Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur最新文献

{"title":"","authors":"C. de Bièvre","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86020-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86020-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 3","pages":"Pages 251-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86020-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les sous-populations de lymphocytes Th1 et Th2: caractérisation, rôle physiologique et régulation","authors":"C. Sedlik","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The immune system encountering an antigen can develop cell- and/or antibody-mediated immune responses. Accessory cells uptake the antigen, degrade it into peptides and present them in association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T lymphocytes. The interactions between T-cell receptor and antigen-MHC complex and between various adhesion or costimulatory molecules lead to the activation of CD4⁺ helper T cells or of CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells. Activated CD4⁺ T cells modulate other immune responses by directly interacting with macrophages, B lymphocytes and CD8⁺ T cells or by soluble mediators, such as cytokines.</p><p>Among murine CD4⁺ T cells, two main subsets, Th1 and Th2, were identified based on the pattern of secreted cytokines and on the preferential help for some Ig isotypes. Th1 and Th2 subsets are involved in different immune functions and reciprocally regulate each other. A similar dichotomy was also described for CD8⁺ T cells. The differential activation of the Th1 or Th2 subset is a crucial parameter implicated in the protective or pathologic outcome of many infectious diseases caused by parasites, bacteria and viruses, of allergic disorders and of autoimmune diseases. Many factors were demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of Th1 and Th2 cell subsets, such as the dose and form of antigen, the route of immunization, the adjuvants employed, the genetic background of the animals, the costimulatory molecules and the antigen-presenting cells. Cytokines also exert a critical role in the selective activation of these populations, with IL4 and IL12 being required, respectively, to induce Th2 and Th1 cell activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 3","pages":"Pages 173-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86016-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective interactions and protein polymorphism: from allosteric proteins to the prion","authors":"M. Goldberg","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86015-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86015-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 3","pages":"Pages 157-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86015-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of adhesion in pathogenicity of human uropathogenic and diarrhoeogenic Escherichia coli","authors":"M.-I. Garcia,&nbsp;C. Le Bouguénec","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86017-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86017-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Escherichia coli</em>, un agent pathogène important en bactériologie médicale, présente la particularité — par rapport à d'autres espèces pathogènes — d'être responsable de pathologies diverses. Ainsi, chez l'homme, cette espèce bactérienne est responsable d'infections intestinales et extraintestinales. Les souches de <em>E. coli</em> pathogènes se distinguent de celles de la flore intestinale normale par leur capacité de synthétiser des facteurs de pathogénicité, chaque pathotype de <em>E. coli</em> étant associé à l'expression de facteurs de pathogénicité qui lui sont spécifiques. Le pouvoir d'adhérer aux cellules épithéliales de l'hôte, propriété commune à tous les pathotypes de <em>E. coli</em>, est un facteur primordial de pathogénicité puisqu'il permet la colonisation des tissus de l'hôte et l'établissement du processus infectieux. Cette propriété est aussi importante pour la colonisation de muqueuses situées dans un espace stérile (voies urinaires) que pour celle de muqueuses soumises à un contact permanent avec les microorganismes de l'environnement (tractus intestinal).</p><p>La propriété d'adhérer aux cellules épithéliales est déterminée par la présence de structures adhésives localisées à la surface bactérienne. Ces structures adhésives peuvent présenter des morphologies très diverses. La plupart sont composées d'adhésines associées à des appendices rigides nommés fimbriae mais des adhésines afimbriales ont également été caractérisées. Au niveau génétique, les structures adhésives sont codées par un ensemble de gènes groupés en opérons. La biogenèse ainsi que la régulation de la synthèse de structures adhésives fimbriales et afimbriales suivent des voies communes.</p><p>L'avancée des recherches concernant les récepteurs cellulaires des adhésines a fait apparaître qu'en plus d'un rôle essentiel dans l'implantation de la bactérie au niveau des tissus cibles, les interactions entre les adhésines bactériennes et leurs récepteurs cellulaires spécifiques pourraient jouer un rôle important au cours des étapes ultérieures du processus infectieux.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 3","pages":"Pages 201-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86017-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"P. Sansonetti","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86019-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86019-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 3","pages":"Page 251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)86019-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90008029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Felix d'Herelle in Russia","authors":"D.P. Shrayer","doi":"10.1016/0020-2452(96)81737-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-2452(96)81737-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 2","pages":"Pages 91-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-2452(96)81737-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53104847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"P. Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/0020-2452(96)81743-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-2452(96)81743-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 2","pages":"Pages 152-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-2452(96)81743-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53104915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects for a vaccine against Chlamydia genital disease II. — Immunity and vaccine development","authors":"R.G. Rank ,&nbsp;P.M. Bavoil","doi":"10.1016/0020-2452(96)85300-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0020-2452(96)85300-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Based on available data, both published and unpublished, we propose the following model for the acquired immune response to chlamydial genital infection (fig. 1). Chlamydial EBs or chlamydial antigen through a yet undefined interaction with resident macrophages elicit the production of IL12 and TNFα which in turn recruit and activate NK cells to release IFNγ within the first few days of infection. The effect of IFNγ is two-fold: (1) it may serve to control the chlamydial infection until the acquired immune response is activated and (2) in conjunction with IL12, it effects the shift of the CD4 population to a Th1 dominant response which is required for the resolution of the infection. Since antibody to chlamydiae is produced, it would seem likely that some Th2 cells are also present which can provide help for the production of antibody, although because of the Oh1-dominant response, the main antibody produced is IgG_2a. Both antibody and CMI are required for resolution of the infection. It is hypothesized that antibody neutralizes chlamydial EBs, preventing infection or differentiation into reticulate bodies. Since some EBs most likely escape antibody and attain the intracellular environment, CMI acting via IFNγ produced by CD4 and CD8 cells would then be necessary to eliminate the organism or at least prevent replication of the organism. When individuals become reinfected, it is likely that antibody (both IgG and sIgA) in genital secretions is able to reduce the number of organisms by neutralization. The chlamydiae which avoid neutralization can go on to infect cells and may go through one or more cycles until O cells can be recruited to the area to elaborate their appropriate cytokines including IFNγ and once again control the infection. In the absence of reinfection, it is possible that when chlamydial antigen ceases to be produced by organisms in the persistent state, the immune cells will no longer be maintained in the local area. When they are gone, it is possible that the lack of IFNγ will cause the organisms to again begin replication and possibly elicit another inflammatory event. The level of the infection may be held in check by the presence of antibody in secretion.</p></div><div><p>Dans les infections génitales, la question de la défense immunitaire anti-Chlamydia peut se poser devant la fréquente persistance du microorganisme, de même que peut se poser la question de l'initiation des réponses immunitaires, humorales et cellulaires, en vue de la justification d'un vaccin. Les facteurs intervenant dans ces mécanismes sont analysés: l'immunopathologie, l'immunité de courte durée, la persistance, les influences hormonales, les facteurs génétiques, la variabilité antigénique, les infections multiples (sexuellement transmises). Les vaccins envisagés peuvent être à base de microorganismes entiers ou de composants: MOMP, Omp2, LPS, Hsp70 etc. La voie d'administration du vaccin peut également jouer un rôle. Enfin sont abordé","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 1","pages":"Pages 55-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0020-2452(96)85300-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53104937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cytokines in human B-cell differentiation into immunoglobulin-secreting cells","authors":"O. Garraud ,&nbsp;T.B. Nutman","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)87084-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)87084-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les lymphocytes B ont pour principale fonction de sécréter des immunoglobulines, ce qui représente une phase terminale d'une séquence de différenciation, qui se déroule dans des microenvironnements différents <em>in vivo</em>. Les lymphocytes B sont sélectionnés au sein d'un répertoire très vaste et sont spécifiques d'un seul antigène. L'affinité et l'isotype de l'anticorps produit en réponse à la stimulation par un antigène, en revanche, dépendent de la stimulation antigénique elle-même, mais aussi d'autres stimuli, principalement fournis par les cytokines. Lors de leur activation, les lymphocytes B font l'objet d'une série d'événements qui confèrent à la cellule B une réactivité à des signaux produits par les lymphocytes T activés. Lymphocytes B et T communiquent ainsi grâce à des tandems moléculaires du type récepteurs-ligands ou par l'action de cytokines pour lesquels les lymphocytes B activés expriment des récepteurs fonctionnels.</p><p>La production d'immunoglobulines (d'anticorps spécifiques) résulte de la mise en route de processus cellulaires et moléculaires complexes, objets de nombreuses régulations. <em>In vitro</em>, certains d'entre eux sont analysables; cela a permis d'apprécier des fonctions des cytokines et du tandem CD40/CD40L sur des lymphocytes B aussi différents que des cellules pré-B, des cellules B naïves, des cellules B préactivées etc.</p><p>L'objet de la présente revue est d'examiner certains de ces résultats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 4","pages":"Pages 285-309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)87084-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"P. Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)87086-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0020-2452(97)87086-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":89103,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin de l'Institut Pasteur","volume":"94 4","pages":"Pages 311-312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0020-2452(97)87086-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55825972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}