{"title":"Phosphatidic acid: a new therapeutic lead to suppress hepatic glucose production.","authors":"Anil K Agarwal, Shireesha Sankella","doi":"10.2217/dmt.14.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.14.29","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"4 4","pages":"323-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.14.29","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34109434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joni L Strom Williams, Rebekah J Walker, Brittany L Smalls, Jennifer A Campbell, Leonard E Egede
{"title":"Effective interventions to improve medication adherence in Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.","authors":"Joni L Strom Williams, Rebekah J Walker, Brittany L Smalls, Jennifer A Campbell, Leonard E Egede","doi":"10.2217/dmt.13.62","DOIUrl":"10.2217/dmt.13.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>Medication adherence is associated with improved outcomes in diabetes. Interventions have been established to help improve medication adherence; however, the most effective interventions in patients with Type 2 diabetes remain unclear. The goal of this study was to distinguish whether interventions were effective and identify areas for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medline was searched for articles published between January 2000 and May 2013, and a reproducible strategy was used. Study eligibility criteria included interventions measuring medication adherence in adults with Type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty seven studies met the inclusion criteria and 13 showed a statistically significant change in medication adherence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heterogeneity of the study designs and measures of adherence made it difficult to identify effective interventions that improved medication adherence. Additionally, medication adherence may not be solely responsible for achieving glycemic control. Researchers must emphasize tailored interventions that optimize management and improve outcomes, and examine the need for clear indicators of medication adherence.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"4 1","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4157681/pdf/nihms617485.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32662140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan J Fante, Thomas W Gardner, Jeffrey M Sundstrom
{"title":"Current and future management of diabetic retinopathy: a personalized evidence-based approach.","authors":"Ryan J Fante, Thomas W Gardner, Jeffrey M Sundstrom","doi":"10.2217/dmt.13.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.13.50","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of new-onset blindness in working-age individuals in the USA and represents a growing worldwide epidemic. Classic risk factors for onset or progression of DR include poor glycemic control, hypertension and hyperlipidemia; however, these factors account for only a small proportion of the risk of DR. New systemic risk factors are emerging, which may allow for personalized risk profiling and targeted treatment by physicians. In addition, early studies of vitreous fluid in patients with DR have resulted in a new paradigm: diabetes causes inflammation in the retina, which is mediated by multiple small signaling molecules that induce angiogenesis and vascular permeability. Future treatment of DR may involve two approaches: early vitreous analysis, followed by drug treatment targeted to the unique vitreous composition of the patient; and collaboration between ophthalmologists and primary care providers to address the unique systemic risk profile of each diabetic patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"3 6","pages":"481-494"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.13.50","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32425931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inducing immune tolerance: a focus on Type 1 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Dan Xu, Suchitra Prasad, Stephen D Miller","doi":"10.2217/dmt.13.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.13.36","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tolerogenic strategies that specifically target diabetogenic immune cells in the absence of complications of immunosuppression are the desired treatment for the prevention or even reversal of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Antigen (Ag)-based therapies must not only suppress disease-initiating diabetogenic T cells that are already activated, but, more importantly, prevent activation of naive auto-Ag-specific T cells that may become autoreactive through epitope spreading as a result of Ag liberation from damaged islet cells. Therefore, identification of auto-Ags relevant to T1D initiation and progression is critical to the design of effective Ag-specific therapies. Animal models of T1D have been successfully employed to identify potential diabetogenic Ags, and have further facilitated translation of Ag-specific tolerance strategies into human clinical trials. In this review, we highlight important advances using animal models in Ag-specific T1D immunotherapies, and the application of the preclinical findings to human subjects. We provide an up-to-date overview of the strengths and weaknesses of various tolerance-inducing strategies, including infusion of soluble Ags/peptides by various routes of delivery, genetic vaccinations, cell- and inert particle-based tolerogenic approaches, and various other strategies that target distinct tolerance-inducing pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"3 5","pages":"415-426"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.13.36","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32097132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer K Raymond, Danny C Duke, Lisa Shimomaeda, Michael A Harris
{"title":"Looking forward to transition: perspectives on transition from pediatric to adult diabetes care.","authors":"Jennifer K Raymond, Danny C Duke, Lisa Shimomaeda, Michael A Harris","doi":"10.2217/dmt.13.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.13.27","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to prospectively investigate transition beliefs, knowledge and needs of pediatric patients with diabetes and their parents.</p><p><strong>Patients & methods: </strong>Parallel youth and parent questionnaires evaluating the transition process were distributed over a 6-month time period. Respondents included 123 pediatric patients with diabetes (11-19 years old) and their parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Few families had discussed the transition of diabetes care (∼25%). Most had not established a transition plan (∼90%). Youth and parents agreed that seeing the doctor alone, discussions about transition and transition itself should occur at 17-18 years of age.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Youth with diabetes and their parents are not prepared for transition to adult care. Transition discussions should begin at an earlier age. Additional research is needed to learn how and when to begin these discussions.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.13.27","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32021538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Viruses and Type 1 diabetes: a dynamic labile equilibrium.","authors":"Darius A Schneider, Matthias G von Herrath","doi":"10.2217/dmt.13.17","DOIUrl":"10.2217/dmt.13.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) results from the specific immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. In genetically susceptible individuals, a still undetermined initiating 'hit' triggers a cascade of events that eventually leads to autoreactive CD8 T cells infiltrating the pancreatic islets and, subsequently, destroying them. There is increasing evidence that viruses, especially enteroviruses, are major environmental candidates; however, despite decades of investigation, we still lack certainty with regard to the causation of T1D. Moreover, studies in animal models of diabetes suggest a protective role of certain enteroviral infections upon diabetes contraction, making the quest for viral involvement in T1D even more difficult. Analyzing the foundation and the results of the most current work in the field, this article gives a brief overview of current knowledge, as well as providing an outlook for future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"3 3","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3949992/pdf/nihms553502.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32179514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dissecting gene-environment contributions to Type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Braxton D Mitchell, Robert L Hanson","doi":"10.2217/dmt.12.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.12.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"2 5","pages":"375-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.12.47","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32456233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Personalized medicine in Type 2 diabetes: what does the future hold?","authors":"Richard W Grant, Deborah J Wexler","doi":"10.2217/dmt.12.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.12.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of patients with Type 2 diabetes is based on a remarkably robust evidence base. Large clinical trials and lengthy observational cohort studies have clearly established the importance of glycemic, blood pressure and lipid level control. Indeed, most elements of guideline-based diabetes care can be supported by clinical research evidence. While such studies are critical for establishing treatment recommendations, the evidence derived from clinical trial participants applies to populations of patients rather than to the individual sitting before the clinician. An important next step in diabetes care would be to develop and implement a framework for personalizing care. In this article, we highlight the major reasons for personalization and discuss what the future of personalized diabetes care may hold.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"2 3","pages":"199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.12.15","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31545232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Bergman, Martin Buysschaert, Peter Eh Schwarz, Ann Albright, Km Venkat Narayan, Derek Yach
{"title":"Diabetes prevention: global health policy and perspectives from the ground.","authors":"Michael Bergman, Martin Buysschaert, Peter Eh Schwarz, Ann Albright, Km Venkat Narayan, Derek Yach","doi":"10.2217/dmt.12.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2217/dmt.12.34","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes and other noncommunicable diseases are a growing public health challenge globally. An estimated 285 million people, corresponding to 6.4% of the world's adult population, has diabetes, which is expected to reach 552 million by the International Diabetes Federation in 2030. A much larger segment of the world's population, approximating 79 million individuals in the USA alone, has prediabetes. Globally, a relatively small percentage of those with diabetes or prediabetes are diagnosed with the potential for developing chronic complications. To address this epidemic, governments, in concert with the private sector, need to set policies that promote healthy nutritional and agricultural policies, favor modifications in the environment that encourage greater physical activity and make prevention affordable for all citizens at high risk. The public health sector has the charge of translating evidence-based findings into practical, accessible and cost-effective programs and monitoring the process to continuously improve prevention initiatives. The clinical sector has the formidable challenge of screening and identifying those at high risk and referring them to accredited intervention programs. There is a need to explore additional cost-effective interventions that are customized to meet individual needs that can be offered at the community and clinical levels. Thus, all three sectors, government, public health and clinical, each have a critical role in this process and by working in a partnership, ought to create the necessary synergies essential for making substantial forays in the prevention of Type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"2 4","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2217/dmt.12.34","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34146280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abigail E Wilkes, Kristine Bordenave, Lisa Vinci, Monica E Peek
{"title":"Addressing diabetes racial and ethnic disparities: lessons learned from quality improvement collaboratives.","authors":"Abigail E Wilkes, Kristine Bordenave, Lisa Vinci, Monica E Peek","doi":"10.2217/dmt.11.48","DOIUrl":"10.2217/dmt.11.48","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A review of national data confirms that while the quality of healthcare in the USA is slowly improving, disparities in diabetes prevalence, processes of care and outcomes for racial/ethnic minorities are not. Many quality measures can be addressed through system level interventions, referred to as quality improvement (QI), and QI collaboratives have been found to effectively improve processes of care for chronic conditions, including diabetes. However, the impact of QI collaboratives on the reduction of health disparities has been mixed. Lessons learned from previous QI collaboratives including the complexity of impacting clinical outcomes, the need for expert support for skills outside of QI methodology, limiting impact of poor data, and the need to develop disparities quality measures, can be used to inform future QI collaborative approaches to reduce diabetes racial/ethnic minority health disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":89355,"journal":{"name":"Diabetes management (London, England)","volume":"1 6","pages":"653-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3339626/pdf/nihms337482.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30597389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}