Journal of stem cell research & therapy最新文献

{"title":"Chemical Induction of Human Adipose Stromal Cells Into Hepatocyte-Like Cells under Various Differentiation Conditions","authors":"Coronado Ramon, Somaraki Cormier Maria, N. Shanmugasundaram, C. Robert, O. Joo, Halff Glenn","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000424","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A shortage of donor livers for transplant has led to an increased interest in cell therapeutics as an alternative to whole organ transplant to treat end-stage liver disease. Primary human hepatocytes have been used in cell-based therapies. However, hepatocytes do not proliferate in vitro so it is challenging to grow enough cells for a successful transplant. Many have suggested using hepatocyte-like Adipose-derived mesenchymal Stromal/ stem Cells (ASCs) differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells as a substitute. Here we evaluate how closely these cells resemble primary hepatocyte cell morphology and function.Methods: Human ASCs were mechanically isolated from lipoaspirates. The stem cell nature of ASCs was characterized using flow cytometry and tri-lineage differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. ASCs were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells in culture using various protocols that included combinations of growth factors and small molecules. Primary ASCs quickly attached and proliferated in vitro, forming a homogeneous spindle-like cell monolayer. Mesenchymal stem cells showed high expression of the markers CD73, CD90, CD271, CD44, CD166, CD105, and successfully differentiated into osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. ASCs were cultured on type I collagen coated plates and differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells using 5 different protocols.Results: The ASCs differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells, using protocol C (induction with FGF4 and maturation with HGF, ITSPre, Dex, OncM and 2% serum), displayed a cuboidal morphology. Bioactivity assays demonstrated their ability to synthesize urea, uptake LDL, and metabolize glucose; all cardinal characteristics of hepatocytes, not present in undifferentiated ASCs. Gene expression analysis also showed the expression of several genes known to play an important role in liver function including, TDO2, ALB, HNF1B1, HNF6b, HNF4a, and AFP. However, even the best hepatocyte-like induced ASC obtained in this study had much inferior hepatocyte-related gene expression levels compared to primary human hepatocytes.Conclusion: We successfully differentiated ASCs into hepatocyte-like cells; Protocol C produced the best hepatocyte-like cells based on morphology and function typically seen in primary hepatocytes. Although the results displayed some hepatocyte-related function, comparison of bioactivity and gene expression of hepatocyte-like cells were drastically lower than those of primary human hepatocytes, suggesting that caution should be taken when considering using differentiated hepatocyte-like ASCs to replace hepatocytes. Further studies are needed to better understand the functional capacity of hepatocyte-like ASCs, and which specific metabolic function could potentially offer therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48725072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating progenitor stem cells are important biomarkers of chondrogenesis and osteogenesis: employment in diagnosis and treatment follow up","authors":"M. Valenti, M. Mottes, L. Carbonare","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000425","url":null,"abstract":"Adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) arouse great scientific interest because of their many possible clinical applications. Besides the therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration and repair, they also offer new opportunities as diagnostic tools. For diagnostic purposes peripheral blood represents an easily accessible source of circulating MSCs which show similar characteristics compared to bone marrow MSCs. Dysfunctions in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs are involved in the genesis of age-related degenerative disorders as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Altered expression profiles of specific transcription factors may be monitored in the ex vivo analysis of patients’ peripheral blood MSCs; they represent important biomarkers for diagnosis. Furthermore, changes in MSCs expression profiles induced by pharmacological treatments are useful biomarkers for therapy followup. MicroRNAs also play a crucial role in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells; differentially expressed microRNAs have been associated with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, respectively. MicroRNAs can be recovered from blood, urine, and synovial fluid and represent useful supplemental tools for the diagnosis of these degenerative disorders. \u0000In conclusion, circulating MSCs can be obtained by a non-invasive approach and provide an “ex vivo” source for monitoring various differentiation pathways in normal and pathological conditions; thus they represent a remarkable resource for various clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45831121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-Differentiation of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dopaminergic Neurons for Cell Transplantation","authors":"Ryan M. Welchko, Travis D. Hulse, Sabrina S Dieffenbach, Gabrielle P. Shall, Huo Wangjing, Leslie R Siegal, Jared Watters, Leveque T Xavier, Ming Lu, J. Rossignol, M. Sandstrom, G. Dunbar","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000421","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Transplantation of human embryonic dopaminergic progenitors within the striata of PD patients has provided encouraging results, but ethical concerns and tissue availability limit this approach. The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provides a readily available source of cells, as they are derived from adult tissue. This in vitro study explored the use of MSCs as a cell source for DA neuronal induction utilizing a single adenovirus.Methods: Our lab developed a novel adenovirus expressing multiple viral 2A genes allowing for the polycistronic expression of multiple genes (Ascl1, Lmx1a, and Nurr1) for transcription factors that are involved in DA neuron differentiation and used the gene for green fluorescent protein (gfp) to track transfection. MSCs were cultured with the adenovirus, monitored morphological changes as well as expression of gfp as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy. The presence of the viral DNA within the transfected cells was confirmed with PCR, Immunocytochemistry and RTPCR.Results: MSCs cultured with the adenovirus, resulted in morphological changes as well as expression of gfp as evidenced by fluorescence microscopy. The presence of the viral DNA within the transfected cells was confirmed with PCR. Immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR analyses revealed that, cells expressing gfp have nuclear co-labeling of translated transcription factors LMX1a, and NURR1, as well as an up-regulation of these genes, along with an up-regulation of downstream gene targets, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and the dopamine transporter (DAT).","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49396556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function and Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Acellular Derivatives on Non-Healing Chronic Skin Ulcers","authors":"V. Solarte, Silvia M. Becerra-Bayona, L. Sanchez-Aranguren, C. Sossa, Á. Meana, J. Merayo-Lloves, M. Arango-Rodríguez","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000423","url":null,"abstract":"Non-healing chronic skin ulcers are considered a major biological, psychological, and financial burden for both patients and health systems. Multidisciplinary endeavors are required to address this refractory disease, in order to find definitive solutions that lead to improved living conditions. Diabetes, venous stasis, arterial insufficiency, pressure and radiation are common risk factors associated with chronic wounds. Unfortunately, the cured state for these wounds has a high relapse rate, which adversely affects the patient’s quality of life. Nevertheless, advances on regenerative medicine have allowed the development of cell-based therapies that promote wound healing by increasing cell migration and differentiation. Particularly, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their acellular derivatives have emerged as an attractive therapeutic agent in various diseases, including chronic skin ulcers, due to their role in immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. In this review discusses the characteristics of MSCs as well as their regenerative properties and their action mechanisms on wound healing. Finally, the perspectives of MSCs and their acellular derivatives in clinical chronic skin ulcer therapy are also explored.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7633.1000423","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42087909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gelatin Endorses the Pluripotent Stem Cells from the Reprogrammed Fibroblasts of Adult Mice Differentiation into Subtypes of Neurons in the Feeder-Free Condition for a Long-Term","authors":"Gele Liu","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000420","url":null,"abstract":"Stem cell research and application in the basic and clinical fields have been leading a prevalent in the past 20 years since these present significantly promising meanings. The relevant technologies have momentously advanced, including the cellular matrix to offer stem cells growing healthily environment. Stem cells can originate from several resources such as embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) but they all are dependent on a monolayer of feeder-cells, which are, in the original and most time, on the primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF feeder cells) to sustain their self-renewal growing. However, even though MEF application is still widely applied in the research laboratory and commercial supplies, it meets inordinate challenging since it appears some noteworthy problems such as zoonosis, contaminations, and inconsistence outcomes. Importantly, the hindmost of those halts the downstream applications of stem cells, in particular, in the clinical application. Thus, scientists have hunted around the replacements either biomaterials or non-biomaterials and their mixtures. Recently, we magnificently employed the gelatin-alone-coated dishes in feeder-free condition with the opposite medium for the proliferation of iPSCs derived from the reprogrammed fibroblasts of the adult mouse to overcome these drawbacks of MEF. Moreover, such dishes sponsor the differentiation of iPSCs into succeeding neural progenitor cells, neurons, and as the ultimate product subtype of neurons - dopaminergic neurons up to 6 months. This system is simple, modest to accomplish with lower expenses","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41538387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depletion of Hepatic Antioxidant Enzymes in Experimental Albino Rats Due to Polyherbal Medicines Administration","authors":"S. A. Emaleku","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000417","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Plants and their derived products have served as veritable sources of foods and medicines for humans and animals from the outset, and the emergency of polyherbs (plants-derived products) in recent years has received the widest publicity and patronage by the Nigerian population as alternative medicines. It is not over statement to say many of them lack empirical data or validation to support the upsurge and prevalence in their usage as folk medicines, and little or no scientific data exist on their potential side effects. This study therefore investigates “the effects of some of these polyherbal drugs on hepatic antioxidants in experimental rats”.Methods: Eight of the nine groups containing five animals each used for this study were administered eight different polyherbal drugs following different manufacturer’s recommended dosage, while the ninth group served as control with no polyherb treatment. The study lasted for seven weeks i.e. forty-nine days, and on the 50th day, the animals were sacrificed after 12 h of previous overnight fasting, and their livers were excised for antioxidant assays.Results: Fidson bitters and Asheitu Adams blood purifier (ABP) significantly decreased superoxide oxidase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), while Yoyo bitter and Asheitu Adams formula for diabetes (AD) mostly decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) in a non-significant manner at (p<0.05).Conclusion: All polyherbal medicines caused depletion of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GST), which is an indication of oxidative stress condition, but some of them improved non-enzymatic antioxidants like malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49344988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking Stem Cells and Transplantation in Psoriasis","authors":"G. Damiani, E. Berti, Pigatto Pdm, C. Franchi, F. Asa’ad, M. Fiore, D. Colombo, S. Gronchi, P. Malagoli, R. Piccinno","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000416","url":null,"abstract":"Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease with several abnormalities in hematopoiesis. During the last 30 years, stem cell science was intensively studied, also in the field of psoriasis, to discover therapeutic modalities by reversing the unbalance in lymphopoiesis. In fact, available results in literature have reported psoriasis remission after stem cell transplantation. The present review summarizes the current knowledge on psoriasis, stem cells and transplantation.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7633.1000416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43965609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene based nanomaterials for cancer therapy","authors":"A. Yilmazer","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633-C1-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633-C1-032","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objective : There are common genetic diseases in Hail,but the information about it are still limited.The objective of this cross-sectional study was to detect the most common genetic disease and the risk factor of consanguinity on genetic diseases in Hail. Subjects and methods : The study samples were determined by multistage probability random sampling procedure. Genetic diseases were obtained from 500 papers and electronic questionnaires. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and calculator. Results: The proportions of genetic diseases were ordered from highest to lowest as follow: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus(20%), Congenital Heart Disease(9%), breast cancer(8.2%), Down syndrome (6.4%),Sickle cell disease(3.8%), Muscular Dystrophy (1.8%) and Thalassemia (1%).However, 49.6% of sample answered the question were consanguineous. The proportions showed Thalassemia was the highest disease affected by consanguinity relationship with (100%, p= 0.023","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70410210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing cytokine signatures and cytolytic potential for T cells and NK cells used for immune therapy","authors":"P. Hoegen","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633-C1-031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633-C1-031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70410152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periostin is Secreted by Glioblastoma CD90-positive Stromal Cells and Acts as a Pericyte Chemoattractant","authors":"Edona Emini, Tania Ramos-Moreno, F. Stefani, A. Svensson, J. Bengzon","doi":"10.4172/2157-7633.1000414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7633.1000414","url":null,"abstract":"Glioblastoma (GBM) stroma is composed of multiple cell types including vascular elements, immune cells and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Periostin (POSTN) is a secreted extracellular matrix protein which plays a crucial role in the progression of this aggressive and highly vascularized tumor. However, the cellular distribution of gliomaderived POSTN and whether POSTN can act as a chemoattractant for tumor vasculogenic cells is not known. The aim of the present study was to identify the specific cellular distribution of POSTN within GBM and to explore the possibility of POSTN acting as an attractant for tumor pericytes. Here we show that POSTN expression by large is restricted to the stromal compartment of GL261 mouse GBM. Within the stroma, POSTN is mainly localized to CD90+, most likely mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and to pericytes recruited into the tumor. High POSTN protein levels were found to be produced by CD90+ MSCs acutely isolated from human GBM. Both mouse and human CD90+ MSCs co-expressed POSTN and Integrin β1, permitting autocrine interaction between ligand and receptor. Pericytes expressing Integrin β1 and CD90+ perivascular cells expressing POSTN are adjacently localized within the mouse GL261 stroma. A large fraction of human brain pericytes were found to express Integrin β1 and showed Integrin β1- dependent migration in response to POSTN. In summary, our findings tie the expression and action of POSTN to the stromal compartment of GBM and support a role for POSTN in GBM angioproliferation.","PeriodicalId":89694,"journal":{"name":"Journal of stem cell research & therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2157-7633.1000414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44509975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}