Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology最新文献

{"title":"Familiarity mediated by body size predicts intraspecific aggression in farming damselfishes.","authors":"Catherine E Sheppard, Lisa Boström-Einarsson, Dan A Exton, Gareth J Williams, Sally A Keith","doi":"10.1007/s00265-025-03636-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-025-03636-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Aggressive territoriality can have significant benefits for resource acquisition yet is a costly behaviour. Selection should therefore favour mechanisms that allow individuals to modify their behaviour to maintain and defend their territory whilst minimising costs. One such mechanism between intraspecific territorial competitors is neighbour-stranger discrimination. The familiarity hypothesis suggests that territory holders will respond less aggressively to neighbours they recognise than to strangers they do not recognise. Conversely, in systems where neighbours pose a greater threat to territory loss than strangers, the threat-level hypothesis predicts that neighbours will elicit a greater aggressive response. We tested these opposing hypotheses in territorial farming damselfishes <i>Stegastes diencaeus</i> using a common bottle presentation experiment design to initiate aggressive responses by territory holders to neighbouring and non-neighbour individuals. Neighbours that were smaller in body size than the territory holder elicited the greatest aggressive response, whereas larger neighbours elicited the weakest. The aggressive response elicited by non-neighbours did not vary greatly with body size difference between the stimulus fish and territory holder. We demonstrate that aggressive response in territorial farming damselfishes is influenced by both familiarity and potential threat determined by body size. These findings add to the growing pool of evidence that an understanding of multiple factors is needed to identify the drivers of neighbour-stranger discrimination.</p><p><strong>Significance statement: </strong>Both familiarity and body size may mediate aggressive behaviour yet are not often included in the same study. Using manipulative field experiments, we investigated the interplay between familiarity and body size in shaping patterns of aggressive behaviour in farming damselfishes. We found that territory holders were less aggressive towards neighbours than non-neighbours, but only when they were larger than themselves. Our results showing an interaction between the effects of familiarity and body size on aggressive behaviour may hint at nuances in patterns of neighbour-stranger discrimination, such as dominance relationships.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-025-03636-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"79 9","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144940964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eurasian spoonbill chicks receive parental care up to several months after fledging, but not into migration.","authors":"Tamar Lok, Petra de Goeij, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Theunis Piersma, Wouter Vansteelant","doi":"10.1007/s00265-025-03649-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-025-03649-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite its potential role in affecting survival, habitat use and migration strategies of juvenile birds, post-fledging parental care is poorly studied, as it requires that families can be followed over large distances. Here we combine visual observations of colour-ringed chicks being fed after fledging with GPS-tracking and accelerometer-based behavioural classification of fledged chicks and their parent(s) to quantify post-fledging parental care in Eurasian spoonbills in relation to age of the chick and sex of the chick or parent. We show that the number of observed feedings and the amount of overall contact between chicks and parents, i.e. when chick and parent were < 10 m apart, strongly decreased with chick age. Chicks were observed being fed until 125 d old, always within 40 km of the natal colony. The amount of contact strongly varied among the 16 GPS-tagged chick-parent pairs, on average decreasing from 8% of contact time at 40 d old to < 2% at 90 d. The last contact occurred at chick ages of 44-136 d (median: 88 d). All contact occurred within 18 km of the natal colony except for the first outbound migratory flight of one chick-parent pair. Both mothers and fathers engaged in post-fledging care, with some evidence that mothers had slightly more contact with chicks than fathers, overall as well as while the chick was begging or foraging. In 10 out of 11 cases that both chick and parent embarked on autumn migration, they did not migrate together: post-fledging care ended on average one week before the adult's departure and four weeks before the chick's departure on autumn migration.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-025-03649-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"79 11","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12518400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145298302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal social networks are robust to changing association definitions.","authors":"Alex Hoi Hang Chan, Jamie Dunning, Kristina B Beck, Terry Burke, Heung Ying Janet Chik, Daniel Dunleavy, Tim Evans, André Ferreira, Babette Fourie, Simon C Griffith, Friederike Hillemann, Julia Schroeder","doi":"10.1007/s00265-025-03559-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-025-03559-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interconnecting links between individuals in an animal social network are often defined by discrete, directed behaviours, but where these are difficult to observe, a network link (edge) may instead be defined by individuals sharing a space at the same time, which can then be used to infer a social association. The method by which these associations are defined should be informed by the biological significance of edges, and therefore often vary between studies. Identifying an appropriate measure of association remains a challenge to behavioural ecologists. Here, we use automatically recorded feeder visit data from four bird systems to compare three methods to identify a social association: (1) strict time-window, (2) co-occurrence in a group, and (3) arrival-time. We tested the similarity of the resulting networks by comparing the repeatability and sensitivity of individuals' social traits (network degree, strength, betweenness). We found that networks constructed using different methods but applying similar, ecologically relevant definitions of associations based on individuals' spatio-temporal co-occurrence, showed similar characteristics. Our findings suggest that the different methods to construct animal social networks are comparable, but result in subtle differences driven by species biology and feeder design. We urge researchers to carefully evaluate the ecological context of their study systems when making methodological decisions. Specifically, researchers in ecology and evolution should carefully consider the biological relevance of an edge in animal social networks, and the implications of adopting different definitions.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-025-03559-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"79 2","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11802709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is provisioning rate of parents and helpers influenced by the simulated presence of novel individuals?","authors":"D'Amelio B Pietro, Carlson V Nora, Tognetti Arnaud, Sentís Marina, Silva R Liliana, Rybak Fanny, Covas Rita, Doutrelant Claire","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03548-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-024-03548-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cooperative behaviour is widespread in animals and is likely to be the result of multiple selective pressures. A contentious hypothesis is that helping enhances the probability of obtaining a sexual partner (i.e., confers direct benefits through sexual selection). Under this hypothesis, cooperative behaviours may have evolved into a signal. Consequently, we would expect individuals to enhance cooperation when a potential mate is present, to signal their status and quality. We evaluated this possibility in the cooperatively breeding sociable weaver (<i>Philetairus socius</i>). We simulated the presence of different types of individuals using a playback to test whether the simulated presence of an unknown individual, possibly a potential mate, increases provisioning rate in two classes of cooperating birds : breeders and helpers. If the signal is the provisioning rate in itself we expected increased feeding rates of male helpers during the simulated presence of an unknown female. Contrary to our predictions, the simulated presence in the audience of an unknown individual did not influence the nestling provisioning rate of birds of any sex and class. From these results, we conclude that in this species the variation in provisioning rate is unlikely to be used as a signal in a sexual selection context. However, we also highlight the limitations of our methods and suggest improvements that future studies should incorporate when testing audience effects on cooperation.</p><p><strong>Significance statement: </strong>Animals may cooperate to gain direct benefits, like attracting mates. This happens for example in humans. In species where cooperation leads to direct sexual benefits, when the appropriate audience is present, (i.e., a potential mate), helpers should enhance their cooperation. To determine whether helping to raise others' young varies according to who is watching, we used playbacks to simulate the presence of unknown individuals of opposite sex (potential mates) while helpers were feeding young. Helping, quantified here as number of times food was brought to the chicks over an hour, was not affected by the simulated audience. We concluded that in sociable weavers variation in provisioning rate is unlikely to be a signal to obtain direct sexual benefits.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-024-03548-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"79 1","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142999489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collective behavior diverges independently of the benthic-limnetic axis in stickleback.","authors":"Kevin M Neumann, Lucas Eckert, Damaris Miranda, Andrew Kemp, Alison M Bell","doi":"10.1007/s00265-025-03599-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-025-03599-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Comparing populations across replicate environments or habitat types can help us understand the role of ecology in evolutionary processes. If similar phenotypes are favored in similar environments, parallel evolution may occur. Collective behavior, including collective movement and social networks, can play a key role in the adaptation by animals to different environments. However, studies exploring the parallelism of collective behavior are limited, with research traditionally focusing on morphological traits. Here, we asked if collective behavior varies consistently across replicate populations of benthic and limnetic three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>). There were repeatable, population-level differences in collective behavior in a common garden experiment, with some populations forming groups that were more cohesive and with higher strength and clustering coefficients. However, these differences were not predicted by ecotype (benthic vs. limnetic). Latency to emerge and morphology did consistently differ between ecotypes, and there were no correlations between these traits and collective behavior. Together, these results suggest that collective behavior diverges, but not in a way that is associated with variation along the benthic-limnetic axis. By examining multiple traits, we show how phenotypic evolution can be occurring in parallel and non-parallel ways at the same time. This study further highlights that the classification of habitat types may only be relevant for certain traits, with collective behavior potentially changing in a more nuanced manner.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-025-03599-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"79 5","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12058956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociality does not predict signal complexity in response to playback in apteronotid weakly electric fishes.","authors":"Megan K Freiler, G Troy Smith","doi":"10.1007/s00265-025-03619-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-025-03619-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evolution of signal structure should be influenced by the social environment in which signals are sent and received. The \"social complexity hypothesis\" for communicative complexity postulates that individuals living in complex social groups require complex signals to communicate effectively. This hypothesis has been supported in many vocalizing animals. In other systems and modalities, however, relationships between sociality and signal complexity are less clear. Weakly electric knifefishes represent a novel model for investigating the relationship between signal structure and social structure. South American apteronotid knifefish continuously produce quasi-sinusoidal electric organ discharges (EODs) from their tail to communicate species, sex, and status. Fish also rapidly modulate EOD frequency to produce chirps, which coordinate agonistic and courtship interactions. Sociality and chirp structure vary extensively across apteronotids. Here, we quantified chirp complexity and variation in chirp structure across six species that vary in group size: three territorial species (<i>Apteronotus albifrons</i>, <i>Parapteronotus hasemani</i>, and <i>'Apteronotus' bonapartii</i>), two gregarious species (<i>Adontosternarchus devenanzii</i> and <i>Adontosternarchus balaenops</i>), and a semi-social species (<i>Apteronotus leptorhynchus</i>). Chirp complexity and variation in chirp structure differed substantially across species but were unrelated to sociality. Within the <i>Apteronotus</i> and <i>Adontosternarchus</i> species pairs, one species produced complex chirps, whereas the other produced relatively simple chirps. Thus, neither phylogenetic relatedness nor social structure explained variation in chirp structure or complexity in the species we examined.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00265-025-03619-y.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"79 7","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No sensitive period for the development of individual face learning in <i>polistes fuscatus</i> wasps.","authors":"Mason Collard, Juanita Pardo-Sanchez, Elizabeth A Tibbetts","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03527-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00265-024-03527-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social isolation often has lasting negative effects on social behavior, but less research has tested how the timing of isolation influences its effects. Some behaviors have a sensitive period where experience has particularly strong effects, while other behaviors are more flexible. Here, we test how the timing of social experience influences the development of individual face learning in <i>Polistes fuscatus</i> wasps. Individual face recognition is a key aspect of communication in wasps, so wasps reared in a typical environment are adept at individual face learning. We reared wasps in 5 treatments that differed in the timing and amount of social experience: 14 days isolation, 14 days nest, 7 days nest, 7 days nest then 7 days isolation, and 7 days isolation then 7 days nest. Then, we tested individual face learning. Experience with conspecifics improved individual face learning, but the timing of experience did not impact performance. Wasps reared in normal social environments were adept at learning and remembering faces, while isolated wasps were unable to learn and remember faces. Early isolation did not have a stronger effect than later isolation, indicating that there is no early sensitive period for face learning in paper wasps. Instead, paper wasps exhibit a high level of plasticity in the development of individual face learning. Overall, this work emphasizes the role of plasticity in the development of complex social recognition and offers insight into the conditions where evolution favors high plasticity over rigid sensitive periods in development.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"78 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juveniles of a biparental cichlid fish compensate lack of parental protection by improved shoaling performance","authors":"Maren Annika Zacke, Timo Thünken","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03517-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03517-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parental brood care greatly affects offspring’s fitness, but the specific effects of care on the collective behaviour of independent offspring are less well understood. It has been suggested that the loss of care induces increased sibling cooperation to compensate parental contributions. However, the empirical evidence is ambiguous. Here, we examined how the loss of early parental care affects the collective behaviour, i.e. shoaling performance of independent juveniles in a genetically heterogeneous lab-population of the biparental cichlid fish <i>Pelvicachromis pulcher</i>. Applying a split-clutch design, we reared in- and outbred offspring with or without parents. In the experiment, we examined shoal density (inter-individual distance) in relation to body size of the shoaling fish. Dense shoaling reduces predation risk and small fish may benefit strongest because they are particularly vulnerable to predation by gape-limited predators. Juveniles reared without parents formed denser shoals and they adjusted shoaling behaviour depending on own body size compared to juveniles reared with parents; especially smaller fish formed dense shoals. Inbreeding did not significantly affect shoaling performance. This indicates that juveniles compensate missing parental care by adjusting their shoaling behaviour depending on own vulnerability. Our study contributes to the understanding of the co-evolution of brood care and sibling cooperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A behavioral syndrome of competitiveness in a non-social rodent","authors":"Filippa Erixon, Jana A. Eccard, Rika Huneke, Melanie Dammhahn","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03510-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03510-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Animals compete for limited resources such as food, mating partners, and territory. The outcome of this intraspecific competition should be determined by individual variation in behavioral traits, such as aggressiveness and dominance status. Consistent among-individual differences in behavior likely contribute to competitiveness and predispose individuals to acquire specific dominance ranks during parts of their adult life. Nevertheless, how dominance rank is correlated with animal personality traits remains largely unclear. In a first step towards better understanding these functional links, we studied trait integration into behavioral syndromes, using 26 captive male bank voles (<i>Myodes glareolus</i>). We repeatedly assessed boldness in an emergence test, exploration in an open-field test, aggressiveness in staged dyadic encounters, and the among-individual correlations between these behaviors. We further related these personality traits to dominance rank, from quantifying urine marking value (UMV), as marking in bank voles is related to dominance rank. We found repeatable variations in boldness, exploration, aggressiveness, and UMV, which were correlated at the among-individual level. Aggressiveness tended to be negatively correlated with body condition, a proxy for fitness. Thus, key personality traits and social rank are functionally integrated into a behavioral syndrome of intraspecific competitiveness. By joining social and non-social aspects of personality, our findings contribute to the ecological validation of personality traits and suggest how they contribute to higher-order component traits, such as dominance which directly affect fitness components.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three yellow patches differently correlate with escape behaviour, morphological traits, leukocytes, parasites, and hormones in a lizard species","authors":"José Antonio de los Ríos-Solera, Rodrigo Megía-Palma, Alex Tarriza, Sara Blázquez-Castro, Rafael Barrientos, Isabel Barja","doi":"10.1007/s00265-024-03515-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03515-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiple within individual and non-redundant signals can convey complementary information about individual quality in lizards. This visual information is commonly provided by colour patches of different hues (red, yellow, blue). However, whether different within-individual colour patches of a single hue can contain non-redundant information remains understudied. To test this idea, we investigated the spectrophotometric reflectance of three colour patches in adult males of <i>Acanthodactylus erythrurus</i>, a lizard of the family Lacertidae that has colour patches that look similarly yellow to the human eye. We modelled the spectral variables of these patches using model averaging and cross-validation as a function of head volume and body length (proxies of resource allocation to somatic growth), escape behaviour (proxy of quality to cope with stress), body condition (proxy of nutritional state), leukocytic profiles (proxy of immune state), and faecal testosterone metabolites (proxy of reproductive state and aggression). The different relationships of the three “yellow” patches with the independent predictors analysed suggested that they can provide complementary information about the males’ quality in the context of the sexual selection theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":8881,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology","volume":"98 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142215058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}