Journal of clinical research & bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Abortion and Ethics","authors":"S. Badruddin","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000291","url":null,"abstract":"Abortion is a serious issue and ethical dilemma [1], there is a debate going on whether abortion should be legalized or not. Women of every social class or creed seek termination of pregnancy for various reasons such as financial instability, pregnancy as a result of rape or incest, when fetus have congenital abnormality such as congenital heart defects, orofacial clefts, down syndrome, neural tube defects [2], when the continuation of pregnancy have harmful effects on mother or when mother is suffering from diseases like hepatitis [3]. Sometimes a mother goes for abortion without even paying attention to future consequences, and if abortion is not legalized then the women utilizes the unsafe services provided by the quacks [2]. Hence, there are many devastating effects of illegalization of abortion. Most of the people in our society use abortion as their family planning method which gives opponent a point to illegalize the abortion.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000291","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemical and Histopathological Inflections in Hepato-renal Tissues of Streptozotocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Male Rats: Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Administration","authors":"S. Rai, Y. A. Hajam, M. Basheer, H. Ghosh","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000290","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of exogenous melatonin (MEL) on hepato-renal tissue in a diabetic rat model. \u0000Methodology: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to establish diabetic rat model. Diabetes was confirmed by monitoring the blood glucose level, animals having glucose level above 250 mg/dl were considered as diabetic and were divided into six different groups. Model control group, diabetic group, melatonin treatment to diabetic rats, melatonin per se group, glibenclamide (a standard hypoglycemic drug) treatment to diabetic rats and glibenclamide (standard control) alone respectively. The model control was given 0.5 ml (0.1 M) citrate buffer, experiment was conducted for one month. After the completion of experiment, rats were sacrificed. Blood was collected and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain the serum. Serum was kept at -800c for further analysis of liver and renal function tests and lipid profile. Liver and kidney tissues were weighed, fixed in Bouin’s fixative for histopathological studies. Further tissues were processed for Lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). \u0000Major findings: Administration of MEL to STZ induced diabetic rat showed a significant decrease of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in kidney and liver tissue comparable to the control and GLIBEN group of rats. In addition MEL prevented the decrease in antioxidative enzyme parameters viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) of hepato-renal tissues. Parameters of liver functions (alanine amino transaminase (ALT), aspartate amino transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and renal function (urea, uric acid and creatinine) were noted restored following MEL treatment. MEL administration further maintained the normal levels of lipid profiles i.e., triglyceride, cholesterol, low and high density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) to that of the control group of rats. Histological architecture of liver and kidney tissues were noted repaired and rescued as judged by cellularity of hepatocytes and renal cells. \u0000Conclusion: The present finding strongly indicates the protective effect of exogenous melatonin for hepato-renal tissues form the damages and impairment observed and noted in the experimentally induced STZ male rat model.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Complexity of Life Donor Renal Transplantation: The Role and Effectiveness of Multidisciplinary Approach in the Medical Route and Psychological Operation","authors":"D. Galletta, I. Lauria, Tommaso Longobardi, A.M. Mastrola, V. Suarato, G. Loiarro, F. Micanti, M. Confuorto","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000289","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the scientific literature, it was found that renal transplantation has profound psychological, existential, emotional, relational and social implications, both for the receiving patient for the donor. Consequently, it is necessary to study and to assessment the mental aspects of both patients, based on a thorough analysis of the psychic and personological profile, adopting a multidisciplinary approach in order to avoid issues not properly evaluated and analyzed, they can affect the success of the transplant, and/or they can lead to psychological distress and mental suffering for the patient. At the same time, it assumes a role of fundamental importance the evaluation of the quantity and quality of the family and social support system, in which the patient is inserted. This allows to investigate both how the family environment plays a supporting role in material terms and emotional for the candidate, both to observe the patterns of communication between the various family members. This paper documents the importance of providing and program, for a better post-transplant rehabilitation and for the obvious risks of psychopathology, the development of interdisciplinary interventions, one of the social and health and basic psychotherapeutic tasks, without which the next adaptation after transplantation may be difficult and which significantly impacted the quality of life for all involved.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000289","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lyme Disease: A Bioethical Morass","authors":"N. Jariwala, Erum N Ilyas, H. Allen","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000288","url":null,"abstract":"“Primum non nocere”, “first do no harm” is a medical dictum based in antiquity. Yet, in nearly everything related to \u0000 Lyme disease, it seems almost entirely disregarded. How ethical is it that we follow the guidelines of the CDC \u0000 regarding diagnosis when those guidelines require erythema migrans that is clearly recognizable only in one (“bulls-eye \u0000 rash”) of its multiple presentations? Further, how ethical is it that we are held to guidelines regarding a positive \u0000 serology that is positive (at best) only 40% of the time? \u0000Another questionable ethical situation is the use of a bacteriostatic antibiotic that barely meets the MIC for Borrelia burgdorferi in its ordinarily prescribed regimen. It is also dependent on compliance which is a huge issue \u0000 because of the gastrointestinal side effects. This antibiotic may clear the rash, but seemingly does little to prevent \u0000 late findings of the disease. The sub lethal antibiotic dose can be important in the subsequent development of \u0000 biofilms that lead to a chronic disease state. \u0000Lastly, how ethical is it that we have nearly abandoned our patient advocacy and permitted the insurance \u0000 companies to dictate allowable treatment? And, in as much as Borrelia organisms were found in the brains of \u0000 Alzheimer’s disease patients over 25 yrs ago and those spirochetes have recently been shown to produce biofilms, \u0000 how ethical is it that we ignore research underpinning the pathogenesis of this disease? \u0000The intent of this work is to discuss how all aspects of Lyme disease (LD) are bioethically challenged. We include \u0000 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the discussion because Lyme spirochetes have been found in, and cultured from, the \u0000 brains of AD. This makes LD, in its presentation as AD, the equivalent of tertiary neurosyphilis with the only \u0000 difference being a different spirochete.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Training in the Middle East: Expertsâ Viewpoint on Current Status vs. Future Trends","authors":"MenatAlla A Fayed, Wafaa Ramadan, Faris Al-Omran, Ali Alakhtar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000287","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In the middle-east, the number of health-care professionals is rising exponentially. This poses a real challenge to initial and continuing medical education (CME). Our aim is to seek the expert’s view in the field of simulation training to assess the current status and future trends of SBT in the medical field. \u0000Methods: By conducting a standardized survey, the current SBT activities within the GCC were reviewed by experts. They were asked to forward this survey to individuals judged to be ‘experts’ in the field. It included a total of 10 questions including 7 MCQs and 3 open questions. \u0000Results: Response rate was 21/28 (78%). The majority found the variety of courses too low/a little low 15/21(71%). 18/21 (85.7%) found the volume of courses too low/a little low. None believed the number of SBT instructors was adequate 0/21(0%). 15/21 (71%) believed SBT infrastructure was too low/a little low. Regarding SBT distribution, the central and western regions ranked 1st and 2nd in numbers of courses. Regarding private SBT providers, 19 respondents believed the private sector should enter this market. Two thirds of the participants commented about governmental promotion of SBT and 12/21 (57%) commented about SBT’s status and its future. \u0000Conclusion: Simulation based education is still at its infancy with a huge potential for national and international growth. The number and variety of courses should increase to meet educational demands.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Error became Sword for Innocent Eyes: On Shadow of Negligence","authors":"Santosh Kumar, Shumaila Batool","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000285","url":null,"abstract":"Medical error is serious health problem among the healthcare organizations but major drawback is that errors are not disclosed, and remains hidden. It is necessary to maintain the standards of practice, information and error to be disclosed to reasonable person and if it is not so it is against the professional practice, and authority have to feel physician guilty for negligent disclosure. This commentary article is a scholarly examination of the ethical issue confronted in the health care setting, based on the case study of little girl who lost her life due to medical error but the parents were not informed about it and everyone did negligence, and case was not reported to higher authorities.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rights of Vulnerable People: Trembled in Health Care Setting","authors":"Shumaila Batool, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000284","url":null,"abstract":"Informed consent is obtained from a person undergoing any treatment and from surrogates if the person is not able to consent or is incompetent. In some cases where a person is incompetent and is unable to make consent then in such situations family decisions sometimes override individual’s rights to autonomy, dignity and health care. This commentary article is based on a case study of a mentally retarded person whose family decided on his behalf for his organ donation to his brother. The aim of this paper is to critically review such cases, and attempts to provide an ethically sound decision in the identical cases.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70309483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euthanasia: A Challenge to Medical Ethics","authors":"R. Nunes, G. Rêgo","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000282","url":null,"abstract":"For many decades the euthanasia debate is particularly controversial in modern societies. Indeed, in the northern European tradition, as well as in countries of Anglo-American influence, euthanasia, physician-assisted suicide and other end-of-life decisions are an important source of social debate. It is well known that in many circumstances, medical decision-making often contributes to hasten the death of a particular patient and different societies have different understandings with regard to the specific role of health professionals in this setting. Moreover, death usually happens in the hospital, far away from family and friends, at an environment more prone to loneliness and abandonment. The rise of the hospice movement in the sixties and, more recently of palliative care as a new philosophical and practical approach to death and dying, is also a sign that this issue should be properly addressed as a major cultural transition. Indeed, as suggested by John Keown in his book Euthanasia, Ethics and Public Policy “whether the law should permit voluntary euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide is one of the most vital questions facing all modern societies” [1].","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2155-9627.1000282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70308690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging in the Holy Scripture: The Human Responsibility for the Elderly Grounded On Ontology and Bioethics","authors":"Iosif Tamaș, C. Tamaş, Anca Aginitei-Zbranca, V. Poroch","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000283","url":null,"abstract":"On September 28, 2014, the Holy Father Pope Francis, at the initiative of the Pontifical Council for the Family, participated in the day dedicated to the elderly. The meeting took place in “Saint Peter” market in Rome and was attended by tens of thousands of old people and grandparents with their families from many countries. Pope Benedict XVI emeritus being invited by Pope Francis also attended the meeting entitled “Blessing of a long life”. It was also supported the position of bioethics, called to contrast the poisonous culture of the “rebut” that’s been done a lot of harm to our world. The infants, the young (because they did not work), even the old claim to maintain a “balanced” economic system where not the person is to be found, but the money. We the Christians, together with all people of good will, are called to patiently build a different society: warm, human, inclusive, which does not need to throw the weak in body and mind, on the contrary, a society capable to measure its own “step” just according to the elderly. It is essential to pay attention to [...] more lonely and abandoned elderly. In this paper we follow the religious understanding of the old age in the light of The Holy Scripture (the long life and approaching death; the life experience and progress in wisdom; the old symbol of eternity), skin aging and the Church’s position on the issue of elderly care, and explain how this palliative responsibility is ontological and bioethical grounded for the elderly and not someone else’s interests.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70308926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nebulized 3% Hypertonic Saline on Intensive Care Unit Admission Rates of Infants with Moderate Acute Bronchiolitis","authors":"J. Flores-González, P. Rodríguez-Campoy, J. Perez-Guerrero, B. Serrano-Moyano, E. Palma-Zambrana, P. Comino-Vazquez, G. González, A. Lechuga-Sancho","doi":"10.4172/2155-9627.1000281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9627.1000281","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate whether the use of nebulized 3% hypertonic saline in infants hospitalized for acute bronchiolitis reduces their rate of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, the mean length of PICU stay and total hospital stay. \u0000Methods: Cross-sectional study including 626 infants hospitalized for moderate acute bronchiolitis comparing a group receiving nebulized 3% hypertonic saline (HS group) between September 2011 and May 2014 (n=320), with a historic control group treated with normal saline (NS group) between September 2007 and May 2010 (n=306) independently of the concomitant use of bronchodilators. \u0000Results: Overall hospital stay including days at PICU, was significantly reduced in HS group (4 days (0-46) vs 5 days (1-73); p<0.0001). However, we did not find a significant reduction in PICU admission rate in the HS group (p=0.115), neither in the length of stay (LOS) in PICU (5 days (1-30) vs 6 days (1-26); p=0.402). Half as many admission were observed in patients with risk factors of severe disease in HS group (6.5% of those with risk factors vs 3.1% of those without risk factors), although this failure to find a difference (p=0.136). \u0000Conclusions: Treatment with nebulized 3% hypertonic saline was not accompanied by a reduction in PICU admission. There was no difference in PICU length of stay in infants with acute bronchiolitis, and admission rates in infants with risk factors for serious bronchiolitis; it was also associated with a significantly shorter mean hospital stay.","PeriodicalId":89408,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research & bioethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70308586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}