Autism-open access最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"N. Nikitha","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.258","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosing mental imbalance range issue (ASD) can be troublesome on the grounds that there is no clinical test, similar to a blood test, to analyze the confusion. Specialists take a gander at the youngster's formative history and conduct to make a conclusion. ASD can now and again be distinguished at year and a half or more youthful. By age 2, a conclusion by an accomplished proficient can be viewed as entirely dependable. In any case, numerous kids don't get a last conclusion until a lot more established. A few people are not analyzed until they are young people or grown-ups. This defer implies that kids with ASD probably won't get the early assistance they need.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"564 ","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72433890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypothesis for How Hyperoxic Therapy May Facilitate Effective Biologic “Correction” of Autism Spectrum Disorders","authors":"Peterson Re, Allen Mw","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.250","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of morphological and physiological abnormalities in the autism brain was recognized in the 1960s. Today, in view of many such extensive pathological findings, it has been stated and reiterated that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a biological rather than a psychological basis. Despite this, other than pharmacologic agents that address limited aspects of symptoms, development of therapies for ASD has been focused primarily on psychosocial measures based on principles of applied behavioral analysis. With this latter approach, however, a generally accepted intervention or group of interventions which consistently and comprehensively address the needs of most individuals with autism in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner has not yet been established. While examining reports of another medical intervention, hyperbaric oxygen therapy with inspired oxygen partial pressures typically ranging from 0.31 to 1.5 atm. for neurological conditions such as autism, we wondered if increased oxygen partial pressure, alone, without the encumbrance, risk, and cost of hyperbaric exposure would produce useful clinical outcomes. In five pilot cases, therefore, a normobaric hyperoxic treatment we have called Microbaric® Oxygen Therapy (MBO2) was administered to preteen and teenage boys with ASD. All results were positive, some remarkably so, and addressed the full scope of the subject’s symptoms. Also, follow-up for over seven years in several cases suggests these outcomes are permanent. To help encourage controlled research on MBO2 for ASD, we have laid out a hypothetical basis for its efficacy using our own pilot study outcomes and observations together with relevant information from the scientific literature, the most important of which we believe relates to regional brain hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, and angiogenesis. In investigating research on angiogenesis and autism, we found a 2016 publication concerning autism postmortem brains which identified persistent splitting angiogenesis, as opposed to sprouting angiogenesis, in some regions of all donated autism brains and in none of the age-matched control brains. With this finding and the established effects of hyperoxia on angiogenesis and inflammation, we have developed a hypothesis that potentially accounts for regional cerebral hypoperfusion; delayed, progressive onset of ASD over the early years of life; increased perfusion in hypoperfused regions of the brain following hyperoxic therapy; the broad range of oxygen partial pressures that seem to have impact; permanent reduction in the symptoms of autism resulting from MBO2; and perhaps, a time-efficient and cost-effective method of treating autism that will help upgrade the long-term prognosis for affected individuals.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85471982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screen Based Media Use among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Typically Developing Siblings","authors":"A. Al-Ansari, H. Jahrami","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.246","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Screen-based media (SBM) use has become a widely practiced way of entertainment and social interaction among children and adolescent. Previous studies on the effects on health and socialization have revealed mixed results. The purpose of this study was to assess the reactions (magnitude, type) of withholding media devises among children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and their typically developed siblings. Method: A cross-sectional design study of children (n=75) attending Al-Wafa and Al-Rashad Centers for Autism recruited as a convenience sample for all registered cases with ASD diagnosis; each case had a typically developed sibling matched for sex and age. ADHD (n=50) group were children with similar age group, diagnosed with ADHD, attending the school Health Clinic. Similar inclusion criteria were applied to the ASD group. Sibling groups were brothers and sisters of ASD, ADHD cases matched for gender and age group of five years. Results: SBM use of ASD cases was similar to their siblings use in term of the type of screen, daily duration of  viewing, and reaction to devise withhold. SBM use among ADHD cases was also similar to their matched siblings in term of a type, time spent on SBM and reaction to devise withhold. However, SBM use was different among ASD and ADHD cases (P=.001) in all three domains: type, viewing duration and reaction to devices removal. Tablets emerged as the preferred platform. Conclusion: SBM use is widely influenced by parental rules and flexibility. These rules are linked with times spent on watching the screen; however, pathological use of SBM seems to be more among children with ADHD in comparison to children with ASD, defined as an overuse of video games/smartphones and their reactions when devices were withheld.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76676738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pervasive Developmental Disorders","authors":"M. Rekha","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.263","url":null,"abstract":"The symptomatic class pervasive developmental disorders (PDD), instead of specific developmental disorders (SDD), are a gathering of issues described by delays in the advancement of various essential capacities including socialization and correspondence. The unavoidable formative problems were mental imbalance, Asperger condition, inescapable formative issue not in any case indicated (PDD-NOS, for example all chemical imbalance range issues (ASD)), youth disintegrative turmoil (CDD), overactive confusion related with mental impediment and generalized developments and Rett condition.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"41 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81482418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics: A Therapeutic Tool to Manage the Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"T. Agarwal, Neelima Asthana","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.248","url":null,"abstract":"Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental disorder that affects communication and behaviour. Children with ASD are 4 times more likely to experience gastrointestinal symptoms as compared to children without ASD due to less diversity of bacteria in their gut. The gastrointestinal dysbiosis has been considered as the most important contributing factor of increasing GIT symptoms among children with ASD. Evidence suggested that alteration in the intestinal micro flora is connected with the severity of ASD symptoms. Probiotic therapy has been proposed as a therapeutic tool for augmented gastrointestinal symptom severity among children with ASD. This narrative review systematically searched the literature to provide an update to Teachers and Nutritionist about the therapeutic role of probiotics to manage the children with ASD by reducing gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 200 articles were screened and 5 articles met the inclusion criteria. There is promising evidence to suggest that probiotic therapy may improve gastrointestinal dysbiosis and reduce the severity of the ASD symptoms among children with ASD. Further research is needed in this context, to recommend about dosage and duration of treatment.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"96 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75970800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinking in Pictures Educational Services (TIPES): A Preliminary Report of an Intensive Behavioral Intervention for Children with Moderate to Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Jennifer Wyatt, Gordon D Turkington, Deborah L Wyatt, H. Spencer, D. Turkington","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.249","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a potentially severely disabling exceptionality, and there is evidence of increasing incidence. In extreme cases major challenges can develop early in childhood for those individuals, their families and educational services. Social isolation, language problems, sensory and behavioural problems can all become entrenched if effective support is not provided. Interventions capable of delivering a recovery trajectory with transition to public/private education for children with moderate to severe ASD have been infrequently reported in the literature. Intensive behavioural intervention (IBI) as delivered within the Thinking in Pictures Educational Services (TIPES) has, as yet, not been tested as an intervention for children with moderate to severe autism. Methodology: IBI was delivered over a minimum of 12 months with 25-40 hours of individual therapy per week. Following a baseline memory paradigm assessment, a participant-specific IBI intervention was delivered. A combination of discrete trial training and ESDM, verbal behavior approach followed by direct instruction programs were used to improve language and social functioning. Baseline and end of intervention Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills-Revised (ABLLS-R) scores were recorded and compared to standard age adjusted mean childhood scores for educational ability. Each participant was assessed Assessment of Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) in order to evaluate the impact of the intervention on the 4 domains of ASD (speech, sociability, sensory, behaviour performance). The primary end point was taken as the last score on the ATEC and ABLLS-R. The primary outcome was attendance in public and privately funded classroom settings. Results: All results within this study were significant. In terms of the primary outcome 9 out of 14 children with moderate to severe childhood ASD treated with IBI, using the TIPES method attended public/private funded sector education during the second year. There was an effect size (number needed to treat) of 2 indicating a very effective intervention. Basic language and learning skills as scored on the ABLLS-R significantly improved (p<0.000). Core characteristics of ASD as measured on the ATEC total scores significantly improved at end of treatment (p<0.012). All ATEC subscale scores significantly improved. Baseline mean speech scores significantly improved (p<0.006) as did sociability (p<0.005), sensory (p<0.078) and behaviour scores (p<0.041). Conclusion: This preliminary study indicated that educational attendance was possible for the majority of children with moderate to severe ASD who were accepted by TIPES and treated with an individualised combined IBI approach based on memory and learning capacity. If these results can be replicated this would be a highly cost-effective intervention.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86930347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lego® Therapy for Autism","authors":"M. Rekha","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.267","url":null,"abstract":"Children with syndrome tend to like many things terribly intensely. Play therapists have, for several years, engineered on unfit passions to assist youngsters learn skills like collaboration, communication, and symbolic thinking.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84295906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Note: Journal of Autism Open Access","authors":"D. Siniscalco","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.251","url":null,"abstract":"I am pleased to mention that during the year 2019, all issues of volume 9 were published online well within the time and the print issues were also brought out and dispatched within 30 days of publishing the issue online. Autism-Open Access Journal has published articles related to Autism Spectrum Disorder, Positive Psychology, Preliminary Study in children’s with ASD, Pragmatic Language Impairments, Social Communication, Mathematical Verification of Texas Laws With Respect to Autism, Impact of ASD on families, Harm caused by drug during pregnancy with ASD. The Journal Impact factor is 1.94.  During the calendar year 2019, AUO received a total of 15 papers, out of which 4 articles were rejected in the preliminary screening due to plagiarism or being out of the format. During 2019 around 4 issues were released. 11 articles were subjected to the peer-review process and 10 of those were accepted.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"232 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87594189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seeking Patient-and Family-Centered Care: The Experiences of Families of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"J. Kouo","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.247","url":null,"abstract":"Children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a higher annual mean number of total clinic, pediatric, and psychiatric outpatient visits, and inpatient and outpatient hospitalizations when compared to children without ASD. Families of individuals with ASD observe and experience specific barriers to medical care. Using a mixedmethods approach and interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), the perspectives of 40 families were gathered through a survey to gain a better understanding of positive and negative experiences, and the implications for healthcare providers and medical settings. Among the themes identified, families shared the need for healthcare providers to be more knowledgeable and trained about the heterogeneity of ASD, to presume competence and to view families as allies in facilitating medical encounters. As a result of these improvements, families also hope that healthcare providers develop greater compassion for families of children with ASD.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"43 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75948790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent Perspectives on Social Skills Instruction of Transitioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder","authors":"Sheila Lewis Ealey","doi":"10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2165-7890.20.10.254","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine parent perspectives of social skills instruction for their transitioning or adult child with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis age 18-28 years. The leading research question asked was, \"What is the perception of classroom engagement for students with ASD who participate in social skills intervention?\" One hundred and thirty-one parents volunteered to participate in the first part of this mixed-methods explanatory design study. The information in this study may allow educators to understand the lifelong benefits of social skills instruction for individuals with autism spectrum disorder and the importance of parent-mediated instruction and education. The findings in this study require further research to assist in understanding how the lack of social skills instruction during school hours and parent partnerships by stakeholders can become a barrier to employment, community participation, and quality of life for individuals with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.","PeriodicalId":89745,"journal":{"name":"Autism-open access","volume":"115 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}