Biodiversity and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Everybody needs good neighbours: movement, habitat use, and conspecific association in a reintroduced mesopredator","authors":"Belinda A. Wilson, Maldwyn J. Evans, Shoshana Rapley, Iain J. Gordon, Claire Wimpenny, Jenny Newport, Adrian D. Manning","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02884-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02884-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a reintroduction progresses through the establishment, growth, and regulation phases, density-dependent mechanisms increasingly drive population dynamics. This can complicate efforts to reinforce these populations if the translocated individuals (henceforth reinforcers) are excluded, or existing residents become displaced. This is especially pertinent for islands and fenced havens, where immigration is often only possible by translocation. Conspecific associations offer insights into how these density-dependent mechanisms manifest in space and time. We investigated how movement, habitat use, and conspecific associations differed between eastern quoll (<i>Dasyurus viverrinus</i>) residents and reinforcers at a conservation-fenced haven. We used GPS collars to quantify distances travelled per night, home and core ranges, nocturnal (activity) and diurnal (denning) habitat use and preference, and conspecific associations over three periods: baseline (residents only, days 3–21), release (both cohorts, days 22–32), and settlement (reinforcers only, days 33–52) for ≤ 42 days post-release (depending on GPS unit longevity). Eastern quolls travelled greater mean distances per night (&lt; 2.15 km, x̄ 1.75 km) and had larger home ranges (&lt; 251 ha, x̄ 178 ha) during the release period. Reinforcers had larger home ranges (249 ha) and greater overlap with other collared eastern quolls (115 ha) when compared to residents (range 90 ha, overlap 46 ha). We found a significant preference for grassland habitat across all animals and periods. During the settlement period, we found a preference for nocturnal activity in greater understory and south-west facing aspects, and lower movement correlation, sociality, and den sharing between collared eastern quolls. Finally, we found lower den sharing in reinforcers (29%) compared to residents (52%), and for fawn- animals compared to dark-morphs. Our results revealed short-term movements, habitat use, and conspecific associations at a greater spatiotemporal resolution than has ever been achieved for this species. Our findings offer important insights into the importance of appropriate habitat and conspecific cueing for reintroductions, and highlight the need to monitor density-dependent mechanisms to inform adaptive management to promote positive outcomes for both initial reintroductions and reinforcements.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity patterns reveal the singularities of the savanna woody flora in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition","authors":"Eddie Lenza, Jhany Martins, Ana Clara Abadia, Lorrayne Aparecida Gonçalves, Denis Silva Nogueira, Leonardo Maracahipes-Santos, Guarino R. Colli","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02883-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02883-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Transitional vegetation zones in the neotropics harbor high biodiversity and are threatened by advancing deforestation and climate change. Besides, the diversity patterns at multiple spatial scales are little understood. We investigated the woody flora of eight savanna sites over 700 km along the transition zone between the Cerrado and Amazonia. We assessed plant diversity at three spatial scales: alpha (α = local richness), beta (β_Jac = Jaccard mean dissimilarity of species composition between sites), and gamma (γ = regional diversity). We also measured the sites’ contribution to beta diversity (LCBD) to unveil the ecological singularity of the transition. We found high local richness (α = ∼80 species per hectare) and high between-site dissimilarity (β_Jac = 0.651; LCBD = 0.354), which together contributed to high regional diversity (γ = 167). There was no relationship between floristic composition and proximity between sites or proximity to Amazonia. The locally dominant species (representing 80% or more of the total abundance) also differed across sites, indicating the unique composition of each community. This high floristic diversity at different spatial scales is severely threatened by extensive deforestation in recent decades and a paucity of protected areas, stressing the need for protected areas and conservation actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"224 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conservation status of the Cretan endemic Arthropods under Natura 2000 network","authors":"Giannis Bolanakis, Savvas Paragkamian, Maria Chatzaki, Nefeli Kotitsa, Liubitsa Kardaki, Apostolos Trichas","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02877-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02877-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arthropod decline has been globally and locally documented, yet they are still not sufficiently protected. Crete (Greece), a Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, is a continental island renowned for its diverse geology, ecosystems and endemicity of flora and fauna, with continuous research on its Arthropod fauna dating back to the nineteenth century. Here we investigate the conservation status of the Cretan Arthropods using Preliminary Automated Conservation Assessments (PACA) and the overlap of Cretan Arthropod distributions with the Natura 2000 protected areas. Moreover, we investigate their endemicity hotspots and propose candidate Key Biodiversity Areas. In order to perform these analyses, we assembled occurrences of the endemic Arthropods in Crete located in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Crete together with literature data. These assessments resulted in 75% of endemic Arthropods as potentially or likely threatened. The hotspots of endemic taxa and the candidate Key Biodiversity Areas are distributed mostly on the mountainous areas where the Natura 2000 protected areas have great coverage. Yet human activities have significant impact even in those areas, while some taxa are not sufficiently covered by Natura 2000. These findings call for countermeasures and conservation actions to protect these insular environments, especially mountain species that lack the space to further escape from threats affecting their habitat.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which birds have the most to lose? an analysis of bird species’ feeding habitat in changing Australian landscapes","authors":"Carly E. Campbell, Darryl N. Jones, Monica Awasthy, J. Guy Castley, Alienor L.M. Chauvenet","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02890-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02890-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Australia has lost vast areas of its natural vegetation through agriculture and urbanization, resulting in the area of suitable habitat for many Australian bird species being greatly diminished. Given the geographical and ecological biases in anthropogenic land use, the impact of habitat loss now and into the future may be disproportionately high for some species, threatening their long-term persistence. Such changes are occurring rapidly, and habitat loss needs to be monitored dynamically to prevent extinction. To monitor changes in available unmodified species habitat, we use species’ area of feeding habitat (AFH), which represents the area of habitat within a species’ range with vegetation matching their feeding requirements. We analysed the past, current and future threats of habitat modification for 467 Australian bird species by calculating AFH across three time periods: pre-colonization, current (2020), and a projected future scenario (2100). These values were used to identify species subject to substantial habitat loss due to urbanization and agriculture and delineate predictors of such losses. Most species had experienced habitat loss since colonization (<i>n</i> = 442, 95%), and species that had already experienced considerable habitat loss were more likely to lose habitat into the future. Species with particular habitat associations (e.g., Mallee), were also more prone to greater proportions of habitat lost. The results highlight the utility of AFH and emphasize the importance of protecting what habitat remains for the species with highly depleted geographic ranges, noting that those that have experienced the most loss of unmodified habitat are the most likely to lose more unmodified habitat under future conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"170 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive black rats menacing endangered lizards","authors":"Marta López-Darias, Mercedes López-González, David P. Padilla, Javier Martín-Carbajal, Julien C. Piquet","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02882-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02882-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite the pernicious impacts that invasive black rats <i>Rattus rattus</i> have on island ecosystems, little is known about their effect upon insular reptiles, which are a highly vulnerable but pivotal element of island biota. To bring to light these effects, we evaluated the threat posed by <i>R. rattus</i> on the critically endangered Canarian spotted lizard <i>Gallotia intermedia</i> by analyzing its frequency of occurrence on rat feces, estimating rat abundance and density, and correlating these parameters with previous lizard censuses. We genetically detected that 14.96% of all rat feces contained <i>G. intermedia</i>, with 27.27% of individual <i>R. rattus</i> consuming this lizard. Rat density varied from 0.740 ± 0.474 to 2.183 ± 1.137 rats/ha and was correlated with larger declines of <i>G. intermedia</i> between past censuses and those of 2019. These results confirm for the first time that <i>R. rattus</i> consumes and impacts this endemic and endangered lizard species. From a broader perspective, this is one of the first studies detecting rat impact on a large-sized reptile, which calls for further attention to the interaction between invasive rats and a highly vulnerable but essential component of island ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparable biodiversity and demographic structure between sacred groves and protected forests with Dipterocarpus hasseltii reveal conservation value of customary forests in Bali, Indonesia","authors":"Ni Kadek Erosi Undaharta, Francesco Martini, Alison Kim Shan Wee","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02885-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02885-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sacred groves are natural forests that are managed by local communities to support their cultural and religious practices. These forests are often refugia to threatened species and crucial nodes of biodiversity in an increasingly human-dominated landscape. In Asia, conservation evidence of sacred groves is often geographically limited to a few overrepresented countries. Here, we present the first empirical study on the tree communities in sacred groves in Bali, Indonesia, and compare them to formally gazetted protected forests without a sacred status. Specifically, we measured the diversity, basal area and density of tree species from three ontogenetic stages (adults, saplings, and seedlings) in sacred groves and protected forests that contain <i>Dipterocarpus hasseltii</i>, a globally Endangered dominant canopy tree species of local cultural significance. Our results showed that sacred groves and protected forests with <i>D. hasseltii</i> populations had similar levels of tree species richness, diversity, and density of saplings and seedlings. The density of <i>D. hasseltii</i> individuals and the basal area of all species of adult trees was higher in sacred groves than in protected forests, potentially due to culturally-driven active protection of <i>D. hasseltii</i> and large, old trees in the sacred groves. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that local community’s involvement in forest governance had a positive impact on biodiversity conservation that was comparable to protected forests. Despite sacred groves being invaluable localities for <i>in-situ</i> conservation of threatened tree species, incorporation into existing protected area network could diminish the autonomy and traditions of the local communities. Therefore, our study provides crucial evidence of the circumstances under which customary forests balanced both natural resource use and biodiversity conservation. This lends support to Indonesia’s forest decentralization policies through which local communities can maintain stewardship over biodiversity-rich customary forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141514291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Site fidelity of harbor seals in Casco Bay, ME, USA using facial recognition technology: a pilot study","authors":"Lauren Horstmyer, Hieu Do, Ahmet Ay, Krista Ingram","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02888-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02888-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Harbor seals, <i>Phoca vitulina</i>, play a critical role in regulating the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. We conducted a preliminary ecological study of harbor seals in Casco Bay, Maine using SealNet, a newly developed facial recognition software. We captured images of seals on nine haul-out sites to create a database of 768 seals in Middle Bay. We used photo ID techniques with facial recognition technology to record the location of individuals at each haul-out site. We calculated a range of 9% site fidelity to the Middle Bay inlet across years and 25% and 36% seasonal site fidelity to haul-out sites within 2020 and 2021, respectively. Preliminary estimates of the local seal abundance within Middle Bay ranged from 1562 (single haul-out site) to 2533 seals (across sites and years). In addition, our results suggest that the number of seals at haul-out sites is greatest from two hours before low tide to two hours after low tide and during high cloud cover conditions. We found no significant impacts of water or air temperature, level of boat traffic, or wind speed on haul-out site abundance. Our study supports the use of facial recognition technology as an effective method to monitor dynamic coastal species. The aim of future research will focus on a more systematic, longitudinal study design to monitor specific haul-out sites with the aim of providing more extensive connectivity data between sites and more refined estimates of site fidelity, turnover, and population size.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141501096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional diversity and trait-environment relationships of bat assemblages in an Amazonian forest-savannah mosaic","authors":"Natalia Margarido Kinap, Fábio Z. Farneda, Rafael M. Rabelo, Enrico Bernard, Paulo Estefano D. Bobrowiec","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02880-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02880-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the effects of long-term habitat fragmentation on functional diversity and trait distributions is fundamental for effective conservation plans. In this study, we investigated the functional diversity and trait-environment relationships of phyllostomid bats in an Amazonian forest-savannah mosaic. Bats were captured across ten forest fragments, 11 savannahs, and five continuous forest sampling sites. We assessed the effect of habitat type using taxonomic and functional α-diversity and functional uniqueness at the community-level. We evaluated the relationships between functional traits, environmental characteristics, and species distribution using RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. Furthermore, we estimated the contribution of “richness change” and “replacement” components among habitats using functional β-diversity. Forested habitats (forest fragments and continuous forest) retained more diverse functional assemblages compared to savannahs, with a greater abundance of species with unique traits, such as the gleaning insectivorous bats (e.g., <i>Gardnerycteris crenulatum</i>, <i>Lophostoma silvicola</i>, <i>Tonatia maresi</i>). Functional β-diversity between forest fragments and savannah was driven significantly by the replacement of traits, indicating the substitution of species that perform different ecological functions in these habitats. Our study highlights the importance of the forest-savannah mosaic for maintaining bat assemblage functional diversity and their associated ecosystem services.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141252886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antarctica is less isolated with increasing depth - evidence from pycnogonids","authors":"Jamie Maxwell, Huw Griffiths, A. Louise Allcock","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02876-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02876-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>No other group of animals typifies the uniqueness of Antarctic life more than Pycnogonida (sea spiders), with 20% of all known species found in the Southern Ocean, and 64% of these endemic to the Antarctic. Despite nearly 200 years of research into pycnogonids and other benthic phyla in Antarctica, the parameters which drive the distribution and diversity of benthic fauna are still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and connectivity of pycnogonid communities on either side of the Antarctic Polar Front, with an emphasis on the role of water depth, using an occurrence dataset containing 254 pycnogonid species from 2187 sampling locations. At depths shallower than 1000 m, communities to the north and south of the Antarctic Polar Front were distinct, while below this depth this geographic structure disintegrated. The Polar Front, or the expanse of deep ocean it bisects, seemingly acts as a semipermeable barrier to species exchange between well-sampled shallow communities. The less sampled and less understood deep sea appears to be better connected, with high levels of shared species following the northward flow of Antarctic Bottom Water. The exceptionally high diversity and endemism of Antarctic pycnogonids may reflect an apparent competitive advantage in cold waters which leaves them vulnerable to ongoing ocean warming, with increased competition and predation pressures.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141253236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The agricultural transformation of Brazil’s Cerrado is influencing the diversity and distribution of tadpoles via lentification","authors":"Kimberly A. With, Werther P. Ramalho, Tanner McIntosh, Luciana Signorelli","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02873-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02873-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>More than half of Brazil’s Cerrado has been converted to agricultural land use, threatening its rich biodiversity that includes &gt; 200 anuran species, most of which have aquatic larvae and are thus doubly susceptible to the environmental impacts of agriculture. Past research has largely focused on how land-use change affects adult anurans, which ignores potential impacts on the critical larval stage. We therefore investigated how agricultural land use (250–1000 m scale) and the local pond environment affect the diversity and distribution of tadpole assemblages across the central Cerrado. Tadpole richness declined significantly with increasing cropland within 250 m of ponds and with increasing water pH in permanent ponds. Permanent ponds are more prevalent in agricultural areas where streams are impounded to provide water for irrigation and livestock, and water pH increases with increasing agriculture, likely due to the widespread use of agricultural lime in the Cerrado. Tadpole communities exhibited high beta diversity (81–86% dissimilarity), with species replacement rather than nestedness accounting for 90–97% of species differences between ponds, which was largely driven by hydroperiod. Six species accounted for 70% of the dissimilarity, with most species either more abundant or found only in temporary ponds. Increased lentification, a corollary of agricultural land use, is profoundly altering tadpole assemblages, which has consequences for overall anuran diversity in the Cerrado given that permanent ponds support a different and less-diverse larval assemblage than ephemeral wetlands. Anuran conservation in the Cerrado should therefore additionally consider maintaining or restoring wetland hydrology and native-vegetation buffers around wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141172783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}