Biological Control最新文献

{"title":"Flower strips enhance the abundance and biocontrol services of predatory arthropods in a pear orchard","authors":"Guodong Han ,&nbsp;Xingrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiping Cai ,&nbsp;Yunli Xiao ,&nbsp;Feng Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Habitat management, such as the planting of companion plants, enhances biodiversity and biological control in agricultural systems. Here, we focused on the abundance, spillover, and biocontrol abilities of predators in pear crops with companion flower strips. Companion plant <em>Cnidium monnieri</em> attracted four predator species: <em>Harmonia axyridis</em>, <em>Propylaea japonica</em>, <em>Chrysoperla sinica</em>, and <em>Episyrphus balteatus</em>. Predator abundance during the full bloom stage of <em>C. monnieri</em> was significantly higher than during the other stages. The predator <em>H. axyridis</em> present on flower strips migrated to pear trees at distances of 2–18 m from the flower strips. The predators inhabiting the pear tree migrated to the flower strips after pest control; approximately 28.89 % of the predators onflower strips originated from the pear trees. Exclusion cage tests quantitatively assessed predator-mediated biological control of pear psyllids and showed that the control effect decreased as the distance from the <em>C. monnieri</em> strips increased. The biocontrol services index was 2.24 times higher at a distance of 2 m from the <em>C. monnieri</em> strips than a distance of 18 m. Our results suggest that companion plant <em>C. monnieri</em> enhances the predatory natural enemy population and effectively suppress the pear psyllid population in pear orchards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"200 ","pages":"Article 105680"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143181272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasitoids of Agrilus spp. in Europe: Anticipating the arrival of Agrilus planipennis","authors":"Marc Kenis ,&nbsp;Michael Eisenring ,&nbsp;Martin M. Gossner ,&nbsp;M. Lukas Seehausen","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emerald ash borer (EAB), <em>Agrilus planipennis</em>, is a woodboring beetle native to East Asia. It is highly invasive in North America, where it causes large-scale dieback of American ash species, <em>Fraxinus</em> spp. EAB is also invasive in Western Russia and Ukraine, and it continues to spread towards Central and Western Europe where all three native ash species are susceptible. Biological control approaches offer sustainable solutions to control invasive pests. In North America, four Asian parasitoid species that have coevolved with EAB have been introduced to control the pest. In Europe, many species of the genus <em>Agrilus</em> occur, and it is likely that at least some of their parasitoids will adopt EAB as a host as it spreads across the continent. However, parasitoids of <em>Agrilus</em> spp., are very poorly known in Europe because of the difficulty of studying the parasitoid complex of these solitary wood boring insects. In this review, we provide a literature overview of studies and records of European parasitoids of <em>Agrilus</em> spp<em>.</em> to provide a basis for future studies on the emerging parasitoid complex of EAB in Europe. Parasitoid records were found for 24 European species of <em>Agrilus</em>. Sixty-four parasitoid species were recorded, mostly larval parasitoids. However, it is likely that several of them are erroneous host-parasitoid associations or misidentifications, and the biology of most species and their role in the population dynamics of their hosts has been poorly studied. It is recommended to conduct pre-emptive studies on these parasitoids and their suitability as potential biological control organisms with EAB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in characterizing trophic connections in biological control","authors":"Gabriele Rondoni ,&nbsp;Jana Collatz ,&nbsp;Mattias Jonsson ,&nbsp;Oskar Rennstam Rubbmark ,&nbsp;Eric W. Riddick ,&nbsp;Jason M. Schmidt ,&nbsp;Jacques Brodeur","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This Special Issue presents articles that combine traditional approaches, novel experimental methods, and advanced techniques, to provide a more in-depth understanding of trophic interactions in biological control. Studies mainly cover behavioural and chemical ecology, molecular ecology using PCR, qPCR and high-throughput sequencing, population genetics, automated deep learning image analysis and photo trapping. Through laboratory and field investigations, articles provide novel insights into host/prey specificity of natural enemies, their multitrophic interactions, and how they behave in space and time. Ultimately, results may be useful for the development of management strategies that aim to improve biocontrol effectiveness against native and invasive herbivorous insects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105656"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Trichoderma species to control Rosellinia necatrix, the etiological agent of white root rot","authors":"Shailesh S. Sawant ,&nbsp;Sarika R. Bhapkar ,&nbsp;Euddeum Choi ,&nbsp;Byulhana Lee ,&nbsp;Janghoon Song ,&nbsp;Young Sik Jo ,&nbsp;YoSup Park ,&nbsp;Ho-Jin Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105664","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105664","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White root rot, caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Dematophora necatrix</em> (syn. <em>Rosellinia necatrix</em>), poses a threat to crops worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. Biological control using antagonistic fungi, such as <em>Trichoderma</em> spp., has emerged as a promising alternative to chemical fungicides in fungal disease management. In this study, we investigated the potential of three <em>Trichoderma</em> species, <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> strain 40788 from the Korean Agriculture Culture Collection (KACC), <em>T. atroviride</em> (KACC 43393), and <em>T. asperellum</em> (KACC 43821), as biocontrol agents against four <em>R. necatrix</em> strains (KACC 40446, 40445, 40447, and 40168). Dual-culture assays revealed that <em>T. harzianum</em> (KACC 40788) and <em>T. atroviride</em> (KACC 43393) rapidly inhibited mycelial growth, achieving up to 80% suppression of strains KACC 40445 and KACC 40446, whereas <em>T. asperellum</em> (KACC 43821) exhibited lower inhibition. In volatile antibiotic production assays, volatile metabolites produced by <em>T. harzianum</em> (KACC 40788) and <em>T. atroviride</em> (KACC 43393) inhibited mycelial growth of <em>R. necatrix</em> strains KACC 40445 and KACC 40446 by 76.52 and 74.70%, respectively. Microscopic analysis of mycoparasitism revealed that <em>Trichoderma</em> strains adhered to, coiled around, and lysed <em>R. necatrix</em> mycelia. Finally, greenhouse trials demonstrated that <em>T. harzianum</em> and <em>T. atroviride</em> treatment significantly reduced white root rot incidence, with disease symptoms in only 15% of treated pear saplings, compared with 82% in untreated controls. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential of <em>T. harzianum</em> and <em>T. atroviride</em> as effective biocontrol agents against white root rot caused by <em>R. necatrix</em>, thereby providing sustainable and environmental-friendly disease management strategies in agricultural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of blue and UV light-emitted diodes (LEDs) on the disturbance of the whitefly natural enemies Macrolophus pygmaeus and Encarsia formosa","authors":"Maria Athanasiadou,&nbsp;Madita Schulz,&nbsp;Rainer Meyhöfer","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies demonstrated that blue and UV light effectively disturb greenhouse whiteflies (<em>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</em>) from a host plant (“push”), enhancing their capture on attractive traps after dispersal (“pull”). This push–pull technique could contribute to whitefly biocontrol and lead to the development of mass trapping. However, the impact of these wavelengths on the behavior of whitefly natural enemies, commonly deployed for biocontrol, remains underexplored. This study investigated the response of two important whitefly biocontrol agents, <em>Macrolophus pygmaeus</em> and <em>Encarsia formosa,</em> to blue and UV light. Initial experiments were conducted under artificial conditions (no prey/host and plant present) to isolate their visual behavior to these lights, excluding other stimuli. In follow up experiments, the effect of these lights was assessed in a more complex scenario, involving prey/host (whitefly nymphs) on tomato leaves. Results revealed that both <em>M. pygmaeus</em> and <em>E. formosa</em> exhibited avoidance behavior under blue and UV LEDs in the artificial setup, irrespective of ambient light or dark conditions. Contrastingly, in presence of prey/host on tomato leaves, only <em>M. pygmaeus</em> was significantly disturbed by UV light, whereas in all other scenarios there was little to no effect of blue and UV LEDs on the behavior of these natural enemies.. These findings enhance our understanding on the visual behavior of crucial biocontrol agents and highlight the importance of refining targeted whitefly control techniques that minimize impacts on beneficial insects and optimize the use of LEDs in integrated pest management (IPM).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105663"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional ecology of a predatory stink bug: A comparative analysis of nutrient acquisition from two prey species and an artificial diet","authors":"Jinge Yuan ,&nbsp;Jun Xu ,&nbsp;Wenting Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiao Liu ,&nbsp;Ling Luo ,&nbsp;Huai Liu ,&nbsp;Yaying Li","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nutritional content of prey plays a pivotal role in shaping the predatory behavior and effectiveness of natural pest control agents like <em>Eocanthecona furcellata</em>. We assessed the biological performance and life history of <em>E. furcellata</em> on three diets, larvae of <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>, larvae of <em>Tenebrio molitor</em>, and an artificial diet. We also analyzed their nutritional content and quantified consumption and nutritional intake by <em>E. furcellata</em>. The three diets differed substantially in water, protein, and fat content. The moisture content of <em>T. molitor</em> larvae was significantly lower (35.0 ± 0.3 %) than that of <em>S. frugiperda</em> larvae (61.0 ± 0.6 %) or the artificial diet (88.7 ± 0.1 %). Female <em>E. furcellata</em> obtained 8.3 mg of protein per day feeding on <em>S. frugiperda</em>, significantly more than on <em>T. molitor</em> (2.4 mg) or the artificial diet (0.4 mg). 15-day fecundity ranged from 140.2 (±9.3) eggs on <em>S. frugiperda</em>, to 103.3 (±4.8) eggs on <em>T. molitor</em>, and 75.1 (±7.1) eggs on the diet. Our study provides insights into the nutritional ecology of <em>E. furcellata</em> and ways to improve the breeding of this beneficial species for augmentation in agricultural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105662"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-target risk assessment of Cotesia typhae, a potential biological control agent of the Mediterranean corn borer","authors":"Taiadjana M. Fortuna,&nbsp;Loïc Colin-Duchevet,&nbsp;Yanna Desreumaux,&nbsp;Rémi Jeannette,&nbsp;Manuel Le Gonnidec,&nbsp;Bruno Le Ru,&nbsp;Romane Mettauer,&nbsp;Florence Mougel,&nbsp;Laure Kaiser","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biocontrol of exotic insect pests can be achieved by introducing natural enemies from the native range. This method has been successful in controlling many pests worldwide, but negative effects on local non-targets have sometimes occurred. Before the introduction of exotic macro-organisms useful for crop protection, a risk assessment is mandatory under EU regulations. In this study, we assessed the non-target risks of the larval parasitoid <em>Cotesia typhae</em> (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a potential agent for inundative biocontrol of the Mediterranean corn borer <em>Sesamia nonagrioides</em> (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), both natives to Sub-Saharan Africa. The effects of <em>C. typhae</em> on 8 non-target species was determined by sequential analysis under laboratory conditions, including tests of acceptance, development monitoring, olfactory attractiveness and <em>in planta</em> parasitism test. The results varied considerably between species. By multiplying the probability of outcome of the successive steps of the parasitism process, we estimated that non-target species had lower average risks of <em>C. typhae</em> development (1 % of non-target larvae at risk) and of induced mortality (5 %) compared to <em>S. nonagrioides</em> larvae (41 and 42 % respectively). The highest mortality risk <em>in planta</em> was observed for the cattail stemborer, <em>Nonagria typhae</em> (9 %), although it was still lower than for the target species (33 %). These host range results and the low survival capacity of the parasitoid at winter temperatures, suggest a low long-term environmental risk, which is supported by the estimation of the global risk index proposed by <span><span>van Lenteren et al. (2003)</span></span>. The host range and impact of <em>C. typhae</em> in field conditions will soon be determined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105657"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intestinal bacterium Bacillus siamensis M54 from Allomyrina dichotoma is a potential biocontrol agent against maize stalk rot","authors":"Yue Yuan ,&nbsp;Shijia Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Tan ,&nbsp;Jili Deng ,&nbsp;Shengjie Gong ,&nbsp;Xueling Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiangru Xu ,&nbsp;Changchun Ruan ,&nbsp;Ying Hu ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhao Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize stalk rot, caused by <em>Fusarium</em> spp., is a significant disease that adversely impacts the yield and quality of corn. Biological control plays a crucial role in managing numerous crop diseases, including maize stalk rot. Biocontrol agents are predominantly derived from soil and plant tissues, with limited reports on isolating highly efficient biocontrol agents from insects. In this study, 144 bacterial strains were isolated from the intestinal tract of third instar larvae of <em>Allomyrina dichotoma</em>. Through dual culture tests, twelve strains exhibiting strong antagonism against two maize stalk rot pathogens, <em>F. graminearum</em> and <em>F. verticillioides</em>, were identified. Among them, the M54 strain exhibited the most potent antagonistic effect against the two pathogenic fungi and was identified as <em>Bacillus siamensis</em> through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The complete genome for M54 was assembled using PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing technologies. Whole genome phylogenetic analysis further confirmed M54 was <em>B. siamensis</em>. Microscopic examination revealed that M54 had the ability to inhibit the fungal spore germination and hyphal formation. Furthermore, M54 exhibited effective colonization in the maize rhizosphere and enhanced maize growth. It showed that treatment with M54 significantly suppressed lesion expansion induced by <em>F. graminearum</em> on maize stalks in the seedling and adult plant assays. Genomic analysis using antiSMASH revealed 11 gene clusters for secondary metabolite synthesis. This study provides a novel approach for isolating biocontrol agents to manage plant diseases and highlights <em>B. siamensis</em> M54 as a potential efficient biocontrol agent for maize stalk rot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105660"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological control of Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): A comprehensive review of IPM strategies for Andean solanaceous crops","authors":"Ana Elizabeth Díaz Montilla,&nbsp;Takumasa Kondo","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Naranjilla also known as lulo, <em>Solanum quitoense</em> Lam., and tree tomato, <em>Solanum betaceum</em> Cav. (Solanaceae), are two tropical fruit trees sought after in national and international markets for their exquisite flavor. The Andean region of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru is the center of origin of <em>S. quitoense</em>, while <em>S. betaceum</em> is native to Bolivia and Argentina. Both crops are affected by the fruit borer <em>Neoleucinodes elegantalis</em> (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an oligophagous insect whose larvae develop inside the fruit, and feeds on the mesocarp and endosperm. Damage caused by <em>N. elegantalis</em> impacts the economy of producers who are generally small-scale farmers in Latin America, who use insecticides indiscriminately for pest control. Being a quarantine pest for the United States, Chile, and Europe, <em>N. elegantalis</em> is the main phytosanitary barrier that these fruit trees have for international marketing. The greatest reproductive success of this moth and the greatest diversity of its natural enemies may be associated with <em>S. quitoense</em>, which might be the ancestral host for <em>N. elegantalis</em>. The present work reports on the importance of monitoring in the pest management of <em>N. elegantalis</em> using pheromone traps and highlights the high potential that natural enemies of <em>N. elegantalis</em> have in biological control programs. Several strategies for conserving and boosting natural enemy populations in <em>S. quitoense</em> and <em>S. betaceum</em> crops in Colombia and Ecuador are discussed, including the use of low-toxicity chemicals, selective weed control, and monitoring <em>N. elegantalis</em> populations with sex pheromones. This comprehensive review addresses the current gaps in knowledge regarding solanaceous crops and their primary lepidopteran pest in the Andean region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing emerald ash borer in urban forests: Integrating biocontrol and insecticide treatments","authors":"T.D. Morris ,&nbsp;J.R. Gould ,&nbsp;T.C. Booth ,&nbsp;F.D. Miller ,&nbsp;J. Kaltenbach ,&nbsp;M.K. Fierke","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ash trees (<em>Fraxinus</em> spp.) were commonly planted street trees in urban environments prior to the arrival of emerald ash borer (EAB), <em>Agrilus planipennis</em> Fairmaire, in the 1990 s and its subsequent impacts. Insecticide treatments can provide consistent control of EAB and are used to protect high-value trees; however, control only lasts a few years before reapplication is needed. An EAB biological control program seeks to provide long-term control and several parasitoids have been released to that end, including the larval parasitoids <em>Tetrastichus planipennisi</em> Yang (Eulophidae) and <em>Spathius galinae</em> Belokobylskij (Braconidae). In 2015, we released parasitoids in three cities (Syracuse NY, Naperville IL, Boulder CO) while city arborists were simultaneously treating high-value street trees with insecticides. We hypothesized parasitoids would be able to establish on EAB in untreated trees and spread throughout the cities while treated trees remained healthy. We also hypothesized EAB densities would fall as non-treated ash died and would not subsequently rebound as insecticide treatments were removed from street trees due to the parasitism of biocontrol agents. Three-hundred trees were selected for monitoring in each city: 100 untreated, 100 treated, and 100 temporarily treated. <em>Tetrastichus planipennisi</em> successfully established in all three cities, while <em>S. galinae</em> established in Syracuse and Boulder. Untreated trees rapidly declined as expected while treated trees remained healthy. During the study subsets of trees were removed from the treatment cycle as EAB densities fell (≤ 10 larvae/m²). Minor canopy decline was present in 2021–2023 in trees from which treatment was removed, with median crown classes declining from 1 to 2. Despite this shift, most of these trees remained un-infested (∼ 75 %) and retained healthy canopies. Trees that did become infested had high apparent parasitism and low EAB densities. Due to the high value of urban trees, we recommend managers continue monitoring trees and consider selectively reinstating insecticide treatments on trees that start to decline and/or are subject to additional urban stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"199 ","pages":"Article 105658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}