Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur最新文献

{"title":"Pathogenesis of a (itRocha (a) infection) infections","authors":"C. Dehio","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83528-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83528-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>a</em> spp. are spp. are emerging pathogens uniquely adapted to colonize the human host, notably by invasion of red blood cells or by colonization of endothelial cells, which may result in the formation of vasoproliferative tumours. Recent work has begun to elucidate the cell and molecular biology of these uncommon host/parasite interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Pages 197-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83528-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55824856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planches pour l'identification des filaires","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83539-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83539-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Page 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83539-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136786359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paludisme. Manuel pour l'agent de santé communautaire","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83534-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83534-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Pages 259-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83534-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137089583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized controlled clinical trials of experimental vaccines","authors":"A.B. Naficy,&nbsp;J.D. Clemens,&nbsp;M.R. Rao","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83527-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83527-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate the clinical protection conferred by experimental vaccines and to provide further evidence of their safety are invariably demanded by regulatory agencies before these candidate vaccines can be licensed and introduced into routine public health practice. This review addresses the design of such trials.</p></div><div><p>Avant d'autoriser la prise de licence et la mise sur le marché des vaccins, les pouvoirs publics demandent de plus en plus d'essais cliniques en double-aveugle randomisés pour évaluer le degré de protection conféré par ces vaccins expérimentaux et pour assurer une meilleure garantie de leur innocuité. Pour satisfaire aux critères scientifiques rigoureux imposés par ces organes, les enquêteurs doivent prêter une grande attention aux nombreux aspects de la conception de tels essais.</p><p>L'étude des objectifs et les plans des bilans doivent être établis avant le démarrage des essais et comprendre: l'exposé détaillé (définitions incluses) des caractéristiques de la population cible, la composition du vaccin, le mode d'administration, la substance témoin, la durée du suivi post-vaccinal et les résultats à évaluer. La définition de l'infection cible doit être très précise, étant donné que toute diminution de la précision peut entraîner une sousestimation de la mesure finale de la protection vaccinale. Il doit être décidé si la protection vaccinale est à mesurer d'après les conditions idéales assurant la performance vaccinale (efficacité idéale) ou d'après les conditions que l'on s'attend à rencontrer sur le terrain (efficacité réelle). La taille des échantillons doit être suffisante pour permettre la détection du plus petit degré de protection vaccinale ayant un intérêt clinique. Le consentement informé doit être obtenu de tous les participants à l'étude. Le même critère d'admission doit être appliqué à tous les participants, et l'attention doit se porter sur les limites de l'admission, étant donné que la possibilité de généraliser les résultats de l'étude sera restreinte de façon analogue. A côté du groupe désigné pour la vaccination, au moins un groupe de comparaison doit être désigné pour recevoir la substance témoin. La désignation pour la vaccination ou pour la substance témoin doit être faite selon un procédé formel de randomisation, et ce procédé doit être indépendant du mode de recrutement et du mode de vérification de l'admission. Afin de prévenir les biais des mesures de la protection vaccinale pouvant résulter de la connaissance de la désignation des substances de l'étude, l'identité de toutes les substances désignées doit être ignorée des enquêteurs et des participants à l'étude. En l'absence de stratégie en double-aveugle, des alternatives doivent être adoptées pour éviter de tels biais.</p><p>Après l'administration des substances d'étude, l'échantillon d'étude doit être placé sous surveillance continue par rapport à la maladie cible, aux effets indésirables, aux ≪pe","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Pages 187-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83527-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55824809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody-based therapies for infectious diseases : renaissance for an abandoned arsenal?","authors":"A. Casadevall ,&nbsp;D.L. Goldman ,&nbsp;M. Feldmesser","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83532-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83532-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibody-based therapies were largely abandoned with the advent of antimicrobial chemotherapy but now are the subject of increasing interest. Two developments contributing to a renaissance in antibody-based therapies are advances in the technology of antibody production and the difficulties involved in treating infections with conventional chemotherapy.</p></div><div><p>Les thérapies basées sur les anticorps (TBAs) ont été utilisées avec succès au début du 20^e siècle mais elles ont été quasiment abandonnées après l'avènement de la chimiothérapie antimicrobienne. Les progrès dans la technologie de la production des anticorps et les difficultés entraînées par la chimiothérapie conventionnelle pour de nombreuses infections sont les deux processus qui contribuent à la renaissance des TBAs. Les cas pour lesquels les thérapies existantes ne sont pas très efficaces telles certaines infections virales, les infections opportunistes et les microorganismes résistants aux médicaments, représentent des domaines d'opportunité pour le développement des TBAs. Par rapport à la chimiothérapie antimicrobienne standard, les TBAs ont des avantages et des inconvénients importants qui sont fonctions des caractéristiques des anticorps.</p><p>Ces dernières années, un effort important a été mené pour le développement des TBAs pour le traitement des infections par le VIH et le VRS (virus respiratoire syncitial), des infections opportunistes, et du choc endotoxinique. Ces recherches ont été couronnées de succès à des degrés variables mettant en valeur à la fois l'espoir suscité par les TBAs et les difficultés rencontrées pour développer leur usage clinique. Étant donné que la plupart des TBAs sont spécifiques d'un agent pathogène, chaque cas nécessite des recherches cliniques et pré-cliniques importantes. Bien qu'il soit difficile de généraliser sans réserve sur l'emploi final, l'efficacité et le succès de la plupart des TBAs, plusieurs réussites récentes donnent des raisons d'être optimistes. En particulier, l'expérience de la TBA pour le VRS illustre comment des efforts continus peuvent aboutir à développer cette forme de thérapie dans le cas d'une ≪infection-difficile-à-traiter≫. Désormais, le domaine de la recherche sur les anticorps se trouve dans une période de renaissance qui pourrait se traduire, dans les années à venir, par de nombreuses nouvelles TBAs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Pages 247-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83532-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sommaire/contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83540-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83540-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Page I"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83540-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137089377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voyages internationaux et santé. Vaccinations exigées et conseils d'hygiène (situation au 1r j janvier 1997)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83535-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83535-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 4","pages":"Page 260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)83535-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137089584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethics of directly observed therapy for the control of infectious diseases","authors":"J.D.H. Porter,&nbsp;J.A. Ogden","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81366-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81366-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Interventions for infectious disease control, like directly observed therapy (DOT), embody the imbalance of power and capacity between the public health profession and the infected person, and lead to a moral debate over public health and civil liberties. The four ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice provide a basis for a rigorous consideration and resolution of this ethical dilemma. This paper descibes the ethical debate around the use of DOT for infectious disease control, using tuberculosis as an example.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 3","pages":"Pages 117-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81366-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55824036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IFNgR1, a human mycobacterial susceptibility candidate gene","authors":"F. Altare ,&nbsp;E. Jouanguy ,&nbsp;M. Newport ,&nbsp;S. Lamhamedi ,&nbsp;A. Fischer ,&nbsp;M. Levin ,&nbsp;J.-L. Casanova","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81368-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81368-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human interferon γ receptor ligand binding chain (IFNγR1) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Affected children show severe, profound and apparently selective susceptibility to weakly pathogenic mycobacteria, such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. This article reviews the evidence supporting a causative relationship between the genotype (<em>IFNgR1</em> mutations) and the phenotype (mycobacterial infections) of these children.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 3","pages":"Pages 143-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81368-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55824069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infections","authors":"L.F. Xi,&nbsp;L.A. Koutsky","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81370-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81370-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) are major aetiologic agents of cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis and anus. Although genital HPV infections are extremely common in both male and female populations, only a very small minority is at risk for developing a genital cancer. As with other sexually transmitted infections, the highest rates of genital HPV infection are found in individuals in their early twenties. Detectable HPV DNA is often transient. Cancer-associated HPV types persist a relatively longer time than other types do. The major risk factors for HPV infection involve sexual behaviour, particularly multiple sex partners. Factors including cigarette smoking, oral contraceptive use and pregnancy do not appear to play much of a role in the acquisition of HPV infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"95 3","pages":"Pages 161-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)81370-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55824158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}