unit of Gastroenterology, Food Allergy and Autism (UGAAA). All of these patients were investigated for food allergy (FA). The gastrointestinal tract, the upper and lower airway tract, the skin and the central nervous system of our patients with ASD where extensively studied regards of the epidemiology, pathology, clinical aspects and treatment. It is observed that autism often establishes itself as a disease in patients with adequate psychomotor development and without previous neurological conditions, but with FA preceding the neurological deficits. We hypothesized that FA is one of the foregoing factors in patients who develop ASD, if they suffer from inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). This inflammatory injury may turn neurons the target organ or the FA homing site, once the brain-gut connection is established by different mechanisms. With those new data we were able to develope the concept of the etiology, pathology, clinical aspects and treatment of ASD.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75134187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Children with ASD 自闭症儿童

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.257

M. Rekha

引用次数: 1

Autism: A Brief Note 自闭症:一个简短的说明

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.256

M. Rekha

引用次数: 0

A Preliminary Study: Can Computer Mediated Educational Materials Contribute in Children with Autism Progress in the Right-to-Live Autism Centre 计算机媒介教育材料对自闭症儿童在自闭症生存权中心的进步是否有帮助的初步研究

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2019-03-05 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.236

Khaled Ismail, N. Jomhari

引用次数: 0

The Efficacy of a Visual Auditory Bombardment Intervention (VABI) Versus Traditional Video Modeling Intervention (VMI) in Students with Pragmatic Language Impairments 视觉听觉轰击干预(VABI)与传统视频建模干预(VMI)在语用障碍学生中的效果比较

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.240

A. Lavi

{"title":"The Efficacy of a Visual Auditory Bombardment Intervention (VABI) Versus Traditional Video Modeling Intervention (VMI) in Students with Pragmatic Language Impairments","authors":"A. Lavi","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.240","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Social Communication Disorder (SCD) have deficits in the area of pragmatic (i.e., social) language. Individuals may have difficulty staying on topic, changing topic, providing appropriate comments/questions, using appropriate eye contact, and interpreting and utilizing nonverbal language such as facial expressions, gestures, as well as, changes in prosody/intonation. As speech and language assessments have become more distinguished, intervention approaches have also become more specialized. The current study aims to evaluate a visual auditory bombardment intervention (VABI) designed to target pragmatic language and compare this intervention to a traditional video modeling (VMI) condition, as well as a no-treatment condition (CON). Results of the current study revealed significant differences between the VABI and CON groups in the areas of paralinguistic decoding and paralinguistic signals scores. On the paralinguistic signal measure, the VMI group demonstrated a small effect size compared to the CON group. Additionally, results revealed that the VABI group’s post-intervention scores were larger than the CON group. There was a significant effect size on all social language compression measures for individuals in the VABI group compared to the CON group, and a negligible effect size for the difference between the VMI and CON groups. The key findings of this study are both the CAPs and CASL-2 are effective tools in assessing individuals with pragmatic language deficits. Additionally, the VABI intervention proved to be an effective treatment approach of student’s understanding and use of affective expression, paralinguistic decoding, and paralinguistic signals.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80475434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Development of Executive Functions among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder 自闭症谱系障碍儿童执行功能的发展

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.243

E. Turda, C. Crișan, I. Albulescu

{"title":"The Development of Executive Functions among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"E. Turda, C. Crișan, I. Albulescu","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.243","url":null,"abstract":"Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with long-lasting neurocognitive dysfunctions in addition to impaired socio-communication and restricted, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior, interests, and activities (APA 2013). Long-term follow-up studies show that the developmental outcomes of autistic individuals are highly variable, even for individuals at the more intellectually able end of the autism spectrum. While some individuals go on to live independently and obtain qualifications, the majority fail to achieve independence, to attain full-time employment, or to enjoy friendships. The concept of ‘executive function’ refers to the higher order control processes necessary to guide behaviour in a constantly changing environment. The concept includes abilities such as planning, working memory, mental flexibility, response initiation, response inhibition, impulse control and monitoring of action. The aim of this study was to elaborate an individualized intervention program for children with ASD to develop the executive functions (working memory, selective attention, planning, organizing and inhibition of response). Measures of EF were administered to a sample of 5 pre-schoolers (1 girl and 4 boys with 6–7 years old). The results show that, the individualized intervention program in this study has a semnificative influence to develop the executive functions [H(2)=10,61; p<0,01 (p=0,005) for working memory; H(2)=11,05; p<0,01 (p=0,004) for attention; H(2)=11,88; p<0,01 (p=0,003) for planification; H(2)= 10,9; p<0,01 (p=0,004) for organization and H(2)=10,4; p<0,01 (p=0,005) for inhibition of response].","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86298623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Pragmatic Language across the Lifespan: Evaluating Nonverbal Language and Social Competence Skills Overtime in Individuals with High Functioning Autism and Pragmatic Language Impairment 终身的语用语言:评价高功能自闭症和语用语言障碍患者的非语言和社会能力技能

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.242

A. Lavi

{"title":"Pragmatic Language across the Lifespan: Evaluating Nonverbal Language and Social Competence Skills Overtime in Individuals with High Functioning Autism and Pragmatic Language Impairment","authors":"A. Lavi","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.242","url":null,"abstract":"Pragmatic language deficits are becoming more apparent and can be seen early on in life in individuals who present with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Asperger Syndrome (AS), and Social Communication Disorder (SCD) or Pragmatic Language Impairment (PLI). As our awareness and understanding of social communication disorders advance, so does our assessment and treatment of social language impairments. The current study aims to explore how paralinguistic cues (i.e., facial expressions, intonation/prosody), affective expression, and social context skills develop across the lifetime in students who are typically developing and students with ASD, AS, and PLI. The Clinical Assessment of Pragmatics (CAPs) was given to all students to assess current pragmatic language function. Four subtests from the CAPs were comparatively analyzed in individuals between the ages of 7:0 to 15:11 who present as: typically developing, present with PLI, and present with high functioning autism (HFA). The four key constructs analyzed for the purpose of this study include: affective expression, paralinguistic decoding, paralinguistic signals, and social context appraisal. Results of the current study revealed significant differences in both the typically developing group and PLI group across all ages in nonverbal language (paralinguistic decoding and paralinguistic signals) and social competence (affective expressive and social context appraisal) tasks. Additionally, the current study revealed that students with PLI disorder acquire social language skills in a similar pattern to typically developing students, however, at a delayed rate. Students with HFA did not appear to follow the same pattern of social language acquisition as typically developing students. Students with PLI and HFA may differ in their understanding and acquisition of nonverbal and social competence skills.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89137025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autism Spectrum Disorder Research: Time for Positive Psychology 自闭症谱系障碍研究:积极心理学时代

Autism-open access Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.235

K. Dykshoorn, D. Cormier

{"title":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research: Time for Positive Psychology","authors":"K. Dykshoorn, D. Cormier","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.19.9.235","url":null,"abstract":"Many individuals with ASD, as well as their families, face significant stressors and challenges, but they can also experience strength and resilience. The investigation of positive experiences could be used to support and encourage families as they confront adversities and can increase these families’ life satisfaction. ASD research, to date, has been largely focused on the identification and remediation of deficits. The purpose of this paper is to describe the existing gap related to the absence of positive psychology within ASD research and suggest actions and directions to be taken by the research community to address this gap. This can be achieved by integrating positive psychology into ASD research with the goal of creating a balanced view of people and their experiences. For example, research into the role of positive emotions in resources-building and resilience-promotion is needed. Additionally, on-going investigation into the experience of life satisfaction by individuals with ASD and their families will help to inform professional intervention and support of these families. An argument for a shift in theoretical framework will be made and implications for future research will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87197417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8