Biomedical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Trends of disability-adjusted life years for non-communicable diseases in the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia (2005-2021): Sex- and age-based analysis.","authors":"Norhafizah Karim, Rozita Hod, Muhammad Ikram A Wahab, Norfazilah Ahmad, Jamal Hisham Hashim, Mohd Firdaus Mohd Radi, Mohamad Fuad Mohamad Anuar, Mazrura Sahani, Mohd Talib Latif, Mohd Faiz Ibrahim, Yelmizaitun Osman, Rohaida Ismail","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2025.100918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the major silent contributors to mortality and morbidity globally. In Malaysia, 2.5% of adults live with up to four NCD. However, long-term trend analyses and state-specific data on the NCD burden remain limited. This study assessed the burden of disease (BoD) trend of selected NCD in two northern states in Peninsular Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This was a descriptive observational study. Mortality data for cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease (RD), and diabetes mellitus (DM) were obtained from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. Hospital admission data were obtained from the Ministry of Health Malaysia, covering 2005-2021 for the states of Kedah and Kelantan. The BoD was estimated using Global Burden of Disease study methodology, which included the estimation of years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY). The descriptive findings were presented as the total DALY, DALY %, and DALY per 100,000 population, and stratified by sex and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CVD and RD were notably increased in both states in Q4 (2017-2021). The CVD DALY % was highest in 2021 in Kelantan (14.4%) and in 2020 in Kedah (14.5%). The RD DALY % was highest in Kelantan in 2019 (6.2%) and in Kedah in 2020 (8.2%). The DM burden fluctuated over the years. The YLL component consistently exceeded the YLD for CVD and RD, while DM was YLD-driven. Males experienced a higher CVD and RD burden, while DM affected both sexes. The CVD and RD burden was highest in the elderly (>60 years), while DM affected the elderly and young adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CVD and RD DALY increased in Q4 in both states, whereas the DM burden fluctuated across the years. These results emphasize the pressing need for sex- and age-specific interventions to mitigate the long-term effects of NCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Blue Light-Filtering and Premium Intraocular Lenses on Postoperative Falls: A Nationwide Target Trial Emulation in Taiwan.","authors":"Jiahn-Shing Lee, Pei-Ru Li, Yi-Ling Hu, Ken-Kuo Lin, Lai-Chu See","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2025.100917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Falls are a leading cause of injury and premature death in older adults, and cataract surgery reduces fall risk. Concerns existed that blue-light filtering (BF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) might impair light transmittance and increase fall risk. We aimed to compare fall incidence and injury diagnoses among patients who received bilateral cataract surgery with premium BF, premium non-BF, and standard non-BF IOLs.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We emulated a target trial by enrolling 26,730 well-matched patients per IOL cohort who underwent bilateral cataract surgeries between 2011 and 2017 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. They were followed until a fall, death, withdrawal, or December 31, 2022. Propensity score matching minimized baseline differences across groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fall incidence increased over time, from 9.07 to 21.13 per 1,000 person-years. The premium BF-IOL (12.94) and premium non-BF-IOL (13.12) groups had lower fall rates than the standard non-BF-IOL group (14.85). Both Cox and Fine-Gray models showed significantly lower fall risks for premium BF-IOL (HR 0.86, SHR 0.92) and premium non-BF-IOL (HR 0.88, SHR 0.91) compared to standard IOLs. There was no significant difference in fall risk between premium BF-IOL and premium non-BF-IOL (HR/SHR 0.99). While hospitalization rates post-fall (68.6%) and 30-day fatal fall rate (1.29%) were comparable, standard IOLs were associated with significantly higher fracture rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no evidence that BF-IOLs increase fall incidence. Both premium IOL groups consistently had lower fall rates than standard non-BF-IOLs, suggesting that socioeconomic factors, in addition to IOL type, may contribute to this reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of the 4-hydroxynonenal-regulated JNK/c-Jun pathway improves bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.","authors":"Chen-Chi Liu, Jiun-Han Lin, Tien-Wei Hsu, Chien-Ying Wang, Han-Shui Hsu","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2025.100916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipid peroxidation and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) contribute to oxidative stress-related tissue damage, but their roles in pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. We examined their involvement in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Lung fibrosis model mice were used to assess collagen deposition, lipid peroxidation markers, and oxidative stress. Ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine (DFO) were administered to the mice. In vitro, murine lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells were treated with bleomycin, with or without lipid peroxidation inhibitors, and analyzed for oxidative stress and apoptosis. 4-HNE expression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung tissues was assessed using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bleomycin increased deposition of collagen and levels of 4-HNE and malondialdehyde levels while decreasing the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio. Fer-1 and DFO improved pulmonary function, reduced fibrosis, and restored the glutathione/glutathione disulfide ratio. In vitro, lipid peroxidation inhibition suppressed bleomycin-induced cell death and oxidative stress. Direct 4-HNE treatment induced apoptosis and lipid peroxidation, implicating 4-HNE in epithelial injury. 4-HNE upregulation was linked to increased transforming growth factor-β expression via c-Jun amino-terminal kinase/c-Jun signaling. Fer-1 and DFO mitigated these effects. Human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis tissues exhibited elevated 4-HNE, correlating with fibrosis severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lipid peroxidation and 4-HNE play key roles in pulmonary fibrosis progression. Their regulation of transforming growth factor-β expression suggests targeting lipid peroxidation as a potential therapeutic strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145273336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep deprivation affects pain sensitivity by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats via the HDAC2-NRF2 pathway","authors":"Shuhan Chen ,&nbsp;Yanle Xie ,&nbsp;Zenghui Liang ,&nbsp;Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Jingping Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Mao ,&nbsp;Fei Xing ,&nbsp;Xin Wei ,&nbsp;Zhongyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jianjun Yang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2024.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep is crucial for sustaining normal physiological functions, and sleep deprivation has been associated with increased pain sensitivity. The histone deacetylases (HDACs) are known to significantly regulate in regulating neuropathic pain, but their involvement in nociceptive hypersensitivity during sleep deprivation is still not fully understood. Utilizing a modified multi-platform water environment technique to establish a sleep deprivation model. We measured the expression levels of HDAC1/2 in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) through immunoblotting and real-time quantitative PCR. The presence of pyroptosis was determined using a TUNEL assay. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an HDAC inhibitor employed clinically, was injected into the peritoneal cavity to inhibit HDAC2 expression. Animal pain behaviors were evaluated by measuring paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) and paw withdrawal latencies (PWLs). Our findings indicate that sleep deprivation leads to increased nociceptive hypersensitivity, an upregulation of HDAC2 expression in the mPFC, a downregulation of the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and changes in markers of oxidative stress in rats. SAHA, the HDAC inhibitor, enhanced NRF2 expression by inhibiting HDAC2, which consequently ameliorated oxidative stress and mitigated nociceptive hypersensitivity in rats. The incidence of apoptosis was found to be higher in the mPFC tissues of sleep deprivation rats, and the intraperitoneal administration of SAHA decreased this apoptosis. The co-injection of SAHA and the NRF2 inhibitor ML385 into sleep deprivation rats negated the beneficial effects of SAHA. In conclusion, HDAC2 is implicated in the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis by suppressing NRF2 levels, thereby exacerbating nociceptive hypersensitivity in sleep deprivation rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating AI in cardiology: A scoping review of integration through clinical decision support systems for acute coronary syndrome","authors":"Shu-Hui Chen ,&nbsp;Chin-Chieh Wu ,&nbsp;Kuan-Fu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The integration of AI in diagnosing and managing ACS shows increasing promise, yet challenges remain in translating AI-CDSS into clinical practice. This study evaluates the advancements and limitations of AI for ACS over the past three years, purpose of understanding the scope, limitations, and potential of AI-CDSS in ACS.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review of recent literature, adhering to guidelines for systematic reviews. We applied QUADAS-2 and PROBAST tools for quality assessment, focusing on biases in study designs. Ten studies about AI-CDSS in ACS management underwent critical analysis, emphasizing the strength of their research methods and the thoroughness of their prospective validation to ensure theoretical integrity and practical reliability.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our research reveals that while discourse around AI-CDSS in ACS management intensifies, obstacles hinder efficacy in practical settings. These challenges include biases in tests and unrepresentative patient selection, pointing to the need for rigorous and inclusive samples. The lack of sufficient external and prospective validation in studies also raises concerns clinical utility of AI-CDSS. The result is the gap between the potential benefits of AI-CDSS and the actual impact of improving diagnostic accuracy and outcomes for ACS limitations identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While AI-CDSS shows promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and workflows in ACS, this study highlights the imperative to enhance model validation, including prospective validation, and address lingering diagnostic gaps. Improving study design and mitigating biases remain crucial for the acceptance and effectiveness of AI-CDSS in acute cardiac care settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143960712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a personalized chronotherapy of blood pressure","authors":"Germaine Cornelissen ,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Watanabe ,&nbsp;Larry A. Beaty ,&nbsp;Kuniaki Otsuka","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A consensus regarding the optimal time to administer anti-hypertensive medications has not been reached. Possible differential effects of different anti-hypertensive drugs on the circadian pattern of blood pressure (BP) and differential responses of individual patients receiving the same treatment at different times of the day may partly account for the controversy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) data available at 30-min intervals for 7 days from previous studies are reanalyzed to compare the effect of five drugs (amlodipine, atenolol, captopril retard, long-acting carteolol, and nilvadipine) taken 1.5 h after awakening or twice a day on the 24-h profile of BP from 7 to 13 conventionally diagnosed patients per treatment group. Similar data from 30 patients receiving losartan/hydrochlorothiazide for at least one month at each of six different times in relation to their time of awakening serve to compare the effect of treatment time in different patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Some but not all drugs affected the 24-h amplitude and/or phase of BP or the contribution of the 12-h harmonic term to modify the circadian waveform of BP. While evening dosing increased the 24-h amplitude of BP in some patients, other patients achieved such a desired effect with morning dosing.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Personalized optimization of treatment timing to best match a healthy circadian BP pattern is recommended, guided by chronobiological analyses of ABPM data collected over several days in view of the large day-to-day variability in all features of the 24-h BP rhythm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to enhance motor function in pediatric cerebral palsy: A comprehensive review","authors":"Chia-Ling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cerebral Palsy (CP) poses a substantial challenge to pediatric motor function, necessitating effective rehabilitative interventions. This review focuses on the potential of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) as a therapeutic approach for pediatric CP. The context and purpose are framed within the need for novel strategies to enhance motor function in affected children.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>The study scrutinizes existing literature to assess the efficacy of rTMS in pediatric CP. Methodological details, including stimulation protocols, are explored. Statistical tests employed in the reviewed studies are outlined, providing insight into the scientific rigor applied in evaluating rTMS outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The main findings from the literature review highlight the positive impact of rTMS on motor function and spasticity reduction in children with CP. The synergistic effects observed when combining rTMS with conventional therapies such as physical or occupational therapy and constraint-induced movement therapy are emphasized.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Evidences from literature review affirm that rTMS yields constructive outcomes, encompassing enhanced motor function and diminished spasticity, especially when combined with therapies like physical or occupational therapy, and constraint-induced movement therapy. Nevertheless, optimizing rTMS necessitates further fine-tuning of stimulation parameters. Ethical considerations and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial in pediatric settings, despite rare and typically benign side effects. Future research should focus on larger samples, stringent research designs, and long-term follow-ups to rTMS as an effective therapy for managing motor impediments in children with CP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating comprehensive genomic profiling in the management of oncology patients: Applications and challenges in Taiwan","authors":"Chen-Yang Huang ,&nbsp;Wen-Kuan Huang ,&nbsp;Kun-Yun Yeh ,&nbsp;John Wen-Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Yung-Chang Lin ,&nbsp;Wen-Chi Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) refers to the detailed genomic analysis of cancers for oncology patients. With the rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, CGP has been widely applied to clinical practice and managing oncology patients. CGP can be performed on the tumor DNA and RNA, as well as non-tumor tissues (e.g., blood, pleural effusion, and ascites). In this article, we review the current evidence supporting the use of CGP in the management of oncology patients, both in real-world practice and the bridging to clinical trials. We also discuss the role of the molecular tumor board on the application of CGP in oncology patients. We provide an overview of the current scheme of CGP reimbursement in Taiwan and the precision oncology branch of the National Biobank Consortium of Taiwan. Finally, we discuss about the potential barriers and challenges of applying CGP in managing oncology patients and the future perspectives of CGP in precision oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100851"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking mitochondrial dysfunction, hormonal decline, and aging to cancer development","authors":"Yu-Hsiang Lin ,&nbsp;Kuo-Jen Lin ,&nbsp;Jau-Yuan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100887","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100887","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100887"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144616122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep, interrupted – when short nights take their toll","authors":"Aila Akosua Kattner","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sleep loss is increasingly recognized as a contributor to neuropathic pain, while diagnostic accuracy in thyroid carcinoma may be improved through refined assessment methods. In pediatric patients with cerebral palsy, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) shows promise as a therapeutic intervention. Chronotherapy of blood pressure demonstrates how aligning antihypertensive treatment with circadian patterns may enhance efficacy. Artificial intelligence–based clinical decision support systems offer potential in the management of acute coronary syndromes, although current limitations and risks require careful consideration. Advances in precision oncology include comprehensive genomic profiling and spatial omics, while large language models highlight both opportunities and challenges in healthcare applications. Finally, age-related hormonal changes in combination with mitochondrial dysfunction are discussed in the context of carcinogenesis, underscoring the complex links between aging, metabolism, and cancer development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":"48 5","pages":"Article 100915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}