{"title":"Hormones in Malaria Infection: Influence on Disease Severity, Host Physiology, and Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Aleena Das, Mrutyunjay Suar, K Sony Reddy","doi":"10.1042/BSR20240482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20240482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human malaria, caused by Plasmodium parasites, is a fatal disease that disrupts the host's physiological balance and affects the neuroendocrine system. This review explores how malaria influences and is influenced by hormones. Malaria activates the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal axis, leading to increased cortisol, aldosterone, and epinephrine. Cortisol, while reducing inflammation, aids parasite survival, whereas epinephrine helps manage hypoglycemia. The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Gonad and Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid axes are also impacted, resulting in lower sex and thyroid hormone levels. Malaria disrupts the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), causing higher angiotensin-II and aldosterone levels, contributing to edema, hyponatremia and hypertension. Malaria-induced anemia is exacerbated by increased hepcidin, which impairs iron absorption, reducing both iron availability for the parasite and red blood cell formation, despite elevated erythropoietin. Hypoglycemia is common due to decreased glucose production and hyperinsulinemia, although some cases show hyperglycemia due to stress hormones and inflammation. Hypocalcemia, and hypophosphatemia are associated with low Vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone but high calcitonin. Hormones such as DHEA, melatonin, PTH, Vitamin D3, hepcidin, progesterone, and erythropoietin protects against malaria. Furthermore, synthetic analogs, receptor agonists and antagonists or mimics of hormones like DHEA, melatonin, serotonin, PTH, vitamin D3, estrogen, progesterone, angiotensin, and somatostatin are being explored as potential antimalarial treatments or adjunct therapies. Additionally, hormones like leptin and PCT are being studied as probable markers of malaria infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Piera Tocci, Valentina Caprara, Celia Roman, Rosanna Sestito, Laura Rosanò, Anna Bagnato
{"title":"YAP signaling orchestrates the endothelin-1-guided invadopodia formation in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.","authors":"Piera Tocci, Valentina Caprara, Celia Roman, Rosanna Sestito, Laura Rosanò, Anna Bagnato","doi":"10.1042/BSR20241320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20241320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HG-SOC) is a notoriously challenging disease, characterized by a rapid peritoneal dissemination. HG-SOC cells leverage actin-rich membrane protrusions, known as invadopodia, to degrade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and invade, initiating the metastatic cascade. In HG-SOC, the endothelin-1 (ET-1)/endothelin A receptor (ETAR)-driven signaling coordinates invadopodia activity, however how this axis integrates pro-oncogenic signaling routes, as YAP-driven one, impacting on the invadopodia-mediated ECM degradation and metastatic progression, deserves a deeper investigation. Herein, we observed that downstream of the ET-1/ET-1R axis, the RhoC and Rac1 GTPases, acting as signaling intermediaries, promote the de-phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of YAP. Conversely, the treatment with the dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonist, macitentan, inhibits the ET-1-driven YAP activity. Similarly, RhoC silencing, or cell transfection with a dominant inactive form of Rac1, restore the YAP phosphorylated and inhibited state. Mechanistically, the ET-1R/YAP signal alliance coordinates invadopodia maturation into ECM-degrading structures, indicating how such ET-1R-guided protein network represents a route able to enhance the HG-SOC invasive potential. At functional level, we found that the interconnection between the ET-1R/RhoC and YAP signals is required for MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteolytic functions, cell invasion, and cytoskeleton architecture changes, supporting the HG-SOC metastatic strength. In HG-SOC patient-derived xenografts (PDX) macitentan, turning-off the invadopodia regulators RhoC/YAP, halt the metastatic colonization. ET-1R targeting, hindering the YAP activity, weakens the invadopodia machinery, embodying a promising therapeutic avenue to prevent peritoneal dissemination in HG-SOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xia Liu, Zhe Feng, Fenglian Zhang, Bo Wang, Zhijuan Wei, Nanqing Liao, Min Zhang, Jian Liang, Lisheng Wang
{"title":"Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota on Gout and Hyperuricemia: Insights from Genome-Wide Mendelian Randomization, RNA-Sequencing, 16S rRNA Sequencing, and Metabolomes.","authors":"Xia Liu, Zhe Feng, Fenglian Zhang, Bo Wang, Zhijuan Wei, Nanqing Liao, Min Zhang, Jian Liang, Lisheng Wang","doi":"10.1042/BSR20240595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20240595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the causal relationship between gut microbiota (GM), serum metabolome, and host transcriptome in the development of gout and hyperuricemia (HUA) using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data and HUA mouse model experiments.  Methods: Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of GWAS summary statistics was performed using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach to determine predict the causal role of the gut microbiota on gout. The HUA mouse model was used to characterize changes in the gut microbiome, host metabolome, and host kidney transcriptome by integrating cecal 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted serum metabolomics, and host mRNA sequencing.</p>  Results: Our analysis demonstrated causal effects of seven gut microbiota taxa on gout, including genera of Ruminococcus, Odoribacter, and Bacteroides. Thirty-eight, immune cell traits were associated with gout. Dysbiosis of Dubosiella, Lactobacillus,Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group genera were associated with changes in the serum metabolites and kidney transcriptome of the HUA model mice. The changes in the gut microbiome of the HUA model mice correlated significantly with alterations in the levels of serum metabolites such as taurodeoxycholic acid, phenylacetylglycine, vanylglycol, methyl hexadecanoic acid, carnosol, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, sphinganine, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, pyridoxamine, and de-o-methylsterigmatocystin, and expression of kidney genes such as CNDP2, SELENOP, TTR, CAR3, SLC12A3, SCD1, PIGR, CD74, MFSD4B5, and NAPSA.</p>  Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a causal relationship between GM, immune cells, and gout. HUA development involved alterations in the vitamin B6 metabolism because of gut microbiota dysbiosis that resulted in altered pyridoxamine and pyridoxal levels, dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism, and excessive inflammation.</p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah C Stainbrook, Lindsey N Aubuchon, Amanda Chen, Emily Johnson, Audrey Si, Laila Walton, Angela J Ahrendt, Daniela Strenkert, Joseph M Jez
{"title":"C4 grasses employ distinct strategies to acclimate rubisco activase to heat stress.","authors":"Sarah C Stainbrook, Lindsey N Aubuchon, Amanda Chen, Emily Johnson, Audrey Si, Laila Walton, Angela J Ahrendt, Daniela Strenkert, Joseph M Jez","doi":"10.1042/BSR20240353","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BSR20240353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising temperatures due to the current climate crisis will soon have devastating impacts on crop performance and resilience. In particular, CO2 assimilation is dramatically limited at high temperatures. CO2 assimilation is accomplished by rubisco, which is inhibited by the binding of inhibitory sugar phosphates to its active site. Plants therefore utilize the essential chaperone rubisco activase (RCA) to remove these inhibitors and enable continued CO2 fixation. However, RCA does not function at moderately high temperatures (42°C), resulting in impaired rubisco activity and reduced CO2 assimilation. We set out to understand temperature-dependent RCA regulation in four different C4 plants, with a focus on the crop plants maize (two cultivars) and sorghum, as well as the model grass Setaria viridis (setaria) using gas exchange measurements, which confirm that CO2 assimilation is limited by carboxylation in these organisms at high temperatures (42°C). All three species express distinct complements of RCA isoforms and each species alters the isoform and proteoform abundances in response to heat; however, the changes are species-specific. We also examine whether the heat-mediated inactivation of RCA is due to biochemical regulation rather than simple thermal denaturation. We reveal that biochemical regulation affects RCA function differently in different C4 species, and differences are apparent even between different cultivars of the same species. Our results suggest that each grass evolved different strategies to maintain RCA function during stress and we conclude that a successful engineering approach aimed at improving carbon capture in C4 grasses will need to accommodate these individual regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499382/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interaction with IP6K1 supports pyrophosphorylation of substrate proteins by the inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7.","authors":"Aisha Hamid, Jayashree S Ladke, Akruti Shah, Shubhra Ganguli, Monisita Pal, Arpita Singh, Rashna Bhandari","doi":"10.1042/BSR20240792","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BSR20240792","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are a sub-family of water soluble inositol phosphates that possess one or more diphosphate groups. PP-InsPs can transfer their β-phosphate group to a phosphorylated Ser residue to generate pyrophosphorylated Ser. This unique post-translational modification occurs on Ser residues that lie in acidic stretches within an intrinsically disordered protein sequence. Serine pyrophosphorylation is dependent on the presence of Mg2+ ions, but does not require an enzyme for catalysis. The mechanisms by which cells regulate PP-InsP-mediated pyrophosphorylation are still unknown. We performed mass spectrometry to identify interactors of IP6K1, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the PP-InsP 5-InsP7. Interestingly, IP6K1 interacted with several proteins that are known to undergo 5-InsP7-mediated pyrophosphorylation, including the nucleolar proteins NOLC1, TCOF and UBF1, and AP3B1, the β subunit of the AP3 adaptor protein complex. The IP6K1 interactome also included CK2, a protein kinase that phosphorylates Ser residues prior to pyrophosphorylation. We observe the formation of a protein complex between IP6K1, AP3B1, and the catalytic α-subunit of CK2, and show that disrupting IP6K1 binding to AP3B1 lowers its in vivo pyrophosphorylation. We propose that assembly of a substrate-CK2-IP6K complex would allow for coordinated pre-phosphorylation and pyrophosphorylation of the target serine residue, and provide a mechanism to regulate this enzyme-independent modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461180/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142124724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alena Morgan, Nivasini Shekhar, Veronika Strnadová, Zdenko Pirník, Eliška Haasová, Jan Kopecký, Andrea Pačesová, Blanka Železná, Jaroslav Kuneš, Kristina Bardová, Lenka Maletínská
{"title":"Deficiency of GPR10 and NPFFR2 receptors leads to sex-specific prediabetic syndrome and late-onset obesity in mice.","authors":"Alena Morgan, Nivasini Shekhar, Veronika Strnadová, Zdenko Pirník, Eliška Haasová, Jan Kopecký, Andrea Pačesová, Blanka Železná, Jaroslav Kuneš, Kristina Bardová, Lenka Maletínská","doi":"10.1042/BSR20241103","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BSR20241103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GPR10 and neuropeptide FF receptor 2 (NPFFR2) play important role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Understanding the interaction between these receptors and their specific ligands, such as prolactin-releasing peptide, is essential for developing stable peptide analogs with potential for treating obesity. By breeding and characterizing double knockout (dKO) mice fed standard or high-fat diet (HFD), we provide insights into the metabolic regulation associated with the GPR10 and NPFFR2 deficiency. Both WT and dKO mice were subjected to behavioral tests and an oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) followed by indirect calorimetry were performed to characterize dKO mice. dKO mice of both sexes, when exposed to an HFD, showed reduced glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance compared with controls. Moreover, they displayed increased liver weight with worsened hepatic steatosis. Mice displayed significantly increased body weight, which was more pronounced in dKO males and caused by higher caloric intake on a standard diet, while dKO females displayed obesity characterized by increased white adipose tissue and enhanced hepatic lipid accumulation on an HFD. Moreover, dKO females exhibited anxiety-like behavior in the open field test. dKO mice on a standard diet had a lower respiratory quotient, with no significant changes in energy expenditure. These results provide insights into alterations associated with disrupted GPR10 and NPFFR2 signaling, contributing to the development of potential anti-obesity treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":"44 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11499387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142494158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron Barron, Jetro Tuulari, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Gerard W O'Keeffe, Cathal M McCarthy
{"title":"Simulated ischaemia/reperfusion impairs trophoblast function through divergent oxidative stress- and MMP-9-dependent mechanisms.","authors":"Aaron Barron, Jetro Tuulari, Linnea Karlsson, Hasse Karlsson, Gerard W O'Keeffe, Cathal M McCarthy","doi":"10.1042/BSR20240763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20240763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early-onset pre-eclampsia is believed to arise from defective placentation in the 1st trimester, leading to placental ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) and oxidative stress. However, our current understanding of the effects of I/R and oxidative stress on trophoblast function is ambiguous in part due to studies exposing trophoblasts to hypoxia instead of I/R, and which report conflicting results. Here we present a model of simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (SI/R) to recapitulate the pathophysiological events of early-onset PE, by exposing 1st trimester cytotrophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells to a simulated ischaemia buffer followed by reperfusion. We examined different ischaemia and reperfusion times and observed that 1h ischaemia and 24h reperfusion induced an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (p < 0.0001) and oxygen consumption rate (p < 0.01). SI/R-exposed trophoblast cells exhibited deficits in migration, proliferation and invasion (p < 0.01). While the deficits in migration and proliferation were rescued by antioxidants, suggesting a ROS-dependent mechanism, the loss of invasion was not affected by antioxidants, which suggests a divergent ROS-independent pathway. In line with this, we observed a decrease in MMP-9, the key regulatory enzyme necessary for trophoblast invasion (p < 0.01), which was similarly unaffected by antioxidants, and pharmacological inhibition of MMP-9 replicated the phenotype of deficient invasion (p < 0.01). Collectively, these data demonstrate that I/R impairs trophoblast migration and proliferation via a ROS-dependent mechanism, and invasion via a ROS-independent loss of MMP-9, disambiguating the role of oxidative stress and providing insights into the response of trophoblasts to I/R in the context of early-onset PE.</p>","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expression of Concern: C1QTNF6 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo.","authors":"","doi":"10.1042/BSR-2020-1541_EOC","DOIUrl":"10.1042/BSR-2020-1541_EOC","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8926,"journal":{"name":"Bioscience Reports","volume":"44 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11522954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}