Journal of biomedical graphics and computing最新文献

{"title":"Three dimensional evaluation of upper airway volume in children with different dental and skeletal malocclusions","authors":"K. Kula, Ahn Eun Jeong, Halum Stacey, D. Kendall, A. Ghoneima","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P116","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objectives of this retrospective study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) were to determine if there are differences in the volume of various upper airway segments and the most constricted area (MCA) of children with different dental and skeletal patterns. Methods : The initial CBCTs of 83 orthodontic patients (Angle’s Class I [n = 30]; Class II [n = 26]; and Class III [n = 27]) were collected from a private orthodontic office. Following reliability studies, various parameters of the craniofacial complex, airway volume, and MCA were measured utilizing Dolphin three-dimensional (3D) software. Comparisons among three dental and three skeletal malocclusions were performed using one-way ANOVA and Fishers Protected Least Significant. Associations of the airway volumes and the MCA with other parameters were determined using correlation coefficients, accepting p < 0.05 as significant for all tests. Results : Maxillary right sinus volume was the only airway segment showing significant difference among different dental classes. Maxillary sinus volume also correlated moderately with anterior facial height and mandibular length. No significant differences were found between the MCA and different dentoskeletal classifications. Conclusions : The only significant difference in airway parameters among the dental and skeletal malocclusions was that the dental Class II subjects had greater sinus volume than the other malocclusions. Shorter anterior facial height or mandibular length could be indicators for decreased airway volume in the sinus.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P116","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between 18F-FDG PET (PET/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the detection of regional lymph node metastasis of various malignancies: review of the literature","authors":"L. Qiu, Yue Chen","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P101","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviewed comparative studies of the use of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for the detection of regional lymph node metastasis in patients with various malignancies. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET (PET/CT) compared with SLNB to determine the presence or absence of regional lymph node metastasis. In this paper, we review 15 comparative studies of breast tumors and 17 comparative studies of melanomas that used these methods to detect regional lymph node metastasis. Original articles for other malignancies, including oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, anal cancer, and cervical cancer, are relatively scarce. A consensus has been reached in the literature that SLNB is much more sensitive than 18 F-FDG PET and PET/CT for detecting small lymph node metastasis. 18 F-FDG PET and PET/CT cannot replace SLNB for the evaluation of early-stage regional lymphatic tumor dissemination in this patient population.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software tools for the quantitative evaluation of dental treatment effects from µCT scans","authors":"R. Sinibaldi, A. Conti, R. Pecci, G. Plotino, Roberto Guidotti, N. Grande, M. G. Ortore, C. Becce, R. Bedini, S. D. Penna","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P85","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The 3D images of dental specimens were obtained by means of micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) before and after therapeutic intervention. A suite of software tools has been developed to assess the efficacy of dental treatment as revealed by µCT scans. Endodontic root canal and restorative therapy were selected as model procedures to test and optimize the developed tools. Non destructive µCT imaging allows repeated scans of the same tooth and might provide quantitative information about specimen modifications over time. Preliminary literature has suggested that anatomical characterization and detailed evaluation of dental therapies would considerably benefit from the coupling between detailed 3D imaging and custom software. However, the main drawbacks reside in time consuming pipeline for scanner-time of the specimens and absence of efficient software for accurate data analysis and direct comparison of a set of 3D dental structures. Methods: The software we present here implements co-registration procedures together with an algorithm for the 3D quantitative characterization of teeth hollow spaces and interfaces. The software is targeted to the individualized analysis of the single specimen in an effort to help dentists to quantify the outcome of the surgical intervention performed on teeth. The approach aims to automatically highlight the differences between pre- and post-treatment structures for further anatomical and statistical analysis. Of note, the two different treatments analyzed exploit two different perspectives. As a matter of facts, endodontic therapy aims at the modification of the root canal structure (axe, volume and surface), whereas the restorative treatment focus is on the whole tooth structure. Results: The developed co-registration algorithm allows finding correct superposition in both data sets, despite the preand post-structure can be markedly different, especially after the application of dental adhesive composite in the restorative treatment. Tools for characterization of canal volume and surface are robust with respect to the presence of branches and allow the complete characterization of the endodontic treatments. Modification of the tooth structure after restorative treatments is highlighted after the co-registration procedure in automatic way and allows the user to quantify the volume of voids due to the shrinkage of the material at the interface and eventually the presence of internal cracks or other morphological modification of the tooth structure.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"85-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P85","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancy between regional left ventricular regional circumferential strain assessed by MR-tagging and by speckle tracking echocardiography","authors":"S. Ghannudi, P. Germain, M. Jeung, H. Samet, A. Trihn, H. Petit‐Eisenmann, E. Durand, C. Roy, A. Gangi","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P75","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, myocardial strain imaging has gained an important place for the evaluation of cardiac patients. Global longitudinal strain assessed by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is now commonly used but circumferential strain remains less extensively studied. MR-tagging is recognized as the reference method for circum- ferential strain analysis, however no validation study between regional MR-tagging and regional STE has been performed up to now. Objective: To compare segmental circumferential strain values (Ecc) obtained by speckle tracking and by MR-tagging in patient with normal systolic function in order to define if both methods are interchangeable or not. Patients and methods: patients without significant regional nor global systolic dysfunction (LVEF > 55%) were studied by MR-tagging ( n =82) and by STE ( n =35). Left ventricular mid-level short axis slice was obtained by both methods and paired data were available in 16 patients. Segmental Ecc values were computed in six equidistant sectors using GE EchoPac software for STE and InTag post processing software for MR-tagging. Results: 1) Comparison between regions: Overall results showed that regional peak Ecc magnitude |Eccpeak| was not uniform with both methods but in an opposite way. MR-tagging demonstrated significantly lower septal |Eccpeak| as compared with postero-lateral |Eccpeak| (-16.5±3.6 vs -23.4±4.4, p <10 -4 ). Conversely, STE showed significantly higher septal |Eccpeak| as compared with postero-lateral |Eccpeak| (-22.3±6.4 vs -13.9±6.2, p <10 -4 ). 2) Comparison between both methods: In the subgroup of patients studied by both methods, septal |Eccpeak| was 29% lower by MR-tagging as compared with STE (-14.9±2.4 vs -20.9±6.5, p <.006) and postero-lateral |Eccpeak| was 39% lower by STE as compared with MR-tagging (-12.9±5.9 vs -21.0±2.9, p <.0003). 3) Intra and interobserver coefficients of variation were homogeneous (in the range 10%-14%) for all sectors with MR-tagging but were dramatically variable with STE (15% to 20% in the anterior-septal region but three times higher, in the range 35%-40%, in the postero-lateral territory). Conclusion: Regional distributions of Ecc is not uniform but opposite results are provided by MR-tagging and by STE. This finding demonstrates that both methods cannot be considered as interchangeable. These conflicting results raise the question of the validity of either MR tagging or speckle tracking for the quantification of regional circumferential strain. Some arguments, developed in the discussion would rather let believe that MR-tagging results should be more reliable.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound guidance showing real-time local anesthetic extravasation during injection of two lateral popliteal sciatic nerve blocks","authors":"B. Osman, A. Missair, Robyn S. Weisman, Catalina Castillo-Pedraza, R. Gebhard","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P70","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of this case report is to describe an observation of local anesthetic extravasation while performing single-shot lateral sciatic popliteal blocks on two patients using ultrasound guided imaging. This under-reported phenom- enon may have clinical implications and warrants further examination of conventional practice techniques. Case report: We performed lateral sciatic popliteal blocks under ultrasound guidance for post-operative pain in two patients having surgery in the left lower extremity. Both blocks involved sequential, real-time scans during the injection beneath the complex fascial sheath of the sciatic nerve. Observations included extrafascial extravasation of local anesthetic away from the nerve, up the needle path, and also concentrically outside the nerve sheath. Both blocks had 100% sensory block but slower clinical onset than expected. Conclusions: Ultrasound imaging is an evolving technology gaining popularity for performing peripheral nerve blocks. The incidence and volume of local anesthetic extravasation with single shot nerve blocks are unknown. This phenomenon may be common but frequently undetected given the limited resolution and the two-dimensional nature of current ultrasound imaging technology. The clinical consequences of local anesthetic injection into tissues outside of the nerve sheath are unknown, however our observations suggest speed of onset and quality of blocks may be affected. Further investigation evaluating the extravasation of local anesthetics during ultrasound blockade is needed to re-evaluate injection speeds and the use of conventional volumes for injection.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P70","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Findings at presentation in primary CNS diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the brain: A comparison of immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients","authors":"C. Sampedro, Juan D. Corroto, M. Arias, J. C. Murua, M. F. Fontanillo, A. Castañón, J. P. Cebreiro","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P59","url":null,"abstract":"Background/Objectives: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare tumour with poor prognosis. Due to the increased number of patients with PCNSL over the past two decades our purpose are to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) findings in (PCNSL) of the brain, and to study the differences between immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients with PCNSL. Methods : A retrospective, descriptive study was performed with 59 patients diagnosed of PCNSL in two hospitals from 1997 to 2010. Immunocompetent (n=38) and immunodeficient (n=21) patients were compared and differences between both groups were analyzed. Patients were evaluated according to sex, age, median time from clinical symptoms presentation to pathologic diagnosis, clinical symptoms, location, number of lesions, size, MRI and CT characteristics. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results : MRI findings: 50% of lesions in immunocompetent and 52.4% in immunodeficient group were heterogeneous, 89.5% of lesions in immunocompetent and 85,7% in immunodeficient were hypo-isointense on T1WI; 63.2% of lesions in immunocompetent and 76.2% in immunodeficient group were hyperintense on T2WI. CT images: 48.39% of lesions in immunocompetent and 20% in immunodeficient group were hyperdense. Statistically significant differences between immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients were found when evaluating the age ( p < 0.000) and median time from clinical symptoms presentation to pathologic diagnosis ( p < 0.008). Conclusions: MRI and CT are able to define imaging characteristics of PCNSL, promoting a quick diagnosis. There are no significant differences between immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients for MR and CT features.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a short interval carbohydrate free diet on tissue FDG uptake","authors":"Daniel Klein, J. Dipoce, Dmitry Volkin, Arnold I Brenner","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P54","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Tight glucose control is essential for 18-Fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. A strategy to ensure appropriate glucose levels is to advise a carbohydrate free diet prior to scanning. This alters glucose metabolism which can have ramifications on tissue FDG biodistribution. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of advising a carbohydrate free diet for two days prior to PET scan on FDG uptake in the liver, heart, bone marrow, skeletal muscle and tumor. Materials and methods: All patients at an outpatient facility were advised to maintain a diet free of carbohydrates for two days prior to 18F- FDG PET/Computed tomography (CT) scanning to maintain glucose control at the time of the scan. Self reported adherence to the diet was recorded by the scheduling coordinator on the day of imaging. A retrospective analysis of 228 consecutive 18F-FDG PET/CT scans was performed in which the maximum standardized uptake value (max SUV) was recorded for the following six sites: right and left hepatic lobes, left ventricle of the heart, sacrum, thigh and tumor. The max SUV of the patients who adhered to the diet (n=144) were compared with those who did not (n=85). Results: The average max SUV for the right and left hepatic lobes and the left ventricle were 3.93±0.78, 3.70±0.76 and 6.34±5.12 for the adherent patients and 3.63±0.84, 3.41±0.80 and 6.98±4.69 for the non-adherent patients. The average max SUV in the hepatic lobes of the adherent group was statistically significantly higher by 8.2% in the right lobe and 8.8% in left lobe when compared with the non-adherent group ( p <0.003). The average max SUV in the heart of the adherent group was statistically significantly lower by 10% when compared with the non-adherent group ( p <0.040). No significant difference was observed in the remaining tissues, including tumor. Conclusions: Altering carbohydrate intake can significantly affect the metabolic milieu (FDG biodistribution in normal tissues). The liver max SUV in patients on a carbohydrate free diet prior to PET scanning was higher than those who were not. This difference should be kept in mind when defining a normal cut off threshold SUV in the liver.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P54","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising results using a simple rehabilitation program to treat partial ruptures in the Achilles midportion","authors":"L. Masci, H. Alfredson","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P47","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the outcome of a conservative rehabilitation program in treating partial ruptures in the Achilles midportion. Materials and methods: Twenty-six consecutive recreational and elite-level athletes (22 men and 4 women) with an ultrasound and Doppler-verified partial rupture in the Achilles midportion were followed prospectively during treatments with heel lifts, modified activity level and avoidance of calf stretching exercises for 3 months. Clinical examination, ultrasound (US) with Colour Doppler (DP) examination and pain scores during rest and walking (VAS scores) were assessed at baseline and 3 months after instituted intervention. Patients were followed up by a telephone interview at 6 months. Results: At the 3 months follow-up, there were significantly reduced VAS scores at rest ( p = 0.018) and walking ( p = 0.014), and improvement in the US+DP findings in 25/26 patients. One patient required surgery due to ongoing pain during activity and no tendon healing on US+DP. The 6-month follow-up revealed that 25/26 patients were satisfied with the treatment result. Conclusion: A simple rehabilitation program seems successful at treating partial tears in the Achilles mid-portion.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a parietal lesion detected by diffusion weighted MRI, NaF18-PET/CT and CT","authors":"A. Win, C. Aparici","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P43","url":null,"abstract":"It is very important to accurately characterize skull lesions so that appropriate treatment decisions can be made. False positive readings may lead to unnecessary surgical intervention or radiation. We present a case of a parietal lesion seen on Diffusion weighted (DW) MRI, and further characterized with NaF18-PET/CT and CT in a 69 year old male. This is the first case to report the use of DW MRI, NaF18-PET/CT bone scan and CT in the diagnosis of a skull lesion. DW MRI is known to have high specificity to detect malignant lesions in the skull. If a similar case such as ours in encountered in everyday clinical practice, a differential diagnosis of a benign etiology should be considered.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming methodological limitations in theory-of- mind neuroscientific experiments: A voxel based meta-analysis of verbal and non-verbal theory of mind studies","authors":"Raul Ando Junior, Á. Dias, A. McNamara","doi":"10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P27","url":null,"abstract":"Components of neuropsychological tests commonly employed by neuroimagers in developing a metric for Theory of Mind (ToM) research are currently extremely mixed. Tests commonly include factors which may be separate from the core ToM component such as emotion, morality and verbal skills. We explore these confounds, and hypothesize that the discrepant conclusions that have arisen in neuroimaging ToM research reflect the degree to which a task is confounded by these factors. To test this hypothesis we conduct a coordinate based activation likelihood estimations (ALE) meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. The results demonstrate divergences in neuroimaging results are predicted by divergences in the use of verbal or non-verbal tasks. In response to this finding we systematically describe the main dimensions that should be excluded and included in an ideal ToM task drawing on the wide literature surveyed. We argue, good tasks should rely on minimum verbal content; avoid excessive empathic and moral reactions; include human-like figures executing purposeful behaviors; present several standardized phases, with increased levels of difficulty; and incorporate a clear scoring system, so that performance can be categorized. In order to try to accomplish these goals, we introduce the new ‘Inverted Comic Strips Task’.","PeriodicalId":89580,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical graphics and computing","volume":"3 1","pages":"27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5430/JBGC.V3N4P27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71214567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}