Anatomy research international最新文献

{"title":"A Closer Look at Laryngeal Nerves during Thyroid Surgery: A Descriptive Study of 584 Nerves.","authors":"P V Pradeep,&nbsp;B Jayashree,&nbsp;Skandha S Harshita","doi":"10.1155/2012/490390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/490390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Morbidity after thyroidectomy is related to injuries to the parathyroids, recurrent laryngeal (RLN) and external branch of superior laryngeal nerves (EBSLN). Mostly these are due to variations in the surgical anatomy. In this study we analyse the surgical anatomy of the laryngeal nerves in Indian patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods. Retrospective study (February 2008 to February 2010). Patients undergoing surgery for benign goitres, T1, T2 thyroid cancers without lymph node involvement were included. Data on EBSLN types, RLN course and its relation to the TZ & LOB were recorded. Results. 404 thyroid surgeries (180 total & 224 hemithyroidectomy) were performed. Data related to 584 EBSLN and RLN were included (324 right sided & 260 left sided). EBSLN patterns were Type 1 in 71.4%, Type IIA in 12.3%, and Type IIB in 7.36%. The nerve was not seen in 4.3% cases. RLN had one branch in 69.34%, two branches in 29.11% and three branches in 1.36%. 25% of the RLN was superficial to the inferior thyroid artery, 65% deep to it and 8.2% between the branches. TZ was Grade 1 in 65.2%, Grade II in 25.1% and Grade III in 9.5%. 31.16% of the RLN passes through the LOB. Conclusions. A thorough knowledge of the laryngeal nerves and anatomical variations is necessary for safe thyroid surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"490390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/490390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30720446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic improvements for gross anatomy web-based teaching.","authors":"David R Marker,&nbsp;Krishna Juluru,&nbsp;Chris Long,&nbsp;Donna Magid","doi":"10.1155/2012/146262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/146262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current generations of graduate students have been immersed in technology from their early school years and have high expectations regarding digital resources. To better meet the expectations of Gross Anatomy students at our institution, electronic radiology teaching files for first-year coursework were organized into a web site. The web site was custom designed to provide material that directly correlated to the Gross Anatomy dissection and lectures. Quick links provided sets of images grouped by anatomic location. Additionally, Lab and Study Companions provided specific material for the students to review prior to and after lectures and gross dissections. Student opinions of this education resource were compared to student opinions of the prior year's digital teaching files. The new content was ranked as more user friendly (3.1 points versus 2.3 points) and more useful for learning anatomy (3.3 points versus 2.6 points). Many students reported that using the web portal was critical in helping them to better understand relationships of anatomical structures. These findings suggest that a well-organized web portal can provide a user-friendly, valuable educational resource for medical students who are studying Gross Anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"146262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/146262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30602772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic variations of the right hepatic duct: results and surgical implications from a cadaveric study.","authors":"Theodoros Mariolis-Sapsakos,&nbsp;Vasileios Kalles,&nbsp;Konstantinos Papatheodorou,&nbsp;Nikolaos Goutas,&nbsp;Ioannis Papapanagiotou,&nbsp;Ioannis Flessas,&nbsp;Ioannis Kaklamanos,&nbsp;Demetrios L Arvanitis,&nbsp;Evangelos Konstantinou,&nbsp;Markos N Sgantzos","doi":"10.1155/2012/838179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/838179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose. Thorough understanding of biliary anatomy is required when performing surgical interventions in the hepatobiliary system. This study describes the anatomical variations of right bile ducts in terms of branching and drainage patterns, and determines their frequency. Methods. We studied 73 samples of cadaveric material, focusing on the relationship of the right anterior and posterior segmental branches, the way they form the right hepatic duct, and the main variations of their drainage pattern. Results. The anatomy of the right hepatic duct was typical in 65.75% of samples. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the common hepatic duct was found in 15.07% and triple confluence in 9.59%. Ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the common hepatic duct was discovered in 2.74% and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the left hepatic duct in 4.11%. Ectopic drainage of the right anterior duct into the left hepatic ductal system and ectopic drainage of the right posterior duct into the cystic duct was found in 1.37%. Conclusion. The branching pattern of the right hepatic duct was atypical in 34.25% of cases. Thus, knowledge of the anatomical variations of the extrahepatic bile ducts is important in many surgical cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"838179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/838179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30968581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The human knee: gross, microscopic, surgical, and radiological anatomy.","authors":"Konstantinos Natsis,&nbsp;Nikolaos Anastasopoulos,&nbsp;Eleftherios Kellis,&nbsp;Juergen Koebke,&nbsp;Antonia Sioga,&nbsp;Ioannis Tsitouridis","doi":"10.1155/2012/698346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/698346","url":null,"abstract":"During the last years imaging techniques have rapidly developed in anatomy since they were included in the study of the human body. Normal patterns have been revisited and lately, in the era of evidence-based medicine, anatomy has shifted towards evidence-based morphology. Endoscopic and minimally invasive techniques require a different view and a better understanding of anatomy. Individualized patient care requires understanding of the individualized anatomy especially with regard to surgery. Anatomy is more well timed than ever and the papers selected for this special issue reflect the modern era of anatomy. The papers included are descriptive studies aiming to describe anatomy but they somehow represent different study designs and all of them have been conducted under a clinically orientated perspective. Although the human knee has been extensively studied, it seems that there are still research questions that need to be addressed. We would like to thank the authors for their contributions to this special issue. The fundamental work of all the reviewers is also acknowledged. \u0000 \u0000In the paper “The ‘oblique popliteal ligament:' a macro- and microanalysis to determine if it is a ligament or a tendon” B. Benninger and T. Delamarter challenge a well-known structure, the oblique popliteal ligament (OPL). Based on their observations the authors suggest that the OPL is indigenous to the distal semimembranosus muscle tendon unit. The microanalysis using an immunohistochemistry stain with PGP9.5 revealed a positive result for neuronal axons within both the semimembranosus tendon and OPL. Further microanalysis using an immunohistochemistry stain with β-tubulin revealed a positive stain for neuronal axons in the semimembranosus tendon, OPL, and lateral collateral ligament. Though the latter result leads the authors to question the validity of differentiating the tendon from ligament using this particular immunohistochemistry stain, the macroanalysis results are overwhelming, and the microanalysis reveals striking similarities in the histology of both the OPL and semimembranosus tendon. \u0000 \u0000In the paper entitled “The patellar arterial supply via the infrapatellar fat pad (of Hoffa): a combined anatomical and angiographical analysis” G. Nemschak and M. L. Pretterklieber describe the rich patellar arterial supply provided via the infrapatellar fat pad (of Hoffa). Five human patellae, one was dissected under the operation microscope, a second was made translucent by Sihlers-solution, and three underwent angiography using a 3D X-ray unit, were studied. The results revealed that the patella to a considerable amount is supplied by arteries coursing through the surrounding parts of the infrapatellar fat pad. The latter were found to branch off from the medial and lateral superior and inferior genicular arteries. Within the infrapatellar fat pad, these arteries formed a dense network of anastomoses which are all contributing to the viability of the patellar bone. Th","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"698346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/698346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31150980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tridimensional Regression for Comparing and Mapping 3D Anatomical Structures.","authors":"Kendra K Schmid,&nbsp;David B Marx,&nbsp;Ashok Samal","doi":"10.1155/2012/604543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/604543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shape analysis is useful for a wide variety of disciplines and has many applications. There are many approaches to shape analysis, one of which focuses on the analysis of shapes that are represented by the coordinates of predefined landmarks on the object. This paper discusses Tridimensional Regression, a technique that can be used for mapping images and shapes that are represented by sets of three-dimensional landmark coordinates, for comparing and mapping 3D anatomical structures. The degree of similarity between shapes can be quantified using the tridimensional coefficient of determination (R(2)). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this technique to correctly match the image of a face with another image of the same face. These results were compared to the R(2) values obtained when only two dimensions are used and show that using three dimensions increases the ability to correctly match and discriminate between faces.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"604543"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/604543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30602778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric analysis of cranial shape in fossil and recent euprimates.","authors":"C Verity Bennett,&nbsp;Anjali Goswami","doi":"10.1155/2012/478903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/478903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quantitative analysis of morphology allows for identification of subtle evolutionary patterns or convergences in anatomy that can aid ecological reconstructions of extinct taxa. This study explores diversity and convergence in cranial morphology across living and fossil primates using geometric morphometrics. 33 3D landmarks were gathered from 34 genera of euprimates (382 specimens), including the Eocene adapiforms Adapis and Leptadapis and Quaternary lemurs Archaeolemur, Palaeopropithecus, and Megaladapis. Landmark data was treated with Procrustes superimposition to remove all nonshape differences and then subjected to principal components analysis and linear discriminant function analysis. Haplorhines and strepsirrhines were well separated in morphospace along the major components of variation, largely reflecting differences in relative skull length and width and facial depth. Most adapiforms fell within or close to strepsirrhine space, while Quaternary lemurs deviated from extant strepsirrhines, either exploring new regions of morphospace or converging on haplorhines. Fossil taxa significantly increased the area of morphospace occupied by strepsirrhines. However, recent haplorhines showed significantly greater cranial disparity than strepsirrhines, even with the inclusion of the unusual Quaternary lemurs, demonstrating that differences in primate cranial disparity are likely real and not simply an artefact of recent megafaunal extinctions.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"478903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/478903","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30632525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequacy of semitendinosus tendon alone for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction graft and prediction of hamstring graft size by evaluating simple anthropometric parameters.","authors":"Stergios G Papastergiou,&nbsp;Papastergiou G Stergios,&nbsp;Georgios A Konstantinidis,&nbsp;Konstantinidis A Georgios,&nbsp;Konstantinos Natsis,&nbsp;Natsis Konstantinos,&nbsp;Efthymia Papathanasiou,&nbsp;Papathanasiou Efthymia,&nbsp;Nikolaos Koukoulias,&nbsp;Koukoulias Nikolaos,&nbsp;Alexandros G Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Papadopoulos G Alexandros","doi":"10.1155/2012/424158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/424158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Preoperative identification of patients with inadequate hamstring grafts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is still a subject of interest.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine whether the semitendinosus tendon length is adequate for four-strand graft harvested by common technique (without bone plug) and whether there is correlation of gracilis and semitendinosus tendon grafts length and diameter of quadrupled graft with anthropometric parameters.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 61 patients (45 males, 16 females) undergoing ACL reconstruction using four-strand hamstring autograft tendons were included. Results. The length of semitendinosus tendon, harvested by the common technique, was in 21% of our cases inadequate in order to be used alone as a four-strand graft especially in females (43%). There was moderate correlation between semitendinosus and gracilis graft diameter and patient's height and weight and fair correlation to BMI. We found no statistically important predictor for graft diameter in female patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The length of semitendinosus tendon, harvested by common technique, is usually inadequate to be used alone as a four-strand graft especially in females. The most reliable predictor seems to be patient's height in males. In female patients, there is no statistically important predictor.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"424158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/424158","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30840259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Soft Tissue Artifact Compensation Using Displacement Dependency between Anatomical Landmarks and Skin Markers.","authors":"Taebeum Ryu","doi":"10.1155/2012/123713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/123713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soft tissue artifact is known to be one of the main sources of errors in motion analysis by means of stereophotogrammetry. Among many approaches to reduce such errors, one is to estimate the position of anatomical landmarks during a motion with joint angle or displacement of skin markers, which is the so-called compensation method of anatomical landmarks. The position of anatomical landmarks was modeled from the data of the so-called dynamic calibration, in which anatomical landmark positions are calibrated in an ad hoc motion. This study aimed to apply the compensation methods with joint angle and skin marker displacement to three lower extremity motions (walking, sit-to-stand/stand-to-sit, and step up/down) in ten healthy males and compare their reliability. To compare the methods, two sets of kinematic variables were calculated using two different marker clusters, and the difference was obtained. Results showed that the compensation method with skin marker displacement had less differences by 30-60% compared to without compensation. In addition, it had significantly less difference in some kinematic variables (7 of 18) by 25-40% compared to the compensation method with joint angle.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"123713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/123713","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30856284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin and regenerative potential of vertebrate mechanoreceptor-associated stem cells.","authors":"Darius Widera, Stefan Hauser, Christian Kaltschmidt, Barbara Kaltschmidt","doi":"10.1155/2012/837626","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2012/837626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cell neurite complexes are highly specialized mechanoreceptors present in the hairy and glabrous skin, as well as in different types of mucosa. Several reports suggest that after injury, such as after nerve crush, freeze injury, or dissection of the nerve, they are able to regenerate, particularly including reinnervation and repopulation of the mechanoreceptors by Schwann cells. However, little is known about mammalian cells responsible for these regenerative processes. Here we review cellular origin of this plasticity in the light of newly described adult neural crest-derived stem cell populations. We also discuss further potential multipotent stem cell populations with the ability to regenerate disrupted innervation and to functionally recover the mechanoreceptors. These capabilities are discussed as in context to cellularly reprogrammed Schwann cells and tissue resident adult mesenchymal stem cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"837626"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3467754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30987209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Seminiferous Epithelium of the Testes during Postnatal Development in Assam Goat.","authors":"Kamal Sarma,&nbsp;J Devi","doi":"10.1155/2012/620924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/620924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present work is conducted to elucidate the postnatal development of the seminiferous epithelium of the testes of the Assam goats from 0 day to 10 months of age. A total of eighteen Assam goats divided into six age groups, namely, group-I (0-day), group-II (2 months), group-III (4 months), group-IV (6 months), group-V (8 months), and group-VI (10 months), consisting of 3 animals in each group were used in this study. The seminiferous tubules did not have lumina up to the age of 2 months, hence called the sex cords, and these contained centrally placed gonocytes and peripherally located sustentacular cells. Initiation of spermatogenesis started in 4-month old kids. Luminization process was completed by 6 months of age with all the seminiferous tubuyes having well-developed lumina at this age. These seminiferous tubules contained all the spermatogenic cells of the adult testis. Onset of puberty was observed to be established at 6 months of age in the Assam goats as evidenced by presence of spermatozoa adhering to the adluminal border of the Sertoli cells as well as in the tubular lumen. The histomorphology of various cells of the seminiferous epithelium has been described.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2012 ","pages":"620924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2012/620924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30601073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}