{"title":"GABAergic Interneuron Dysfunction in Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A New Role for the Transcription Factor MEF2C in Regulating Parvalbumin Interneuron Survival and Function","authors":"Jyoti Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":"96 10","pages":"Pages e19-e20"},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaxin Li, Yao Zhou, Fangyuan Yin, Yanfeng Du, Jiancheng Xu, Shuyuan Fan, Ziyi Li, Xiaojie Wang, Qingfeng Shen, Yongsheng Zhu, Tengfei Ma
{"title":"The Orbitofrontal Cortex to Striatal Cholinergic Interneuron Circuit Controls Cognitive Flexibility Shaping Alcohol-Seeking Behavior.","authors":"Jiaxin Li, Yao Zhou, Fangyuan Yin, Yanfeng Du, Jiancheng Xu, Shuyuan Fan, Ziyi Li, Xiaojie Wang, Qingfeng Shen, Yongsheng Zhu, Tengfei Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A top-down neuronal circuit from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) appears to be critical for cognitive flexibility. However, how OFC projections to different types of neurons in the DMS control cognitive flexibility and contribute to substance seeking and use, which are relatively inflexible behaviors, remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mice were trained on 2-bottle choice and operant alcohol self-administration procedures. The cognitive flexibility of the mice was tested through a place discrimination task. Electrophysiology and in vivo optogenetics were used to test the function of neural circuits in alcohol-seeking behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We depicted a connection from the OFC to striatal neurons and found that OFC afferents could elicit functional flexibility in striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs). A mouse model of chronic alcohol consumption showed impaired cognitive flexibility and reduced burst-pause firing. The impairment of the OFC-DMS circuit resulted in a reduction in glutamatergic transmission in OFC medium spiny neurons (MSNs) through a CIN-mediated preinhibition mechanism. Importantly, remodeling the OFC-DMS circuit by inducing long-term potentiation restored cognitive flexibility. Furthermore, CINs were responsible for the impact of remodeling of the OFC-DMS circuit on cognitive flexibility. This regulatory role of CINs preferentially facilitated the potentiation of glutamatergic transmission in D<sub>2</sub> receptor-expressing MSNs, but not in D<sub>1</sub> receptor-expressing MSNs. Finally, activation of the OFC-CIN-D<sub>2</sub> receptor-expressing MSN circuit decreased alcohol-seeking behavior.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Improving OFC-CIN circuit-mediated cognitive flexibility may provide a novel strategy for treating uncontrolled alcohol-seeking behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas S Riis, Daniel A Feldman, Sarah S Kwon, Lily C Vonesh, Vincent Koppelmans, Jefferson R Brown, Daniela Solzbacher, Jan Kubanek, Brian J Mickey
{"title":"Noninvasive Modulation of the Subcallosal Cingulate and Depression With Focused Ultrasonic Waves.","authors":"Thomas S Riis, Daniel A Feldman, Sarah S Kwon, Lily C Vonesh, Vincent Koppelmans, Jefferson R Brown, Daniela Solzbacher, Jan Kubanek, Brian J Mickey","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Severe forms of depression have been linked to excessive subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) activity. Stimulation of the SCC with surgically implanted electrodes can alleviate depression, but current noninvasive techniques cannot directly and selectively modulate deep targets. We developed a new noninvasive neuromodulation approach that can deliver low-intensity focused ultrasonic waves to the SCC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-two individuals with treatment-resistant depression participated in a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study. Ultrasonic stimulation was delivered to the bilateral SCC during concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging to quantify target engagement. Mood state was measured with the Sadness subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule before and after 40 minutes of real or sham SCC stimulation. Change in depression severity was measured with the 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at 24 hours and 7 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a target-specific decrease in SCC activity during stimulation (p = .028, n = 16). In 7 of 16 participants, SCC neuromodulation was detectable at the individual participant level with a single 10-minute scan (p < .05, small-volume correction). Mood and depression scores improved more with real than with sham stimulation. In the per-protocol sample (n = 19), real stimulation was superior to sham for 6-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores at 24 hours and for Sadness scores (both p < .05, d > 1). Nonsignificant trends were found in the intent-to-treat sample.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This small pilot study indicates that ultrasonic stimulation modulates SCC activity and can rapidly reduce depressive symptoms. The capability to noninvasively and selectively target deep brain areas creates new possibilities for the future development of circuit-directed therapeutics and for the analysis of deep-brain circuit function in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pantelis Antonoudiou, Eric Teboul, Kenneth A Amaya, Bradly T Stone, Kaitlyn E Dorst, Jamie L Maguire
{"title":"Biased Information Routing Through the Basolateral Amygdala, Altered Valence Processing, and Impaired Affective States Associated With Psychiatric Illnesses.","authors":"Pantelis Antonoudiou, Eric Teboul, Kenneth A Amaya, Bradly T Stone, Kaitlyn E Dorst, Jamie L Maguire","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accumulating evidence supports a role for altered circuit function in impaired valence processing and altered affective states as a core feature of psychiatric illnesses. We review the circuit mechanisms underlying normal valence processing and highlight evidence supporting altered function of the basolateral amygdala, valence processing, and affective states across psychiatric illnesses. The mechanisms controlling network activity that governs valence processing are reviewed in the context of potential pathophysiological mechanisms mediating circuit dysfunction and impaired valence processing in psychiatric illnesses. Finally, we review emerging data demonstrating experience-dependent, biased information routing through the basolateral amygdala promoting negative valence processing and discuss the potential relevance to impaired affective states and psychiatric illnesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of Allostatic Load With Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yifan Gou, Shiqiang Cheng, Meijuan Kang, Ruixue Zhou, Chen Liu, Jingni Hui, Ye Liu, Bingyi Wang, Panxing Shi, Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allostatic load (AL) is an objective measure of the biological components of chronic stress in clinical practice, which potentially influence depression, anxiety, and suicide. In this study, we investigated the association between AL and these mental disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cohort study of 333,017 adults, participants without previous diagnoses of depression, anxiety, or suicide were observed from March 13, 2006, to October 31, 2022. AL was estimated using 10 biomarkers that reflect metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory dysregulation. Diagnoses were based on ICD-10. We performed Cox proportional hazard models to assess the relationship between AL and these mental disorders. We also conducted subgroup analyses for sex, age, and Townsend Deprivation Index, as well as sensitivity analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up period was 13 years. Over the follow-up period, 13,441 (4.04%) participants developed depression, 13,903 (4.17%) developed anxiety, and 796 (0.24%) committed suicide. In the fully adjusted model, individuals with high AL had an increased risk of depression (hazard ratio = 1.389, p = 8.38 × 10<sup>-27</sup>), anxiety (hazard ratio = 1.304, p = 5.82 ×10<sup>-19</sup>), and suicide (hazard ratio = 1.433, p = 4.46 ×10<sup>-3</sup>). Women and younger individuals with high AL were vulnerable to depression and anxiety, while moderate AL levels were significantly associated with suicide in men and younger participants. Moreover, individuals with middle and high AL had an elevated risk of comorbid depression and anxiety.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High AL is positively associated with increased risks of depression, anxiety, and suicide, highlighting its potential as a predictive tool in mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick D Worhunsky, Marcella M Mignosa, Jean-Dominique Gallezot, Brian Pittman, Nabeel B Nabulsi, Adam Stryjewski, Laya Jalilian-Khave, Richard Trinko, Ralph J DiLeone, Richard E Carson, Robert T Malison, Marc N Potenza, Gustavo A Angarita
{"title":"Vitamin D's Capacity to Increase Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in Healthy Humans: A Clinical Translational [<sup>11</sup>C]-PHNO Positron Emission Tomography Study.","authors":"Patrick D Worhunsky, Marcella M Mignosa, Jean-Dominique Gallezot, Brian Pittman, Nabeel B Nabulsi, Adam Stryjewski, Laya Jalilian-Khave, Richard Trinko, Ralph J DiLeone, Richard E Carson, Robert T Malison, Marc N Potenza, Gustavo A Angarita","doi":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dopaminergic tone and phasic release have transdiagnostic relevance. Preclinical research suggests that the active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, increases subcortical tyrosine hydroxylase, D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptors, and amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in rodents. Comparable studies have not been conducted in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy, vitamin D-sufficient adults (N = 18, 32.8 ± 6.6 years; 33% female) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled within-subjects study involving 4 total scans over 2 visits consisting of same-day preamphetamine and postamphetamine (0.3 mg/kg) [<sup>11</sup>C]-PHNO positron emission tomography scanning to examine D<sub>2</sub>/D<sub>3</sub> receptor availability (nondisplaceable binding potential [BP<sub>ND</sub>]) following active calcitriol (1.5 μg night before experimental day and 1.5 μg morning of experimental day) or placebo at least 6 days apart. Parametric images of [<sup>11</sup>C]-PHNO positron emission tomography BP<sub>ND</sub> were computed using a simplified reference tissue model with the cerebellum as reference. Blood samples were acquired to measure serum calcitriol, amphetamine, and calcium levels. Regions of interest examined were the dorsal caudate, dorsal putamen, ventral striatum, globus pallidus, and substantia nigra.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For preamphetamine scans, there was a medication × region of interest interaction (F<sub>4,153</sub> = 2.59, p = .039) and a main effect of medication (F<sub>1,153</sub> = 4.88, p = .029) on BP<sub>ND</sub>, with higher BP<sub>ND</sub> values on calcitriol in the ventral striatum (t<sub>153</sub> = 2.89, p = .004) and dorsal putamen (t<sub>153</sub> = 2.15, p = .033). There was a main effect of medication on postamphetamine change in BP<sub>ND</sub> (F<sub>4,153</sub> = 5.93, p = .016), with greater decreases in calcitriol in the ventral striatum (t<sub>153</sub> = 3.00, p = .003), substantia nigra (t<sub>153</sub> = 2.49, p = .014), and dorsal caudate (t<sub>153</sub> = 2.29, p = .023).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results provide translational support for vitamin D to target dopaminergic tone, with implications for clinical disorders that involve dysregulated dopamine function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8918,"journal":{"name":"Biological Psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142457152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}