The Internet journal of mental health最新文献

{"title":"Awareness Of Risk Factors And Aspects of Breast Cancer Among North Indian Women","authors":"S. Puri, C. Mangat, V. Bhatia, M. Kalia, A. Sehgal, A. Kaur","doi":"10.5580/11d4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/11d4","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the knowledge of women about breast cancer and its risk factors. Study design: Community based descriptive cross sectional analysis. Setting: Field practice and adjoining areas of urban health training center of Department of community medicine, Government medical college and hospital, Chandigarh. Study subjects: Women more than 30 yrs of age of Chandigarh, North India. Main outcome measures: Women's demographics, knowledge about breast cancer, risk factors, treatment, detection and preventive modalities. Results: All the respondents had heard of breast cancer. Awareness about breast mass/lump to be cardinal symptom of breast cancer was known to 47.2% (463) of respondents. The two main causes of breast cancer according to respondents were late initiation of breast feeding (150, 15.3%) or not practicing breast feeding (166, 16.9%).Late marriage being a risk factor was known only to 55(5.9%) respondents and relation of obesity with breast cancer was known to only 89(9.1%) subjects. The main preventive modality, breast self exam was known by only (324, 33%) subjects. Of those who knew about breast self examination correct methodology was known only to 1/4th of respondents (255, 25.9%).Conclusions: Women do have knowledge deficits about breast cancer and various factors related to it.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83745614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Care Access For Migrant Farmworkers: A Paradigm For Better Health","authors":"P. Clark, L. Surry, K. Contino","doi":"10.5580/cd5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/cd5","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that 9.3 million undocumented individuals are currently living in the United States. More than 15% of the United States' Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is spent in health care each year, more than any other developed nation worldwide; however, the benefits of the health care system are not uniformly felt by everyone living within our borders as more than 47 million Americans have no health care insurance coverage. For this reason, many utilize the emergency room for all of their health needs. Only 1 in 5 farm workers is able to obtain health insurance through either their employer or through the state or federal governments. The lack of health insurance makes it increasingly difficult for the uninsured and undocumented populations to obtain health care, as more than two-thirds of this population is living in poverty. To assist in delivering health care to these individuals and to help ensure necessary public health measures, the paradigm of a “Health Promoter” is being put forth to serve as a potential solution to cost-effective managed health care. The Health Promoter paradigm brings a third world concept to the first world. It is hoped that this paradigm can serve other hospitals and health care facilities to bring medical attention to other undocumented populations nationwide.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90084811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants Of The Utilization Of The Tetanus Toxoid (TT) Vaccination Coverage In Bangladesh: Evidence From A Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2004","authors":"M. M. Rahman","doi":"10.5580/f60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/f60","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This paper employs statistical methods to determine the complete vaccination rate and to identify the factors that influence vaccination of mothers during pregnancy. The principal objective of this paper is to suggest various policy options on the basis of study findings in order to provide guidelines to fulfill the complete vaccination coverage in Bangladesh. Methods: This study analyzes data extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 (BDHS) considering only the case of the mothers of last five years preceding the survey. To meets the objectives this study considers bivariate and multivariate analysis Results: The analysis showed that, although maximum respondents received two or more doses of TT injection a significant portion of women did not receive the TT injection yet (18.6 percent). The immunization coverage of two/more doses was higher among mothers whose husbands are highly educated and non-manual workers. This study elucidates that the rate of immunizing increases with the increase of mother's education. Receiving two/more doses of TT injection shows highest prevalence (58.3 percent) among mothers whose mobility status is unrestricted. The logistic analysis showed that receiving two or more doses of TT injection is almost 3 times higher among respondents using modern toilet facility. The model also shows that higher proportion of respondents belonging to upper category regarding household asset and quality index received two/more doses TT injection than their congruent parts. The other contributing factors for tetanus toxoid vaccination coverage were found to be mother's age at last birth, told about pregnancy complications, place of residences, mother's earning status, sources of drinking water. Conclusion: The results indicate several policy options: (1) improve the monitoring and supervision of vaccination activities especially in the rural area (2) mass media campaign to create awareness among both urban and rural women, their husbands and families about the importance of TT vaccination and the consequences of not being vaccinated (3) education for husband's and wife needs to be given very high priority (4)enable women to exercise their rights to control their concerning freedom of movement, own health acre and access to economic resources","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81951451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Mortality - A Legal Case Study","authors":"Tharwat Mohammed Halwani","doi":"10.5580/46a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/46a","url":null,"abstract":"These study legal case discuss a case of Maternal Mortality presented for litigation demonstrating the obstacles and shortcomings of instruments of justices and social constitutions to guarantee patient rights and safety. INTRODUCTION The Tenth of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) defines a maternal death as the death of a woman pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes (1). Maternal Mortality during childbirth is one of the most concerned attention of health authority in the world because it is linked with economic situation of the mother health care standard in the society and the accessibility of the mother to proper health authority during pregnancy and birth. The mother who die during pregnancy is a healthy mother and her death is very tragic because it changes an occasion which is supposed to be a happy one into a tragic occasion affecting the child and the mother in one hand and the family member in the other because the family will be disrupted , the young child or children left by the mother would suffer from malnutrition, sickness and death. The father would lead unsettled life (2). Medical authorities classify the causes of maternal death according to the following classification: Direct causes: about (80%)","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74975266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, Perception and Behaviour of Nigerian Youths on HIV/AIDS","authors":"C. Durojaiye","doi":"10.5580/1995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1995","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pandemic of HIV remains on the increase with young people at increased risk of infection. This study assesses the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, perception and practices of youths in Lagos, Nigeria. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted between May and June 2008 using structured pre-tested questionnaires among 315 randomly selected students enrolled at a tertiary institution in Lagos, Nigeria. Results: The knowledge of some aspects of the disease was quite high in the study group. The overall mean score to a ten HIV/AIDS knowledge questions was 8.3 of 10 points. 73.5% did not perceive themselves at risk of infection and 70.3% have multiple lifetime sexual partners. Those who perceived themselves at risk are significantly (p=0.019) more likely to always use condoms. Conclusion: The low risk-perception has hindered commitment to behaviour change. Strategies that focus on influencing risk-perception are recommended to prevent further transmission of the virus in young people. Institution where study is done: Yaba College of Technology, Lagos, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75990775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan A Marine Medical Polymer And Its Lipid Lowering Capacity","authors":"B. Prajapati","doi":"10.5580/1045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1045","url":null,"abstract":"The present report is the collection of information on chitosan; a natural biodegradable copolymer; which is extensively researched the improvement of drug delivery like topical, ocular, implantation and injection (micro and Nanoparticles). However there are many other areas where chitosan is widely used like industrial work, nutrient supply and health care. The present review is focused on its fat binding and lipid lowering capacity as a nutrient or health care product.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90566696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milestones In Development Of Good Clinical Practice","authors":"S. Abraham, Della Grace, Thomas Parambi, S.a Pahuja","doi":"10.5580/2193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2193","url":null,"abstract":"Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is a standard for design, conduct, performance, monitoring, auditing, recording, analysis and reporting of clinical trials that provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected. The present day guidelines on GCP have evolved through a series of regulations and policy formulations. This is increasingly considered as an essential part of drug regulation. These guidelines have been evolved with consideration of WHO, ICH, USFDA and European GCP guidelines as well as the Ethical guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Subjects issued by the Indian Council of Medical Research. They should be followed for carrying out all biomedical research in India at all stages of drug development, whether prior or subsequent to product registration in India. This article describes the major milestones in the evolution of Good Clinical Practices. Good clinical practice (GCP) is an international ethical scientific quality standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting trials that involve the participation of human subjects. It also ensures that the rights, welfare and safety of subjects involved in trials are maintained and are consistent with the principles stated in the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki, entitled ‘ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects1. ‘Guideline CPMP/ICH/135/95 entitled good clinical practice’ was developed under the subject of International Conference on the Harmonisation of the technical requirements for the registration of human pharmaceuticals (ICH process) and is applicable in the European union of the United States and Japan. Clinical trial data that have developed according to the guideline should therefore be acceptable by regulatory authorities in each of the three regions, together with Australia, Canada, Nordic countries and the World Health Organisation which was also involved in its development2. The definition of GCP given in the guideline is ‘a standard for the design, conduct, performance monitoring, auditing, recording, analysing and reporting of clinical trials that provides assurance that the data and reported results are credible and accurate, and that the rights, integrity and confidentiality of trial subjects are protected.’ The present day guideline on GCP has evolved through a series of regulation and policy formulations. The major milestones in the evolution of GCP are as follows. 1. FEDERAL FOOD AND DRUGS ACT OF 1906 The purpose of the FDA is to prohibit adulterated/ misbranded food or drugs from interstate commerce. The act is originally enacted in 1906 brought “truth in labelling”. This act was emerged in consequences of a most dramatic report of Sinclair’s book, the Jungle, which graphically illustrated problems in the nation’s meat processing industry. Samuel Haukin’s, Adams magazine article concerning what he called ","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82348134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects Of Demographic And Household Variables On Infant And Child Under-five Mortality: An Application Of Logistic Model","authors":"M. Hossain, M. Islam","doi":"10.5580/2395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2395","url":null,"abstract":"Infant and child are the assets of a country. Women are at the heart of development because they bear children and they are nearly half of the total population. Infant and child mortality is powerful indicators to assess overall health situation of a country. Demographic and household factors have strong influence on infant and child mortality. So, the aim of this study is to identify the effects of demographic and household variables on infant, child and under-five mortality of Charghat Thana in Rajshahi District, Bangladesh. For this, a number of 800 rural women have been interviewed through a structured questionnaire by purposive sampling technique. In this study, logistic regression model is employed to determine which factors effect on infant, child and under-five mortality. In this analysis, it is indicated that age at marriage, birth order, birth interval, household conditions, source of drinking water and breastfeeding practices have significant effects on infant, child and under-five mortality.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89348818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels And Patterns Of Child Mortality: Application Of Indirect Techniques","authors":"Q. Chowdhury, R. Islam, K. Hossain","doi":"10.5580/d0d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/d0d","url":null,"abstract":"The child mortality has been recognized as an excellent summary index of the standard of living and socio-economic development as well as community health system of a country. And it has been considered as a frantic topic to population research in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to estimate the general levels and patterns of child mortality in Natore Sadar upazila. The results show the probabilities of dying (nq0) by Brass, Trussel and Sullivan indicate that are higher for early age group of mother then decline in middle age group and again start to increase with the age of mother increases. The result implies upward patterns of male child mortality over female child but male child mortality patterns for Trussel technique stretch out upward to the patterns of other two techniques. The estimated probability of dying in case of duration of marriage, the male child mortality is higher over female child mortality of all marriage duration groups and the shorter as well as the longer duration, the probability of dying both for male and female are always shown upward patterns. In the study it can be observed baby born to mother below aged 19 years as well as above aged 35 or to mother whose duration of marriage year is less than 4 years as well as greater than 20 years has highest mortality risk.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83338504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Risk Factors Of Low Birth Weight In Chandigarh India","authors":"M. Sharma, Dinesh Kumar, A. Huria, Pratiksha Gupta","doi":"10.5580/10f1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/10f1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate risk factors of Low Birth Weight. Setting: Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh. Participants: 193neonates delivered in the health facility. Statistical Analysis: Normal test of proportions. Results: The overall proportion of LBW was 23.8%. Proportion of LBW was comparatively higher among babies born to mothers who were below 20 years of age (50.0%), poorly educated (32.6%), belonging to family with income less than Rs. 2000 per capita, (28.9%), poorly nourished with pre-pregnancy weight less than 45 kg (50.0%), as compared to others. Primi mothers were comparatively at lower risk (18.4%) of delivering LBW babies as compared to multi-gravida mothers (29.5%). Low literacy level, low per capita income, birth order two and above and maternal age above 30 years were found to be significant risk factors of LBW. Conclusions: Population based interventions in terms of improving maternal education and socio-economic status irrespective of parity should be adopted for reducing the prevalence of LBW.","PeriodicalId":89628,"journal":{"name":"The Internet journal of mental health","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74808996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}