Anatomy research international最新文献

{"title":"Discriminant Function Analysis of Foramen Magnum Variables in South Indian Population: A Study of Computerised Tomographic Images.","authors":"S P Vinutha,&nbsp;V Suresh,&nbsp;R Shubha","doi":"10.1155/2018/2056291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2056291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The foramen magnum as a transition area between skull and spine plays an important role as a landmark, because of its close relationship to vital structures such as the brain and spinal cord. Configuration and size of the foramen magnum play an important role for assessing craniovertebral relations. The objectives of the present study are to find out shape and dimensions of foramen magnum in cranial CT scans. All the variables were evaluated by using discriminant function analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study sample comprised 200 CT scans (110 males and 90 females) of south Indian origin. The shapes of the foramen magnum were classified into 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular (A), and irregular (B). The parameters were noted meticulously and the statistical analysis for sex comparison was made by Student's <i>t</i>-test and was considered significant whenever <i>P</i>≤0.05. To determine the relationships between the studied parameters, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The foramen magnum was classified into 8 types based on shape. Commonest was oval and pentagonal was the least common type. The anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, circumference, and area were significantly greater in males than in females (<i>P</i><0.001). The mean FM index of male CT scans was 85.01 ± 8.67, whereas in case of female CT scans, it was 83.17 ± 7.78. With all the variables in consideration, overall 65% of cranial CT scans were sexed correctly by using multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of FM should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, and so on. The multivariate analysis is by far the best method for determination of sex of cranium with available resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2056291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6178149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36613632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception of Ghanaian Medical Students of Cadaveric Dissection in a Problem-Based Learning Curriculum.","authors":"Abass Alhassan,&nbsp;Saeed Majeed","doi":"10.1155/2018/3868204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3868204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is a drastic shift in medical curriculum from the traditional medical curriculum where various basic science disciplines are taught separately in the preclinical years to integrated problem-based learning (PBL) in many medical schools across the world. In the integrated PBL, the time for classical anatomy dissection is significantly reduced. There are varying views across the world about the perception of medical students to cadaveric dissection. There is however no research on student's perception of cadaveric dissection in Ghana. The present study was to assess Ghanaian medical student's perception of cadaveric dissection under the PBL curriculum and to assess which educational tool students rely on to study anatomy. An anonymous self-administered, Likert-style questionnaire consisting of 24 questions was administered to 132 second- and third-year students after they had completed the dissection schedules for the musculoskeletal system. Participation was voluntary. In all, 89.5% of the students indicated that they had attended all the dissection sessions. The students generally agreed that dissection deepens their understanding of anatomy (87.9%), provides better understanding of clinical skill examination (66.7%), enhances their respect towards the human body (66.6%), provides better understanding of the effect of trauma (69.7%), and makes learning interesting (90.9). However, 57.5% of them agreed or strongly agreed that dissection was stressful. Majority of the students also disagreed that dissection should be eliminated from the curriculum (100%). This study has shown a strong positive perception towards the use of cadaveric dissections in teaching and learning anatomy regardless of the fact that SMHS/UDS uses the integrated PBL curriculum.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2018 ","pages":"3868204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/3868204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36368136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of Internal Organ Weights with Body Weight and Body Height in Normal Adult Zambians: A Case Study of Ndola Teaching Hospital.","authors":"Lumamba Mubbunu,&nbsp;Kasonde Bowa,&nbsp;Volodymyer Petrenko,&nbsp;Moono Silitongo","doi":"10.1155/2018/4687538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4687538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the research was to study the correlation of internal organ weights with body weight and length in normal adult Zambians. The study involved 114 (83 males and 31 females) forensic autopsies from Ndola Teaching Hospital done over a period of 12 months. The cases included autopsies of unnatural deaths including road traffic accidents and homicide. Cases where information about age and origin of the person was not available were left out of the study. The age of the decedents ranged from 16 to 85 years. The data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient to determine correlation. <i>P</i> values less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. It was observed that the heart, liver, left kidney, right kidney, brain, and left lung were positively correlated to body weight, while only the brain and the left lung were positively correlated to the height in the male population. In the female population, the heart, liver, right kidney, brain, and right lung were positively correlated to the weight of the body, while only the right kidney was positively correlated to the height of the body.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2018 ","pages":"4687538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/4687538","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36179001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative Analysis of Primary Fingerprint Pattern in Different Blood Group and Gender in Nepalese.","authors":"Sudikshya Kc,&nbsp;Niroj Maharjan,&nbsp;Nischita Adhikari,&nbsp;Pragya Shrestha","doi":"10.1155/2018/2848974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2848974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatoglyphics, the study of epidermal ridges on palm, sole, and digits, is considered as most effective and reliable evidence of identification. The fingerprints were studied in 300 Nepalese of known blood groups of different ages and classified into primary patterns and then analyzed statistically. In both sexes, incidence of loops was highest in ABO blood group and Rh +ve blood types, followed by whorls and arches, while the incidence of whorls was highest followed by loops and arches in Rh -ve blood types. Loops were higher in all blood groups except \"A -ve\" and \"B -ve\" where whorls were predominant. The fingerprint pattern in Rh blood types of blood group \"A\" was statistically significant while in others it was insignificant. In middle and little finger, loops were higher whereas in ring finger whorls were higher in all blood groups. Whorls were higher in thumb and index finger except in blood group \"O\" where loops were predominant. This study concludes that distribution of primary pattern of fingerprint is not related to gender and blood group but is related to individual digits.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2018 ","pages":"2848974"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2018/2848974","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35957158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infraorbital Foramen and Pterygopalatine Fossa Location in Dry Skulls: Anatomical Guidelines for Local Anesthesia.","authors":"Omar Masabni,&nbsp;Maha Ahmad","doi":"10.1155/2017/1403120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1403120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to locate the infraorbital foramen (IOF) in relation to the infraorbital margin (IOM) for proper injections of local anesthetics in skull specimens. Another aim was to determine the depth of needle penetration into pterygopalatine fossa through the greater palatine canal (GPC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>102 skull halves were used to measure the distances between (1) IOF and IOM and (2) IOF and alveolar ridge of maxilla at second premolar. Needles were inserted and bent at a 45° angle, passing through the GPC at the level of hard palate. The depth of the tip of needle emerging out of GPC into pterygopalatine fossa was measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean distance between IOF and IOM was 6.46 ± 1.57 mm on the right side and 6.74 ± 1.72 mm on the left. The mean distance between IOF and alveolar bone process of the maxilla at second premolar was 29.07 ± 3.58 mm on the right side and 29.39 ± 3.78 mm on the left. The mean depth of penetration of the needle into the pterygopalatine fossa was similar on both sides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proper identification of IOF and pterygopalatine fossa is of great significance during local anesthesia injections, due to their close proximity to vital anatomic structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1403120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1403120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35802050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stereopsis, Visuospatial Ability, and Virtual Reality in Anatomy Learning.","authors":"Jan-Maarten Luursema,&nbsp;Marc Vorstenbosch,&nbsp;Jan Kooloos","doi":"10.1155/2017/1493135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1493135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new wave of virtual reality headsets has become available. A potential benefit for the study of human anatomy is the reintroduction of stereopsis and absolute size. We report a randomized controlled trial to assess the contribution of stereopsis to anatomy learning, for students of different visuospatial ability. Sixty-three participants engaged in a one-hour session including a study phase and posttest. One group studied 3D models of the anatomy of the deep neck in full stereoptic virtual reality; one group studied those structures in virtual reality without stereoptic depth. The control group experienced an unrelated virtual reality environment. A post hoc questionnaire explored cognitive load and problem solving strategies of the participants. We found no effect of condition on learning. Visuospatial ability however did impact correct answers at <i>F</i>(1) = 5.63 and <i>p</i> = .02. No evidence was found for an impact of cognitive load on performance. Possibly, participants were able to solve the posttest items based on visuospatial information contained in the test items themselves. Additionally, the virtual anatomy may have been complex enough to discourage memory based strategies. It is important to control the amount of visuospatial information present in test items.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2017 ","pages":"1493135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/1493135","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35125447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Assessment of the Congenital Absence of Palmaris Longus and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscles in Young Saudi Population.","authors":"Mohammed Talal Alzahrani,&nbsp;Mohammad Abdullah Almalki,&nbsp;Turki Abdullah Al-Thunayan,&nbsp;Amjaad Hamad Almohawis,&nbsp;Ahmed Turki Al Turki,&nbsp;Loung Umedani","doi":"10.1155/2017/5342497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5342497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Introduction.</i> Congenital Palmaris Longus (PL) absence was found in 15%-20.25% of population globally. This condition and Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) tendon absence in little finger are not known in Saudi Arabia. We studied prevalence of PL and FDS agenesis in Saudi Arabian population. <i>Methods.</i> A random cross-sectional study was carried out after an ethical approval in the Riyadh universities. Schaeffer's test was used to examine PL absence. The Modified test was used to examine FDS absence. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and the SPSS Software version 22. <i>Results.</i> The volunteers, 331, males 164 (49.5%) and females 167 (50.5%), mean age of 23 (SD ± 5.3), showed right hand dominance in 294 (88.8%) and bilateral absence of PL and FDS in 15.1% and 14.8%, respectively. The hand dominance showed no significant relation between PL and FDS absence, <i>p</i> value = 0.788, 0.835, respectively. Generally, we found a weak correlation between absence of the PL and FDS, <i>p</i> value ≥ 0.595. <i>Conclusion.</i> The bilateral absence of PL and FDS was found as 15.1% and 14.8%, respectively. Variation of the FDS tendon absence was an independent entity for the PL absence. The dominance of hands was not related to the tested variables found in PL and FDS agenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2017 ","pages":"5342497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/5342497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34982395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Area of Patellar Facets: Inferential Statistics in the Iraqi Population.","authors":"Ahmed Al-Imam,&nbsp;Zaid Al-Zamili,&nbsp;Rawan Omar","doi":"10.1155/2017/2685159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2685159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background</i>. The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the body; its three-dimensional complexity necessitates biomechanical perfection. Numerous pathologies occur at the patellofemoral unit which may end in degenerative changes. This study aims to test the presence of statistical correlation between the surface areas of patellar facets and other patellar morphometric parameters. <i>Materials and Methods</i>. Forty dry human patellae were studied. The morphometry of each patella was measured using a digital Vernier Caliper, electronic balance, and image analyses software known as ImageJ. The patellar facetal surface area was correlated with patellar weight, height, width, and thickness<i>. Results</i>. Inferential statistics proved the existence of linear correlation of total facetal surface area and patellar weight, height, width, and thickness. The correlation was strongest for surface area versus patellar weight. The lateral facetal area was found persistently larger than the medial facetal area, the <i>p value</i> was found to be <0.001 (one-tailed <i>t</i>-test) for right patellae, and another significant <i>p value</i> of < 0.001 (one-tailed <i>t</i>-test) was found for left patellae. <i>Conclusion</i>. These data are vital for the restoration of the normal biomechanics of the patellofemoral unit; these are to be consulted during knee surgeries and implant designs and can be of an indispensable anthropometric, interethnic, and biometric value.</p>","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"2017 ","pages":"2685159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2017/2685159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34861757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Variability in the Branching Pattern of the Internal Iliac Artery in Indian Population and Its Clinical Importance”","authors":"Vinod Bhaskaran","doi":"10.1155/2016/8193713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8193713","url":null,"abstract":"I recently came across an interesting and useful article on \" Variability in the Branching Pattern of the Internal Iliac Artery in Indian Population and Its Clinical Importance, \" by Sakthivelavan et al. [1]. As a practicing obstetrician who has served in several parts of developing countries, I would first like to thank the authors for their commendable desire to contribute to a topic of great clinical significance. Hemorrhage is one of the common causes of maternal deaths in the developing nations [2, 3]. Pelvic hemorrhage is also a major cause of morbidity and mortality in gynecological surgeries [4]. Kelly [5] was the first to describe ligation of the internal iliac artery (IIA) as a method to control hemorrhage during pelvic surgery in 1894. Since then, this procedure has helped save many lives and uteruses for over a century. It was long believed that ligation of the hypogastric arteries would lead to complete cessation of blood flow in the area supplied by these vessels. Yet, owing to the activation of the anastomotic network immediately after ligation, blood is never completely drained from the hypogastric artery distally to the site of ligation as demonstrated by Burchell in 1968 [6]. Bleeding from the uterus diminishes because there is no arterial pressure or pulsation in the arteries after ligation; instead, pressure becomes the same as that in the venous system. The use of IIA ligation in current obstetrics and gynecol-ogy is controversial due to the technical challenges the procedure involves and the variation in success rates. The efficacy of this procedure in controlling obstetrical hemorrhage has been reported to range within 42–75% [7–10]. Despite the fact that this procedure is mostly done as an emergency, it still requires the surgeon to have a thorough understanding of the anatomy to prevent iatrogenic injury and to have adequate hemostasis. It was interesting to read about the different anatomical variations of the IIA in the Indian population. Conventionally, the IIA is ligated 5 cm distal to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery as it is said to spare the posterior division and avoid gluteal ischemia and necrosis. However, I was quite surprised to see that in as high as 25.9% of the cases this might not be the case due to anatomical variation [1]. It was also interesting to note the anomalous origin of the obturator artery from the posterior division in 6.8% of cases …","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80826221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Projection of Interosseous Foramen of the Leg: Cadaver Study","authors":"Eric Arguello, Carissa Stoddard, H. Liu, Mike Richardson, Andrea Hartis","doi":"10.1155/2016/6312027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6312027","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. This study was conducted to identify the surface projection of the interosseous foramen and associated structures of the proximal leg using the average clinician's thumb width as a quick measurement to assist in differential diagnosis and treatment. Methods. Twelve cadavers (5 males and 7 females, age range = 51–91 years, and mean age = 76.9) were dissected for analysis. Location and size of interosseous foramen, location of anterior tibial artery, location of deep fibular nerve, and corresponding arterial branches were measured and converted into thumb widths. Results. Mean thumb width measured among the cadavers was 17.94 ± 3.9 mm. The interosseous foramen measured was approximately 1 thumb width vertically (18.47 ± 3.0 mm) and 1/2 thumb width horizontally (7.32 ± 2.1 mm) and was located approximately 1 thumb width distally to the tibial tuberosity (20.81 ± 6.8 mm) and 2 thumb widths (37.47 ± 4.7 mm) lateral to the tibial ridge. The anterior tibial artery and deep fibular nerve converged approximately 4 thumb widths (74.31 ± 14.8 mm) inferior to the tibial tuberosity and 2 thumb widths (33.46 ± 4.9 mm) lateral to the tibial ridge. Conclusion. Clinicians may identify anatomical structures of the proximal leg with palpation using the thumb width for measurement.","PeriodicalId":89526,"journal":{"name":"Anatomy research international","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80821936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}