{"title":"Vomocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages: from discovery to current understanding.","authors":"Chinaemerem U Onyishi","doi":"10.1016/j.bj.2025.100891","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The entry of pathogens into host cells is a critical and widely appreciated step in host-pathogen interactions. While significant progress has been made in understanding the various mechanisms by which microbes are taken up by host cells, an appreciation of exit strategies remains limited. Nearly two decades ago, in 2006, two independent groups observed the non-lytic expulsion of the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. neoformans from macrophages, a process also termed vomocytosis. Over the years, various host and pathogen factors have been implicated in modulating vomocytosis; however, a clear understanding of the triggers, the downstream signaling cascades driving expulsion, and the consequences of vomocytosis on pathogenesis remain elusive. In this review, I provide a historical account of vomocytosis in macrophages, summarize our current understanding of its mechanism, discuss its biological significance, and offer suggestions for future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8934,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical Journal","volume":" ","pages":"100891"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biomedical Journal","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bj.2025.100891","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The entry of pathogens into host cells is a critical and widely appreciated step in host-pathogen interactions. While significant progress has been made in understanding the various mechanisms by which microbes are taken up by host cells, an appreciation of exit strategies remains limited. Nearly two decades ago, in 2006, two independent groups observed the non-lytic expulsion of the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. neoformans from macrophages, a process also termed vomocytosis. Over the years, various host and pathogen factors have been implicated in modulating vomocytosis; however, a clear understanding of the triggers, the downstream signaling cascades driving expulsion, and the consequences of vomocytosis on pathogenesis remain elusive. In this review, I provide a historical account of vomocytosis in macrophages, summarize our current understanding of its mechanism, discuss its biological significance, and offer suggestions for future research directions.
期刊介绍：
Biomedical Journal publishes 6 peer-reviewed issues per year in all fields of clinical and biomedical sciences for an internationally diverse authorship. Unlike most open access journals, which are free to readers but not authors, Biomedical Journal does not charge for subscription, submission, processing or publication of manuscripts, nor for color reproduction of photographs.
Clinical studies, accounts of clinical trials, biomarker studies, and characterization of human pathogens are within the scope of the journal, as well as basic studies in model species such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus revealing the function of molecules, cells, and tissues relevant for human health. However, articles on other species can be published if they contribute to our understanding of basic mechanisms of biology.
A highly-cited international editorial board assures timely publication of manuscripts. Reviews on recent progress in biomedical sciences are commissioned by the editors.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
