Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology最新文献

{"title":"In situ predator exposure creates some persistent anti-predator behaviours: insights from a common environment experiment","authors":"Katherine E. Moseby, Daniel T. Blumstein, Mike Letnic, Baillie Trenwith, Leanne K. Van der Weyde","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03491-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03491-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prey naiveté has been implicated in the global decline and reintroduction failure of many threatened species. A number of tools have been developed to combat prey naiveté including in situ predator exposure using live predators. However, determining the effectiveness and persistence of these interventions can be difficult, and requires comparisons of individual responses from predator-naïve and predator-trained populations. Even when this occurs, interpreting behavioural responses can be challenging because of the constraints of experimental design in large scale population manipulations. We used a common environment experiment and placed burrowing bettongs (<i>Bettongia lesueur</i>) from predator-free and predator-exposed populations together in an 8 ha fenced paddock. The predator-exposed population had been previously exposed to feral cats (<i>Felis catus</i>) under controlled wild conditions for up to six years and initial work suggested this exposure had led to physical and behavioural changes. Within our common environment experiment we compared a range of anti-predator behaviours including trap and feeding behaviour and response to predator scent and models. We found evidence for persistent trait changes up to 7 months, the latest time behaviours were tested, after bettongs were moved to the predator-free common environment and isolated from predators. These behaviours include reduced alarm rates, preference for open areas, and responses to predator scent and model stimuli. Additionally, high risk predator cues were more likely to elicit anti-predator responses than passive measures of anti-predator behaviour. Our design shows that predator exposure leads to persistent shifts in some, but not all, anti-predator behaviours. Identifying the proximate basis of anti-predator traits is important to develop successful tools to combat prey naiveté.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic ejaculate allocation in the mostly monandrous moth Lobesia botrana: female size, male size, and their interaction effects","authors":"Luis M. Torres-Vila","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03507-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03507-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experimental research and theoretical models question the Darwin-Bateman paradigm that male reproductive success is just limited by the number of mates. Males have evolved tactics to tailor ejaculates among their mates to maximise fitness. Males are expected to be choosy and to bias ejaculate investment depending on the perceived quality of females (cryptic male choice) and/or the reproductive social context. We investigated ejaculate allocation strategy in <i>Lobesia botrana</i>, a mostly monandrous moth, depending on male size, female size, and their interaction, the latter effect being usually overlooked in most studies. The explained variables were absolute ejaculate size (spermatophore volume) and relative ejaculate size (ejaculate size to lifetime ejaculate expenditure ratio). Absolute ejaculate allocation analysis showed that: (1) ejaculate expenditure increases with male size; (2) males tailor greater ejaculates to larger than smaller females; and (3) there was no interaction between male size and female size, so small and large males tailored equivalent increases in ejaculate volume per female weight unit. Quite differently, relative ejaculate allocation analysis showed that: (1) small males invest comparatively more than large males in females of similar size; and (2) there was an interaction between female size and male size, so small males invest comparatively more than large males when mated with large females. Results are discussed in the framework of strategic ejaculate allocation from an evolutionary perspective, as ecological variables, including the current climate change scenario, may promote coexistence in the field of quite different-sized adults in this moth species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effects of litter characteristics on reproduction in female cavies (Cavia aperea)","authors":"Sabine Kraus, Fritz Trillmich, Anja Guenther","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03508-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03508-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In mammals, birth mass is an important predictor of early growth and survival. Within litters, heavier siblings are usually able to outcompete smaller siblings and gain more resources, thereby often permanently shaping phenotypic development. Early body size and growth are particularly important for later fitness. Only few studies investigated if and how differences within the early family environment contribute to long-term variation in fitness among individuals. We quantified if initial differences in size translate to size differences in adulthood and whether birth mass, relative size within the litter, litter size or the litter sex-ratio affect maturation and reproductive output of female wild cavies (<i>Cavia aperea</i>). Initial differences in mass were maintained until animals reached maximum adult mass at two years of age. Heavier sisters matured earlier and invested more into their first litter than smaller sisters, presumably because smaller sisters invested more into their own growth during the first pregnancy. Growing up in mixed-sexed litters in comparison to female-only litters slowed down maturation in smaller but not the heaviest female within a litter and had no effect on female reproductive effort. Variation in reproduction of multiparous females was to a lesser extent explained by the initial relative size of siblings. Offspring survival to independence was high but slightly lower when mothers had been born as smaller sisters. Our results demonstrate that factors of the early family environment not only affect immediate offspring development but lead to long-term fitness consequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social interactions throughout life impair longevity and age-specific mating success in male parasitoids","authors":"Blandine Charrat, Dominique Allainé, Jean-François Lemaître, Nelly Burlet, Camille Mermet-Bouvier, Christophe Bressac, Isabelle Amat, Emmanuel Desouhant","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03506-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03506-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Social interactions among individuals within a species profoundly influence behavioural and life history traits, impacting fitness. While extensively studied in cooperative and eusocial species, the effects of social environment on fitness in non-social species, particularly insects, remain less explored. Our study investigates the impact of social environment, specifically male density, on fitness-related traits in the hymenopteran parasitoid <i>Venturia canescens</i>. The research focuses on longevity, reproductive behaviours (latency before mating, mating probability and duration), and offspring production capacity. Through a lifespan study, males were exposed to either isolation or regular encounters with conspecific males, alternating with periods of female presence or absence. Results show a trend of reduced longevity in socially exposed males and a significant decline in mating success with age in the social context. However, reproductive behaviours and offspring produced by males remain unaffected. This study sheds light on the intricate interplay between social environment, ageing, and reproductive strategies in non-social insect species, emphasizing the need for further exploration of social effects on male behaviour and notably potential influences of interactions between male and females but also between females.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Significance Statement</h3><p>Impacts of social interactions on individuals were largely explored in social species, but remain little studied in non-social ones. This study aims at testing the impact of male-male interactions before the encounter of a female (past social interactions) on male reproductive behaviours and longevity in a non-social parasitoid wasp. We show that longevity is negatively affected by the past social interactions in this wasp. Those interactions also impose a decline in male mating probability with age (senescence pattern) or mating experience (number of matings). Latency before mating, mating duration and offspring production are not influenced by social environment. On the other hand, offspring production increases with mating experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active facilitation of helper dispersal by parents and siblings in the cooperatively breeding acorn woodpecker","authors":"Natasha D. G. Hagemeyer, Walter D. Koenig, Eric L. Walters","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03505-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03505-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Offspring that delay dispersal in cooperatively breeding species have been hypothesized to gain direct fitness benefits via parental facilitation—being passively tolerated on their natal territory by their parents—thereby enjoying enhanced survival and increased probability of acquiring a breeding position in the population. Here we describe active facilitation in the acorn woodpecker (<i>Melanerpes formicivorus</i>) by parents and siblings assisting the dispersal of helpers in their social group. Helpers in this species compete for reproductive opportunities in “power struggles” that take place when all breeders of one sex die or disappear, creating a reproductive vacancy. Individuals compete at power struggles in coalitions of relatives, in which larger coalitions are more likely to be victorious. Based on observations of banded birds, we found that an estimated 26% of individuals competing as part of a winning coalition at a power struggle returned to their home territory at its conclusion, suggesting that they were facilitating the dispersal of kin (generally parents or siblings) that stayed to become breeders on the new territory. In at least one group, sibling facilitation was reciprocated; that is, a bird that was helped at a power struggle by a sibling joined that same sibling as part of a coalition at a subsequent power struggle. Dispersal facilitation is a novel means by which parents can nepotistically enhance the direct fitness of offspring and siblings can enhance each other’s inclusive fitness in this highly social species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Significance statement</h3><p>Parental facilitation—being passively tolerated on the natal territory—may provide significant direct fitness benefits to helpers in cooperatively breeding species. We describe active facilitation of helper dispersal in the acorn woodpecker, where helpers compete in coalitions for reproductive opportunities at “power struggles” following the death or disappearance of all breeders of one sex. About one-fourth of individuals—including both parents and siblings—competing at power struggles were apparently facilitators who assisted related helpers by participating in the power struggle but then returned to their home territory rather than stay to breed on the new territory. In at least one group, dispersal facilitation was reciprocated; that is, a bird that was helped at a power struggle by a relative later joined that same relative as part of a coalition at a subsequent power struggle. Active dispersal facilitation by parents and siblings is an important, previously unrecognized, form of nepotistic behavior in this highly social species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"373 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food abundance and group size influence the phenology of reproduction in communally breeding Octodon degus","authors":"M. Matchinske, S. Abades, L. A. Ebensperger, L. A. Correa, L. D. Hayes","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03504-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03504-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Socioecological conditions are expected to influence the timing, or phenology, of when adult females give birth to offspring. Females may time reproduction such that offspring are born to maximize the length of the period that offspring have to forage during the growing season. In communal breeders, females may alter reproductive phenology to maximize benefits of group-living through synchronizing reproduction and improve offspring survival. We used an 11-year dataset on a population of communally breeding degus (<i>Octodon degus</i>) to test whether the (i) reproductive phenology was influenced by the abundance of food, social conditions, and the degree of masculinization of females and (ii) reproductive synchrony was influenced by similar access to food and degree of masculinization among females and communal litter size, in multi-female groups. The phenology of litter parturition (parturition day) was negatively associated with the abundance of food at burrow systems during winter (but not during spring) and was negatively associated with the number of adult females per social unit in the spring. Synchrony of litter production within communal groups increased in years with less available food. Our study suggests that degu females timed reproduction based the socioecological conditions likely to be experienced by their dependent offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the development environment cause the pace of life to change in a rainforest lizard?","authors":"Kali M. Buchholz, Celine T. Goulet, Madeleine de Jong, Wesley Hart, John Llewelyn, Ben L. Phillips, David G. Chapple","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03502-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03502-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Life history theory emphasizes that finite resources result in allocation trade-offs among the competing interests of self-maintenance, growth, reproduction, and survival. Environmental conditions, particularly during development, can influence these life history trade-offs, leading to the coupling of physiological and behavioural traits with life history strategies. Thus, populations may vary in the pattern of trait covariation, clustering along a fast-slow continuum, termed the extended pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) theory. We aimed to test how variation in ecological conditions influence life history trade-offs and their association with behaviour and physiology by comparing captive bred and wild-collected southern rainforest sunskink (<i>Lampropholis similis</i>). The captive bred skinks were the offspring of the wild-caught skinks, and all tests were conducted in the laboratory. We found that the groups differed, on average, in growth rate, body condition, thermal preferences, sprint performance, and activity. Counter to our expectation, wild-caught skinks exhibited a faster pace of life relative to captive-bred skinks despite experiencing more challenging environmental conditions. Furthermore, life history trade-offs were not detected, nor were traits correlated to form the syndrome. Studies are needed to identify the proximate mechanisms causing life history trade-offs and how they lead to the coupling, or decoupling, of physiological and behavioural traits. Such information will provide vital insight into how ecological forces drive the evolution of traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141882364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-specific migration strategies and underlying physiology contribute to spring arrival protandry in a songbird","authors":"Julia Bojarinova, Irina Demina, Raisa Chetverikova, Olga Babushkina, Arseny Tsvey","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03499-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03499-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In spring, many migrating songbirds exhibit protandry (the phenomenon whereby males precede females in arrival at breeding sites). The reed bunting (<i>Emberiza schoeniclus</i>) is a short-distance European migrant which expresses a high degree of protandry and combines both nocturnal and diurnal movements during migrations. In experimental conditions, we studied the proximate mechanisms of protandry and compared locomotor behavior between spring and autumn migrations. We assumed that captive behavior is a proxy for the behavior that birds demonstrate in the wild. Combined, the analysis of seasonal patterns and circadian dynamics of locomotor activity suggested that male reed buntings depart from wintering grounds by daytime flights approximately two weeks earlier than females. Later, they develop nocturnal activity, take off shortly before dawn and continue their flight for several hours in the morning. We argue that such behavior allows males to benefit from both the advantage of nocturnal flight and an efficient start of foraging, thereby reducing the stopover duration (by minimizing search/settling costs) and increasing the total migration speed. In contrast, females express predominantly nocturnal migratory activity in spring. We observed that in spring males had lower fat reserves compared to females. We suggest that males can forage during diurnal movements and therefore do not need to store large energetic reserves. In contrast, in autumn, both sexes display similar patterns of locomotor activity and fat reserves. Overall, our results describe unique sex-specific migratory behaviour and physiology in reed buntings in spring, which, we assume, contribute to spring arrival protandry in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-dependent recognition and behavior against nest predators and brood parasites by Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus","authors":"Lorena Vanesa Sovrano, Rodrigo Ezequiel Lorenzón, Evelina Jesica León, Adolfo Héctor Beltzer, Alejandro Raúl Giraudo","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03498-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03498-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Brood parasitism and nest predation are among the main causes of breeding failures in passerine birds. Brood parasites threaten to the nest, while predatory birds threaten to both the nest and the parents. The objective of this study was to experimentally evaluate whether male and female Chestnut-capped Blackbirds, <i>Chrysomus ruficapillus</i>, recognize and respond to different nest threats during the breeding stages. For this purpose, we presented taxidermy models of a brood parasite, <i>Molothrus bonariensis</i>; a nest predator, <i>Caracara plancus</i>; and a non-predator species, <i>Colaptes campestris</i>, on the nest of <i>C. ruficapillus</i>. Additionally, we filmed nests without the display models to compare them with the nests exposed to taxidermy mounts. We assessed whether parents returned to the nest for each sex based on nest attention, visit frequency, and visit duration through the filming of a total of 44 nests. The parental return to the nest in the experimental trials varied between the sexes and breeding stages. During the incubation stage, males increased their nest attention and frequency of visits in the presence of the non-predator and brood parasite models. Females also increased their frequency of visits in the presence of the non-predator model in relation to the predator and brood parasite models. During the nestling stage, males extended the duration of their visits in the presence of the predator model compared to nests without the display model. Meanwhile, females showed no differences in their behavior during this stage. Overall, the Chestnut-capped Blackbirds parents demonstrated the ability to recognize the presented models and responded differently to different threats at different stages of the breeding cycle. The flexible responses they exhibited may be consistent with the `threat-sensitive predator avoidance´ hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141868308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal migratory patterns, habitat crossing and within-individual movement repeatability of Central Mediterranean European Rollers Coracias garrulus","authors":"Flavio Monti, Sebastian Cannarella, Davor Ćiković, Vesna Tutiš, Jelena Kralj, Carlo Catoni, Sanja Barišić","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03501-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03501-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Populations of long-distance migratory species may exhibit dissimilarities in the leeway of scheduled annual migration programs, the routes they follow and their convergence at ecological barriers. The aim of this study was to fill the current geographical gap, spanning over 1,100 km longitudinally between southern France and eastern Austria, in the pan-European assessment of the migration ecology of the European Roller <i>Coracias garrulus</i>, and contribute to completing the puzzle of spatio-temporal patterns of migration, stopover and wintering at the Western-Palearctic scale for this species. We utilized high-resolution GPS tracking data from adult Rollers breeding in Italy and Croatia, tracked on their intercontinental seasonal journeys between 2018 and 2022 and modelled the variation of migratory components both at individual and population levels. Rollers from the Central Mediterranean exhibited a clockwise spring migration loop, following a Central African migration route and wintering across a wide longitudinal belt spanning from Namibia to Mozambique. Northern savannah zones were used as long stopovers, both in autumn (Chad/Sudan) and spring (Central African Republic/Cameroon). The probability of movement was significantly higher during the night and in spring. Migration speed varied according to season (&gt; in spring) and the habitat crossed (sea &gt; desert &gt; rainforest &gt; savannah). Individuals tracked in successive years showed high consistency of key migratory parameters and partial winter home ranges overlap, in contrast with the large variability of migratory parameters at the population level. This work bridges the current geographical gap of Roller migration ecology at the European level and helps meet conservation needs at the scale of the species’ flyway, with new ecological information valuable for the implementation of International Single Species Action Plans (ISSAP) dedicated to the Roller.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Significance statement</h3><p>Tracking studies help to disentangle intraspecific variation in migratory strategies and wintering destinations among populations, as well as investigate individual-level decisions taken <i>en route</i> across seasonal journeys. By GPS tracking the intercontinental migration of adult Rollers we found that spatio-temporal components of migratory and flight strategy largely depend on extrinsic factors such as daytime, season and the habitat they traversed, and vary at population level. In contrast, within-individual consistency in migratory and wintering patterns emerged across years. Our findings emphasize the need for effective conservation strategies at the flyway scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141776459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}