Trastornos adictivos最新文献_第4页

Efectos neuropsicológicos del consumo de cannabis 大麻使用的神经心理影响

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70021-6

A. Verdejo-García

{"title":"Efectos neuropsicológicos del consumo de cannabis","authors":"A. Verdejo-García","doi":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70021-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70021-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cannabis abuse is associated with motivational and cognitive deficits, as well as with a higher risk to develop psychopathologies, including addiction and schizophrenia. In this review we discuss current neuroscientific findings on the neuroadaptive effects of cannabis use, its impact on learning and judgment processes, and the links between deficits in these core basic processes and complex psychopathological symptoms. The acute effects of cannabis on brain functioning induce hyperactivation of hippocampal regions during memory encoding and alterations in the striatal gradient of activation during memory recollection. Neuroimaging studies in chronic users of cannabis have observed volumetric reductions in the hippocampus, and metabolic hypoactivations in medial and lateral prefrontal cortices. These neuroadaptations are associated with neuropsychological deficits in learning, memory, cognitive control and decision-making, and correlate with the intensity of the psychotic symptoms experienced by users. The functional links between the brain regions and neuropsychological mechanisms impacted by cannabis use point to a dysregulation of the prefrontal-hippocampal-striatal systems controlling the cognitive input of judgment and forecasting processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89512,"journal":{"name":"Trastornos adictivos","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 97-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70021-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56515147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Efectos farmacológicos y fisiológicos del consumo de cannabis 大麻使用的药理和生理效应

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70020-4

O. Sagredo

引用次数: 4

Autoevaluación y Formación Continuada en Trastornos Adictivos 成瘾障碍的自我评估和持续培训

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70026-5

引用次数: 0

Consumo de cannabis y neurodesarrollo: ¿por qué son relevantes las diferencias de género? 大麻使用与神经发育:为什么性别差异相关?

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70022-8

M.P. Viveros, E.M. Marco

{"title":"Consumo de cannabis y neurodesarrollo: ¿por qué son relevantes las diferencias de género?","authors":"M.P. Viveros, E.M. Marco","doi":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70022-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70022-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animal models in neuroscience are an essential tool for the translational investigation of the neurobiological bases of psychiatric disorders, including drug addiction. Despite some limitations, these experimental models are of great relevance for the study of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphisms affecting diverse psychobiological aspects. We will focus on those described for mental disorders including addiction that have been underestimated until recent years and that still require a wider and deeper investigation. Throughout the present manuscript we show and discuss data from animal models based in the neurodevelopmental theory and we pay special attention to the critical neonatal and adolescent periods, the endocannabinoid system as physiological regulator and cannabis as a drug of abuse. We show evidence for a role of the endocannabinoid system in the consequences of early maternal deprivation and also discuss long-term effects of adolescent cannabis exposure, emphasizing the risks of dependence and psychiatric disorders. All these data provide evidence for sex differences in the consequences of both neonatal stress and juvenile cannabinoid exposure, and point out the necessity of considering “sex” (“gender”) as a critical factor in preclinical, clinical and epidemiological studies. We also emphasize that a fluent communication among these three approaches in needed is order to improve prevention and therapeutic strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89512,"journal":{"name":"Trastornos adictivos","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70022-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56515162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cannabis, juventud y género: nuevos patrones de consumo, nuevos modelos de intervención 大麻、青年和性别:新的消费模式、新的干预模式

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70019-8

N. Romo-Avilés

{"title":"Cannabis, juventud y género: nuevos patrones de consumo, nuevos modelos de intervención","authors":"N. Romo-Avilés","doi":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70019-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70019-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Incorporate the gender perspective into the world of drug studies generate new concepts and ways of understanding the realities of the drug uses for women and men. Cannabis is the illicit drug most consumed by Spanish students 14 to 18 years. Consumption is more prevalent among boys in all indicators, although this difference is not as strong as for other illegal drugs. Substances such as cannabis are not longer associated with the poor and marginal people, but are embedded in social contexts categorized as “normal”, and so are perceived by most consumers. The normalization process of the comsuption and low perception of risk associated with its use and abuse have had to play a role in the incorporation of women to their consumption. Consideration of the role of gender in alcohol, tobacco, and drug use, for the most part, has been omitted from studies of intervention effectiveness. Consequently, although scientists now can state with confidence that effective prevention approaches exist, it is not clear whether those programs are effective specifically for girls. If drug policies can aspire to a certain level of efficiency they have to tune in some way with the informal norms of their consumers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89512,"journal":{"name":"Trastornos adictivos","volume":"13 3","pages":"Pages 91-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70019-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56642769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Comorbilidad psiquiátrica en adolescentes consumidores de cannabis 青少年大麻使用者的精神共病

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70023-X

B. Gonzalvo, C. Barral, L. Grau-López, O. Esteve, C. Roncero

引用次数: 7

Consumo de cannabis, adolescencia y suicidio 大麻使用、青少年和自杀

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70025-3

J.M. Martínez-Ortega

引用次数: 0

Consumo de cannabis, juventud y género 大麻使用、青年和性别

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70018-6

L.F. Callado, A. Verdejo-García

引用次数: 1

Respuestas 答案

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-07-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70027-7

引用次数: 0

Análisis del deseo sexual en una muestra de drogodependientes en periodo de abstinencia 对戒断期吸毒者样本的性欲分析

Trastornos adictivos Pub Date : 2011-04-01 Epub Date: 2012-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70013-7

A. Rojas-García , J.C. Sierra

{"title":"Análisis del deseo sexual en una muestra de drogodependientes en periodo de abstinencia","authors":"A. Rojas-García , J.C. Sierra","doi":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70013-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70013-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>. The purpose of this work was to analyse which variables influence sexual desire in a drug abusers sample during periods of abstinence. The objectives were: a) to compare levels of sexual desire among subjects with a history of drug abuse and subjects without a history of drug abuse; b) to determine the relation between age and having sexual partner or not in subjects with a history of drug abuse; c) to examine the relation among anxiety and depression and sexual desire in subjects with a history of drug abuse; d) to determine which variables predict sexual desire in subjects with a history of drug abuse.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>. Research was with a sample of 100 men (aged 19 to 72) who belong to drug addiction treatment programs. Furthermore, there was another sample of 46 men (aged 18 to 81) without a history of drug abuse.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>. The analysis did not show differences among the groups (alcohol, cocaine, heroin plus cocaine and subjects without a history of drug abuse) in dyadic sexual desire (<em>F</em><sup>3,125</sup> =0.71, <em>p</em> =0.543) and solitary sexual desire (<em>F</em><sup>3,125</sup> =0.73, <em>p</em> =0.535). However, the variables of anxiety state and age showed predictive capacity for dyadic sexual desire in subjects with a history of drug abuse.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>. In sexual desire there is no difference between subjects without a history of drug abuse and drug addicts during periods of abstinence. In subjects with a history of drug abuse there is a negative relationship between anxiety state and down levels of dyadic sexual desire, and a negative relation between age in conjunction with anxiety state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89512,"journal":{"name":"Trastornos adictivos","volume":"13 2","pages":"Pages 64-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1575-0973(11)70013-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56642660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1