Biological Control最新文献

{"title":"Oviposition biology and seed damage by Smicronyx lutulentus Dietz (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a biological control agent of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) in South Africa","authors":"R.E. Caister ,&nbsp;L.W. Strathie ,&nbsp;T. Olckers","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seed-feeding weevil <em>Smicronyx lutulentus</em> Dietz (Curculionidae) was released in South Africa in 2015 to supplement the biological control programme against the invasive annual weed <em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> L. (Asteraceae). Larval feeding within young, developing ovules and larval-induced abortion of adjacent seeds within the flowerheads causes seed destruction, augmenting low levels of natural seed abortion. We studied female fecundity in a glasshouse trial, to identify critical periods in oviposition and inform mass-rearing and field release protocols. Newly emerged mated females displayed a pre-oviposition period of 1–2 weeks, a peak in oviposition after 7–8 weeks and a lifetime fecundity of 324–446 eggs. We also studied the relationship between weevil density and seed damage during two separate glasshouse trials, to facilitate predictions of seed damage under field conditions. Plants exposed to 15 mating pairs of weevils harboured substantially higher proportions of larval-damaged flower buds (75 %) than plants with five pairs (45–56 %) or a single pair (19 %). Larval progeny from five adult pairs caused significantly higher seed inviability (38 %) than progeny from a single pair (14 %), versus the weevil-free control (5 %). Progeny from 15 pairs damaged 30 % of developing seeds, potentially causing up to 60 % seed inviability due to enhanced abortion of neighbouring seeds. Although ≥5 females per plant caused appreciable seed damage, the proportions of unexploited new buds (25–55 %) versus buds with multiple occupancy (≥2 larvae; 35–47 %) indicate the importance of floral phenology in oviposition site selection, as flowerbuds of 2–3 mm are preferred. Although progeny from five females per plant could cause up to 30 % seed reduction, within a week of oviposition, higher densities are required to limit the entry of viable seeds into the soil seed banks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105565"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001300/pdfft?md5=d095d10f5cc7395a9cb310b8f09ba405&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001300-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of impact of Wolbachia on foraging behavior and morphological characteristics of the parasitoid wasp, Habrobracon hebetor (Braconidae)","authors":"Niloufar Doostalizadeh ,&nbsp;Ali Asghar Talebi ,&nbsp;Yaghoub Fathipour ,&nbsp;Ary Hoffmann ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehrabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Wolbachia</em> are the most widespread intracellular alphaproteobacteria in insects with a variety of phenoptypic effects on the fitness and reproduction of their host, but much less is known about how these bacteria affect host behavior. In this study, we asked whether <em>Wolbachia</em> affects the foraging behavior of the parasitoid wasp <em>Habrobracon hebetor</em> (Hym.: Braconidae), an important biological control agent of many lepidopteran larvae. To test this, we analyzed the functional and numerical responses of <em>Wolbachia</em>-infected and uninfected (tetracycline cured) wasps, as well as morphological parameters. Functional response analysis showed Holling type II responses in both the <em>Wolbachia</em>-infected and uninfected females. The handling time and searching efficiency of <em>Wolbachia</em>-infected and uninfected females were similar, although the estimated maximum parasitism rate was shorter in infected females. Regardless of <em>Wolbachia</em> infection status, there was a negative non-linear relationship between the number of larvae parasitized by a female and an increase in the host density, reflecting a decrease in the total number of eggs laid. Our results also showed that <em>Wolbachia</em> had no effect on morphological traits of the parasitoid wasp. Together, these results suggest that <em>Wolbachia</em> which are prevalent in <em>H. hebetor</em> have limited impact on foraging behavior and morphology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001294/pdfft?md5=700591849b540baae14f4a66ea959c80&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol potential of an artificial synthetic bacterial consortium against peony root rot disease","authors":"Jianing Tian ,&nbsp;Minhuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Luo ,&nbsp;Fengxia Shao ,&nbsp;Weiqun Lei ,&nbsp;Wen Xing ,&nbsp;Lujie Chen ,&nbsp;Linghui Huang ,&nbsp;Chunwen Tan ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Bu ,&nbsp;Xingyu Yang ,&nbsp;Bowen Wang ,&nbsp;Liping Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tree peony (<em>Paeonia suffruticosa</em>), a traditional Chinese cultivated flowering shrub and a prominent landscaping plant, is subject to root rot. The key symptoms of root rot include black roots and the yellowing of leaves. Biological control is an effective and eco-friendly strategy for managing this disease. This study focused on the isolation, identification, and biological control of the pathogens causing peony root rot. Utilizing tissue isolation, pathogenicity determination, and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis, <em>Fusarium solani</em> and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> were determined to be the primary causal agents of peony root rot. Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing of 16 s-rDNA was used to investigate and characterize bacterial community structure and diversity in healthy and diseased peony roots, rhizosphere, and bulk soil. Results indicated that the presence of pathogenic fungi influences the structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community and that peony roots exhibit a strong selective effect on root bacterial colonization. Variations in the composition of the endophytic microbial community in healthy and diseased roots exceeded the variation in the rhizosphere. <em>Proteobacteria</em> and <em>Actinobacteria</em> are the dominant taxa in the rhizosphere and among root endophytes, comprising 90–96 % of the bacterial microbiota. The rhizosphere of healthy plants exhibits a significant enrichment in <em>Proteobacteria</em> (79.6 %) and <em>Actinobacteria</em> (14.9 %), while root endophytes in healthy plats exhibit enrichment in <em>Proteobacteria</em> (83.5 %). In contrast, the rhizosphere and root endophytes in diseased plants are abundant in <em>Proteobacteria</em> (69 % and 66.1 %, respectively). Notably, nine strains of biocontrol bacteria were isolated. Three synthetic bacterial consortia were then constructed based on inhibitory assays and the dissolving rates of phosphorus and potassium exhibited by the candidate bacteria. The synthetic bacterial consortia were evaluated for biocontrol and growth promotion properties. The constructed synthetic consortium with the best performance reduced the average morbidity and mortality of treated plants by 27.59 % and 55.56 %, respectively, compared to the untreated control. In summary, synthetic bacterial consortium I (SCI) exhibited the best disease control and growth-promoting effects on tree peony. Using a synthetic bacterial consortium represents a new and novel approach to the biological control of peony root rot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105563"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001282/pdfft?md5=4155a0a89cdf778f001f80cc5d2b1c23&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001282-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraging behavior of Ganaspis brasiliensis in response to temporal dynamics of volatile release by the fruit–Drosophila suzukii complex","authors":"Massimo Giorgini ,&nbsp;Marco Valerio Rossi Stacconi ,&nbsp;Roberta Pace ,&nbsp;Francesco Tortorici ,&nbsp;Pasquale Cascone ,&nbsp;Giorgio Formisano ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Spiezia ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Fellin ,&nbsp;Silvia Carlin ,&nbsp;Luciana Tavella ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Anfora ,&nbsp;Emilio Guerrieri","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The lineage G1 of <em>Ganaspis brasiliensis</em> is a larval parasitoid of the worldwide pest <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> and one of its most effective natural enemies in the native area. Because of its high degree of host specificity, <em>G. brasiliensis</em> G1 is considered a suitable species for introduction in areas invaded by <em>D. suzukii</em> following a classical biological control approach. Indeed, the release of the parasitoid is currently implemented in the USA and Italy. G1 females attack only host larvae developing in ripening fresh fruits on the plant and not larvae that develop in decaying fruits. To date, virtually no information is available on the cues regulating the foraging behavior of G1. In this study, we therefore aimed to find out whether chemical cues are exploited by G1 females to: (i) locate host fruits; (ii) locate suitable host larvae within infested fruit; (iii) discriminate between infested fresh fruits and infested rotting ones. We used a model system composed of blueberries and <em>D. suzukii</em> tested in two-choice olfactometer bioassays (with <em>D. suzukii</em>-infested fruits, healthy fruits, and pure air as odor targets), followed by the collection and the characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the tested targets. The results showed a clear time-dependent choice made by G1 females of infested versus healthy fruits related to the concomitant development of <em>D. suzukii</em> larvae and fruit degradation. Attraction to infested fruits was recorded during the early stages of infestation, followed by a repellent phase coinciding with fruits largely degraded by larval feeding. We found that the attractiveness of <em>G. brasiliensis</em> G1 towards fruits infested by young larvae was associated with the detection of VOCs released by the infested blueberries, and host’s cuticular hydrocarbons. Conversely, the repellence of older and deteriorated fruits hosting developed <em>D. suzukii</em> larvae was associated with the detection of a fermentation compound produced by microorganisms likely carried inside the fruit by the flies. The response of G1 females to the temporal dynamics of chemical cues emitted by the fruit–host larvae complex was consistent with the high degree of specificity of the parasitoid towards the ripening host fruits and towards <em>D. suzukii</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001270/pdfft?md5=08cfed54ac81648893ce26955068d6be&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the host range of Cyanopterus ninghais (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a candidate for the biological control of Monochamus alternatus, the vector of pine wilt disease in Asia","authors":"Shaobo Wang ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Han ,&nbsp;Hanyang Li ,&nbsp;Jiyu Xie ,&nbsp;Ke Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Monochamus alternatus</em> is a serious wood borer of pine trees and is a widespread vector of pine wilt disease in Asia. <em>Cyanopterus ninghais,</em> as a biological control agent of <em>M. alternatus</em> found in China, is expected to be applied for management of <em>M. alternatus</em> in Asia through introduction or augmentative release. To examine the host range of <em>C. ninghais</em> and minimize potential risk to non-target hosts in the release areas, the parasitism of this wasp on 22 species of wood boring insects from pine and other forests was determined by non-choice tests. <em>Cyanopterus ninghais</em> parasitized <em>Spondylis buprestoides</em> and <em>M. saltuarius</em> which also infested trees in Pinaceae, but the parasitism rates on these two beetles were significantly lower than its natural host, <em>M. alternatus</em>. <em>Cyanopterus ninghais</em> always preferred to parasitize <em>M. alternatus</em> in the choice tests. In addition, host plant selection tests revealed that <em>C. ninghais</em> was only attracted to Pinaceae, especially Masson Pine, <em>Pinus massoniana</em>. Changing the host plant species did not affect the preference of this parasitoid to the test hosts. The results suggested that <em>C. ninghais</em> had high host specificity for <em>M. alternatus</em>, and the combination of <em>M. alternatus</em> larvae and Masson Pine branches was the best combination for rearing this parasitoid.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001129/pdfft?md5=5e187394c7ba8fe45a4e5f0b80448fa3&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001129-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Kweilingia divina as a potential augmentative biological control agent against the gramineous weed Microstegium vimineum","authors":"Min Tan,&nbsp;Yanxia Fang,&nbsp;Sheng Qiang","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Microstegium vimineum</em> (Trin.) A. Camus, commonly called stiltgrass, is an exotic and indigenous troublesome weed in the United States and eastern Asia, respectively. Between 2020 and 2022, a damaging disease was observed on <em>M. vimineum</em> plants at the foot of Daluo Mountain in Wenzhou City, China, with an incidence of 90 %. Typical rust disease symptoms were prominently visible during the early monsoon season (June to July), consisting of chlorotic spots with many orange or orange-yellow uredinia on the abaxial surfaces of the <em>M. vimineum</em> leaves. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as <em>Kweilingia divina</em> (Syd.) Buriticá. This article describes the studies carried out on one strain of the fungus (WZ-2) to ascertain its potential as a biocontrol agent of the weed. Host specificity testing on 61 plant species from 15 families proved that 25 major crops and 36 weeds were insensitive to this fungus, with only two other gramineous weed species being slightly susceptible. However, urediniospores were not observed on these slightly infected plants. Further research is required to assess the pathogenicity and safety of various plant species to <em>K. divina</em>, especially bamboos, which have been identified as susceptible. Temperature and dew period experiments have shown that the fungus has a relatively wide tolerance for infection between 15 and 40 °C, and with only 4 h of dew exposure some uredinia appeared on artificially infected <em>M. vimineum</em> plants. A field trial proved that urediniospores from the strain WZ-2 could infect naturally occurring <em>M. vimineum</em> plants, causing severe disease symptoms and plant death. Thus, strain WZ-2 has great potential as an augmentative biological control agent against <em>M. vimineum</em>. <em>K. divina</em> is a heteroecious rust fungus that requires an alternate host to complete its life-cycle. What the alternative hosts are, and the impact of the alternate hosts on outbreaks of the disease requires further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105560"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001257/pdfft?md5=738ada6ba316c9c26598b346afc8d17a&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001257-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saccharomyces cerevisiae NX2320 inhibit Aspergillus carbonarius by cell membrane disruption and oxidative stress-mediated autophagy in in vitro and during grape storage","authors":"Xixi Zhao ,&nbsp;Liangfu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinglu Duan ,&nbsp;Yanlin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Aspergillus carbonarius</em> not only causes the decay of fresh fruit, but also produce the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Biological control of pathogenic fungus by antagonistic microorganisms is a safe and effective method. However, information about the potential mechanism of antagonistic microorganisms to suppress <em>A. carbonarius</em> is limited. In this study, <em>S. cerevisiae</em> NX2320 inhibited the growth of <em>A. carbonarius</em> in PDA media and during grape storage. 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) produced by <em>S. cerevisiae</em> NX2320 may be the key substance for its antifungal mechanism. The result indicated that <em>S. cerevisiae</em> NX2320 and 2-PE inhibited OTA production, break the redox steady state, destroy membrane integrity, cause cell autophagy and control the production of mycotoxins. The results indicated that <em>S. cerevisiae</em> must be further investigated for potential application to control fungal and mycotoxin problems during grape storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001245/pdfft?md5=21c6b2bb9d546b18e08b5bf8869f671f&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001245-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141396215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass rearing requirements and ecological zoning of Telenomus remus estimated through life table in different temperatures and relative humidities","authors":"Marília Corrêa de Melo,&nbsp;Aloisio Coelho Jr,&nbsp;Adriano Gomes Garcia,&nbsp;José Roberto Postali Parra","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J.E. Smith) is an important polyphagous pest of corn (maize) crops, reported as invasive on most continents. It is the main corn pest in South America. Control methods involve the use of agrochemicals and genetically modified cultivars. Among the possible alternatives for controlling this species, the present study evaluated the biological development of an isofemale line of <em>Telenomus remus</em> Nixon collected in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, on eggs of <em>S. frugiperda</em> at different temperatures and relative humidity (RH) levels. The development and parasitism of the parental generation of <em>T. remus</em> and its offspring were evaluated at different temperatures (18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30, 33, and 35 °C) and RH levels (30, 50, 70, and 90 %). Fertility life tables were constructed based on the values obtained at different temperatures and RH. The estimated thermal constant (K) was 210.36 degree-days, the lower temperature threshold (Tt) 10.6 °C, and the upper developmental threshold (Tmax) 35.9 °C. In both generations, <em>T. remus</em> showed the best parasitism performance at temperatures between 25 and 30 °C and RH between 50 and 70 %. We represented the results geographically, producing two types of zoning maps, one based on R₀ (net reproductive rate) values and another based on the number of <em>T. remus</em> generations in municipalities according to the calendar for the first and second corn crops. Both zoning approaches indicated that the North, Northeast, Midwest, and Southeast regions of Brazil are the most suitable for the establishment and multiplication of <em>T. remus</em>, especially from September to February. In the colder Southern region, conditions are suitable only from November to March. Under the same climate conditions as <em>S. frugiperda, T. remus</em> can produce 4 to 6 times more generations in both corn crops. For the first corn crop, more regions of Brazil are favorable for the release of <em>T. remus</em> to control <em>S. frugiperda</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001117/pdfft?md5=8d8e5d2954dc621271455abbb31f01ef&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001117-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proactive biological control of spotted lanternfly: Parasitism and host feeding behavior of Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) on Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) egg masses","authors":"F. Gómez Marco ,&nbsp;M.S. Hoddle","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Lycorma delicatula</em> (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) is a recognized threat to perennial vine, tree crops, and forest ecosystems. Native to China, <em>L. delicatula</em> has invaded eastern Asian countries (The Republic of Korea [i.e., South Korea] and Japan) and is spreading rapidly through the eastern and mid-western regions of the USA. Stablished populations in these regions present a significant incursion threat to California’s multi-billion-dollar perennial crops (e.g., grape and nut production). As a part of a proactive classical biological control program targeting <em>L. delicatula</em> in California, USA, the egg parasitoid, <em>Anastatus orientalis</em> (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), is being evaluated for possible use against this pest should it establish in California. In support of this proactive research, the oviposition and host feeding behavior of <em>A. orientalis</em> was investigated. The effect of time exposure (i.e., 48-, 72-, 96-, 168-hours) on the percentage of eggs parasitized by 7-day old female parasitoids previously exposed to <em>L. delicatula</em> egg masses in presence/absence of a conspecific male was also investigated. Parasitism rates were significantly higher after 96 h of exposure time and offspring sex ratio did not change in any of the treatments (i.e., exposure time, presence/absence of a male). In another experiment, mated and unmated female parasitoids of three different ages (i.e., ≤ 24-, 72- and 120 h of age) were digitally video recorded for 24 h while foraging on <em>L. delicatula</em> egg masses and host use behaviors were quantified. <em>Anastatus orientalis</em> females that were 72 h old (mated) and 120 h (mated and unmated) spent significantly more time antennating and probing/ovipositing in <em>L. delicatula</em> egg masses than younger unmated females. An increase in host feeding behavior was always associated with increased oviposition behavior. No detrimental effects of host feeding on rates of parasitism and <em>A. orientalis</em> offspring emergence were detected. This finding confirms that <em>A. orientalis</em> is a concurrent parasitoid and can use the same host egg for feeding and parasitism. Implications of these results on possible rearing and release strategies of <em>A. orientalis</em> as a biological control agent of <em>L. delicatula</em> are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105551"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001166/pdfft?md5=71fadc8e24b220174e817fe693015589&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141291961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pruning Brazilian peppertrees to augment field populations of the biological control agent Pseudophilothrips ichini","authors":"G.S. Wheeler ,&nbsp;C.R. Minteer ,&nbsp;J. Palacios ,&nbsp;D.A. Halbritter ,&nbsp;A.S. David","doi":"10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2024.105550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Brazilian peppertree, <em>Schinus terebinthifolia</em> (Anacardiaceae) is an invasive weed of natural and agricultural areas of California, Florida, Hawaii, and Texas, USA. A thrips, <em>Pseudophilothrips ichini</em>, is being mass produced and released as an approved agent for biological control of this invasive weed. The <em>P. ichini</em> thrips are flush feeders, especially the larvae, that exploit seasonal new plant growth. Adult <em>P. ichini</em> thrips selected pruned, re-flushing Brazilian peppertree plants, and produced 4-fold more F₁ thrips than those that chose unpruned, non-flushing plants. To determine if pruning increased the abundance of foliar flush production, field populations of Brazilian peppertree in the invaded range were pruned every 3 months for 14 months. The pruned Brazilian peppertree plants produced more flush leaves, that continued to be produced for longer periods, compared with seasonal unpruned plants. Following pruning, re-flushed Brazilian peppertree leaves had greater percent moisture (65.0 % vs 60.0 %) and nitrogen (1.6 % vs 1.3 %) compared with non-flushing leaves. The levels of several terpenoid constituents trended higher in the re-flushed leaves compared with the non-flushing leaves including Germacrene D, Caryophyllene, Bicyclogermacrene, and Sabinene. These results suggest that routine pruning of Brazilian pepper plants at field sites can improve plant quality and may increase the production of thrips. This management approach can be implemented at field nurseries for the mass production of agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8880,"journal":{"name":"Biological Control","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 105550"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424001154/pdfft?md5=bafa9843b55f0e7c579e35d722a7673d&pid=1-s2.0-S1049964424001154-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}