Wildlife biology in practice (Online)最新文献_第3页

HUMAN DISTURBANCE AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ELK IN EASTERN WASHINGTON 人为干扰与华盛顿东部麋鹿的生理反应

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2015-05-20 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2015.11.3

D. Jachowski, S. McCorquodale, B. Washburn, J. Millspaugh

{"title":"HUMAN DISTURBANCE AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF ELK IN EASTERN WASHINGTON","authors":"D. Jachowski, S. McCorquodale, B. Washburn, J. Millspaugh","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2015.11.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2015.11.3","url":null,"abstract":"Stress hormone measures have proven useful for assessing effects of human disturbance on wildlife populations. However, most studies are of short duration or limited geographic scope (i.e., without spatial replication), leading to concerns about confounding effects of biotic conditions. Previous research correlated fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) of elk (Cervus elaphus) with human disturbance, but this factor also co-varied with seasonal climatic conditions, making it difficult to make broader inference regarding the role of human disturbance. In this study we attempted to simultaneously evaluate the effects of climatic conditions and human disturbance by comparing the year-round physiological stress response of elk to varying levels of human disturbance at three study sites in south-central Washington State. FGMs were consistently elevated throughout the year at the study site receiving the greatest amount of human disturbance. We observed support for a positive effect of precipitation and increasing temperature on FGMs at the low-disturbance site, but less support for importance of climatic variables in explaining FGMs at the high-disturbance sites - suggesting that climatic variables were likely of secondary importance compared to anthropogenic stressors in elk at those sites. Collectively, while we were unable to disentangle the effects of site- specific stressors, our findings suggest that in this environment, humans were a dominant stressor influencing FGM levels. Therefore, interpreting results of physiological studies requires that researchers account for a broad combination of biotic and abiotic stressors at a particular study location. We particularly encourage future investigators to account for the potential confounding effect of human disturbance that could override other stressors.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"20 1","pages":"12-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78464025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Understanding Tiger –Human Conflict in Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR,) India: Based on the genetic analysis 了解印度科贝特老虎保护区(CTR)老虎与人类的冲突:基于遗传分析

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2015-05-20 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2015.11.1

S. Singh, Vipin Sharma, Sudhanshu Mishra, P. Pandey, V. Kumar, S. Goyal

{"title":"Understanding Tiger –Human Conflict in Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR,) India: Based on the genetic analysis","authors":"S. Singh, Vipin Sharma, Sudhanshu Mishra, P. Pandey, V. Kumar, S. Goyal","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2015.11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2015.11.1","url":null,"abstract":"Attacks of tigers on humans are a common feature of human-wildlife conflicts in India, and the individual identification of such animals has been an issue for management purposes. We document a case study where we established the species, sex and genetic identity of a man-eater tiger reported from Corbett Tiger Reserve (CTR), India, using blood spots and other biological samples. A man-eater tiger killed 4 women within 2 months (December 2010 to January 2011) in different parts of CTR. The authorities decided to shoot the animal, and attempts were made to do so, but it escaped. After 16 days, a tiger was shot by the management, and biological samples were collected. The multi-locus genetic profile of an injured tiger based on blood from the injured tiger was compared with that from biological samples from the shot tiger. Our results indicate that the injured and shot tigers were the same individual. This study elucidates the potential of wildlife genetics in identification of tigers involved in fatal attacks and improves the wildlife management strategies employed where the greatest numbers of direct human- tiger conflicts are taking place.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85511476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Modeling habitat potential for elk expansion in Michigan, USA 模拟美国密歇根州麋鹿扩张的栖息地潜力

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-12-03 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.14

Shawn T. O’Neil, J. Bump

{"title":"Modeling habitat potential for elk expansion in Michigan, USA","authors":"Shawn T. O’Neil, J. Bump","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2014.10.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2014.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Elk (Cervus elaphus) range expansion and reintroduction is a topic of national interest in wildlife management. Eastern states are facilitating the recolonization of elk to historic ranges. Success of these herds depends on habitat evaluations, site-specific considerations of human tolerance to elk and interactions between elk and existing wildlife. Interest in elk restoration has increased for multiple stakeholders in Michigan (USA), where prospering elk suggest there is potential for range expansion. Habitat quality at the landscape scale for elk in Michigan depends primarily on available forage, suitable cover, habitat diversity, and road densities so we quantified these factors in the Upper Peninsula and northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan using a habitat suitability index model framework. We focused our analysis on target areas of interest and compared habitat suitability values occurring at those locations to values occurring within the current elk range (Pigeon River County State Forest area, or Pigeon River). We used elk habitat utilization information associated with the Pigeon River to validate and adjust our habitat suitability model. We also included a model that assigned less weight to the road density parameter, to account for uncertainty regarding the influence of roads on elk. Results from our habitat models suggested that patches of moderately suitable habitat exist outside the Pigeon River range in Michigan. Target areas differed in quality and quantity of habitat when compared to existing elk range, but habitat suitability values overlapped considerably among locations. Large patches of moderately suitable habitat also occurred outside of target areas. Results suggest that Michigan has potential to support an expanded elk range; however, additional site-specific considerations (land ownership, winter snowpack, deer-elk interaction, wolf density) likely need to be accounted for at potential restoration and expansion sites.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"81 1","pages":"111-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90401630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Calling activity of indian giant flying squirrel (Petaurista philippensis Elliot, 1839) in the tropical deciduous forests, India 印度热带落叶林中印度大飞鼠(Petaurista philippensis Elliot, 1839)的呼唤活动

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-10-15 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.13

V. K. Koli

引用次数: 4

Conspecific scent improves capture rates for nine-banded armadillos 同种气味提高了九带犰狳的捕获率

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-10-13 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.12

J. Martin, Craig A. Marshall, J. Belant, Scott Cagle, Ben West

引用次数: 5

Dietary variation of the stone marten (Martes foina): A meta-analysis approach 石貂(Martes foina)的饮食变化:荟萃分析方法

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-09-04 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.11

M. Papakosta, K. Kitikidou, D. Bakaloudis, C. Vlachos

{"title":"Dietary variation of the stone marten (Martes foina): A meta-analysis approach","authors":"M. Papakosta, K. Kitikidou, D. Bakaloudis, C. Vlachos","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2014.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2014.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Goal: Understanding the biogeographical trophic patterns of generalist predators, such as the Stone Marten (Martes foina), is particularly challenging due to their wide distributions and the broad trophic spectrum. The geographical variation in food habits of the Stone Marten was reviewed. Method: We collected data from 43 studies, from the available literature on food studies from locations which covered most of the Stone Marten’s European range. We explored if there is a pattern in dietary composition of the species, related to geographical range. The original data were expressed as weight, percentage of numerical abundance (%N) and frequency of occurrence of the food items measured in stomachs and scats, in North and Central Greece, and we compared them using meta-analysis. Results – Conclusions: We observed a clear latitudinal differentiation and heterogeneity in the main food categories (mammals, birds-eggs, insects, vegetation-fruits and reptiles-amphibians). Consequently, we concluded that variations in feeding habits of Stone Marten could be associated to local climate and, therefore, the availability of alternative potential food. In a general geographical scale, Stone Marten respond to varying food availability by adjusting its foraging strategy and should be considered opportunistic and flexible feeder.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"49 1","pages":"85-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83319103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Hunting Issues in Contemporary Society: Perspectives of Resident Hunters in Montana (USA) 当代社会的狩猎问题:美国蒙大拿州居民猎人的视角

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-08-09 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.10

S. Eliason

引用次数: 4

Age-specific changes in body mass and delayed physical development of a known-aged sample of wild, white-tailed deer 一个已知年龄的野生白尾鹿样本的体重和身体发育延迟的年龄特异性变化

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-08-01 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.9

Stephen L. Webb, K. Gee, Phillip D. Jones

{"title":"Age-specific changes in body mass and delayed physical development of a known-aged sample of wild, white-tailed deer","authors":"Stephen L. Webb, K. Gee, Phillip D. Jones","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2014.10.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2014.10.9","url":null,"abstract":"Ontogeny is important to life history processes and evolution because it can influence fitness through survival and reproduction. However, most studies related to ontogeny of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been carried out under controlled settings (in captive herds) where deer do not experience the same levels of environmental variability as wild deer. We use a 23-year data set of wild, known-aged deer to study changes in sex- and age-specific body mass. We found that body mass increased with age in both females and males and was best described by a 3rd order polynomial function. During the first year of life, from fawns to yearlings, females gained on average 76.6% greater mass while males gained 89.6% greater mass. Body mass gain slowed significantly after 2 years of age for females (annual gain was <7%), and by 2 years of age, females had reached 92% of their maximum lifetime body mass. For males, body mass continued to increase through 5 years of age. Body mass of males was largely influenced by their year of birth; however, this was not the case for females. Males born during suboptimal years showed signs of delayed physical development; males had less body mass as fawns and yearlings than males born during good years, but at 2 years of age, deer born during suboptimal years exhibited compensatory growth and had body mass similar to deer born during good years. These data make a significant contribution to ontogeny of white-tailed deer because these longitudinal data were collected on a known-aged, wild population under variable environmental conditions; a scenario for which a paucity of ontogenetic data exists.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"6 1","pages":"69-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86568511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Preliminary Data Used to Assess the Accuracy of Estimating Female White-Tailed Deer Diel Birthing-Season Home Ranges Using Only Daytime Locations 初步数据用于评估仅使用白天位置估计雌性白尾鹿出生季节栖息地范围的准确性

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-07-21 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.8

S. Barber-Meyer, L. Mech

{"title":"Preliminary Data Used to Assess the Accuracy of Estimating Female White-Tailed Deer Diel Birthing-Season Home Ranges Using Only Daytime Locations","authors":"S. Barber-Meyer, L. Mech","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2014.10.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2014.10.8","url":null,"abstract":"Because many white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) home-range and habitat-use studies rely only on daytime radio-tracking data, we were interested in whether diurnal data sufficiently represented diel home ranges. We analyzed home-range and core-use size and overlap of 8 adult-female Global-Positioning-System-collared deer during May and June 2001 and 2002 in the Superior National Forest, Minnesota, USA. We used two traditional means of analysis: minimum-convex polygons (MCP) and fixed kernels (95% FK, home range and 50% FK, core use) and two methods to partition day and night location data: (1) daytime = 0800-2000 h versus nighttime = 2000-0800 h and (2) sunup versus sundown. We found no statistical difference in size of home-range and core-use areas across day and night comparisons; however, approximately 30% of night-range areas on average were not accounted for using daytime locations, with even greater differences between core-use areas (on average approximately 50%). We conclude that diurnal data do not adequately describe diel yearling and adult-female-deer, home-range size and location during May and June, especially core-use estimation (50% FK). In analysing both yearling and adult-female-deer location data during a period that includes parturition we were studying a worst-case scenario. We suggest research to determine (1) if our findings hold under more-ideal circumstances (e.g., all adult deer, exclusive of the parturition period), (2) if our conclusions generalize under other conditions, and (3) if habitat-use conclusions are affected by the incomplete overlap between diurnal and diel data.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"14 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81506823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The effect of gender on biomarkers of environmental contamination of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) 性别对狍环境污染生物标志物的影响

Wildlife biology in practice (Online) Pub Date : 2014-07-16 DOI: 10.2461/WBP.2014.10.7

I. Casa-Resino, D. Hernández-Moreno, A. López-Beceiro, L. Rigueira, M. Míguez, M. Pérez-López, L. Fidalgo

{"title":"The effect of gender on biomarkers of environmental contamination of Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)","authors":"I. Casa-Resino, D. Hernández-Moreno, A. López-Beceiro, L. Rigueira, M. Míguez, M. Pérez-López, L. Fidalgo","doi":"10.2461/WBP.2014.10.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2461/WBP.2014.10.7","url":null,"abstract":"Living beings are constantly exposed to a wide variety of environmental contaminants and their biochemical response can be employed to assess the possible biological impact of such pollution. Sex can play a major role in the uptake, fate, and effects of contaminants in organisms. The present study evaluated endogenous levels of different biomarkers in both male and female roe deer in order to determine background levels of these biomarkers and sex-related differences in this species. Post-mitochondrial hepatic, renal, and pulmonary cytochrome P450 subfamily 1A1, as well as phase II enzymes glutathione S-transferase and uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase, and lipid peroxidation in terms of malondialdehyde levels were determined. The highest values of all the considered parameters were quantified in liver. Results showed no differences in levels of enzymatic activities in the three considered tissues. However, a statistical difference (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation was observed in liver, finding higher values in males. The obtained results indicate that liver is the most important biotransformation site, rendering this organ as the first choice for biomonitoring studies. Nevertheless, the differences related to sex in this organ should be taken into account when the effect of pollutants has to be studied on specific ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":89522,"journal":{"name":"Wildlife biology in practice (Online)","volume":"330 1","pages":"51-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76572646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1