巢穴特征对雌性穴居动物繁殖的长期影响

IF 1.9 2区 生物学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Sabine Kraus, Fritz Trillmich, Anja Guenther
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在哺乳动物中,出生体重是早期生长和存活的重要预测指标。在同窝中,体重较大的兄弟姐妹通常能够超越体重较小的兄弟姐妹,获得更多的资源,因此往往会永久性地影响表型的发展。早期的体型和生长对日后的适应能力尤为重要。只有极少数研究调查了早期家庭环境的差异是否以及如何导致个体间体能的长期差异。我们量化了初始体型差异是否会转化为成年后的体型差异,以及出生体重、窝内相对体型、窝产仔数或窝产仔性别比是否会影响雌性野生豚鼠(Cavia aperea)的成熟和繁殖能力。最初的体重差异一直维持到动物两岁达到最大成年体重。体型较大的雌性比体型较小的雌性成熟得更早,对第一胎的投入也更多,这可能是因为体型较小的雌性在第一次怀孕期间对自身的生长投入较多。与只有雌性的胎儿相比,在男女混群的胎儿中长大的胎儿会减缓较小雌性胎儿的成熟速度,但不会减缓胎儿中体重最大的雌性胎儿的成熟速度,而且对雌性胎儿的繁殖努力没有影响。多胎雌性繁殖力的差异在较小程度上可以用兄弟姐妹最初的相对大小来解释。后代的独立存活率很高,但当母亲出生时是较小的姐妹时,后代的独立存活率略低。我们的研究结果表明,早期家庭环境的因素不仅会影响后代的直接发育,还会导致长期的健康后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Long-term effects of litter characteristics on reproduction in female cavies (Cavia aperea)

Long-term effects of litter characteristics on reproduction in female cavies (Cavia aperea)

In mammals, birth mass is an important predictor of early growth and survival. Within litters, heavier siblings are usually able to outcompete smaller siblings and gain more resources, thereby often permanently shaping phenotypic development. Early body size and growth are particularly important for later fitness. Only few studies investigated if and how differences within the early family environment contribute to long-term variation in fitness among individuals. We quantified if initial differences in size translate to size differences in adulthood and whether birth mass, relative size within the litter, litter size or the litter sex-ratio affect maturation and reproductive output of female wild cavies (Cavia aperea). Initial differences in mass were maintained until animals reached maximum adult mass at two years of age. Heavier sisters matured earlier and invested more into their first litter than smaller sisters, presumably because smaller sisters invested more into their own growth during the first pregnancy. Growing up in mixed-sexed litters in comparison to female-only litters slowed down maturation in smaller but not the heaviest female within a litter and had no effect on female reproductive effort. Variation in reproduction of multiparous females was to a lesser extent explained by the initial relative size of siblings. Offspring survival to independence was high but slightly lower when mothers had been born as smaller sisters. Our results demonstrate that factors of the early family environment not only affect immediate offspring development but lead to long-term fitness consequences.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
8.70%
发文量
146
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The journal publishes reviews, original contributions and commentaries dealing with quantitative empirical and theoretical studies in the analysis of animal behavior at the level of the individual, group, population, community, and species.
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