Biodiversity and Conservation最新文献

{"title":"How effective are ecological metrics in supporting conservation and management in degraded streams?","authors":"Kate L Mathers, Christopher T Robinson, Matthew Hill, Carmen Kowarik, Jani Heino, Charl Deacon, Christine Weber","doi":"10.1007/s10531-024-02933-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02933-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biodiversity loss is increasing worldwide, necessitating effective approaches to counteract negative trends. Here, we assessed aquatic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in two river catchments in Switzerland; one significantly degraded and associated with urbanisation and instream barriers, and one in a near-natural condition. Contrary to our expectations, environmental heterogeneity was lower in the near-natural stream, with enhanced productivity in the degraded system resulting in a greater range of environmental conditions. At face value, commonly employed alpha, beta and gamma biodiversity metrics suggested both catchments constituted healthy systems, with greater richness or comparable values recorded in the degraded system relative to the near-natural one. Further, functional metrics considered to be early indicators for anthropogenic disturbance, demonstrated no anticipated differences between degraded and near-natural catchments. However, investigating the identity of the taxa unique to each river system showed that anthropogenic degradation led to replacement of specialist, sensitive species indicative of pristine rivers, by generalist, pollution tolerant species. These replacements reflect a major alteration in community composition in the degraded system compared with the near-natural system. Total nitrogen and fine sediment were important in distinguishing the respective communities. We urge caution in biodiversity studies that employ numerical biodiversity metrics alone. Assessing just one aspect of diversity, such as richness, is not sufficient to track biodiversity changes associated with environmental stress. We advocate that biodiversity monitoring for conservation and management purposes must go beyond traditional richness biodiversity metrics, to include indices that incorporate detailed nuances of biotic communities that relates to taxon identity.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-024-02933-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"33 14","pages":"3981-4002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11568992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative potential of conservation actions.","authors":"Anni Arponen,&nbsp;Anna Salomaa","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02600-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10531-023-02600-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transformative change can help achieve the 2050 vision of biodiversity, but concrete ways to achieve it are only being discovered. To contribute to the understanding of the practical options for concrete action to foster, accelerate and maintain the transformative change<i>,</i> we assessed the leverage potential of existing conservation actions using the Meadows' Leverage points framework. We took the actions from the Conservation Actions Classification by the Conservation Measures Partnership. The outcome is a scheme that evaluates at which leverage points, from simple parameters to paradigms, the different conservation actions have potential to make an impact, and thus impact systemic change. We found that all conservation actions have potential to leverage systemic transformative change, with varying coverage of the leverage points. All leverage points were addressed by several actions. The scheme could be used both as an interim tool for evaluating transformative potential in different broad datasets, but also help with planning of new conservation policies, interventions and projects. We hope our work could be a first step toward standardization and broader adoption of assessing leverage in conservation research and practice, achieving broader socio-ecological system leverage with conservation tools.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02600-3.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10105141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public authorities for transformative change: integration principle in public funding.","authors":"Jerneja Penca","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02542-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10531-023-02542-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although science widely supports moving towards transformative change through integrating biodiversity into decision-making, and arguing for the essential role of public authorities, it falls short on suggesting specific means to that end. This article considers the EU's approach to fostering the green transition as part of its post-pandemic recovery while exploring how the integration of biodiversity considerations could be integrated into decision-making. The rationale and implementation of the EU's <i>do no harm</i> principle is examined, which functioned as a condition for public funds. The analysis shows the mentioned EU policy innovation has a very limited impact. The role of <i>do no harm</i> has been limited to validating, rather than initiating policy measures. It has failed to influence the design of measures such that they would benefit biodiversity and not encouraged synergies between the climate and biodiversity goals. Based on the experience with <i>do no harm</i> as well as the more focussed regulatory action directed at the goal of climate neutrality, the article lists key steps for fostering biodiversity integration in policy planning and policy implementation. These steps encompass substantive and procedural approaches and aim for deliberation, target-setting, tracking, verification and screening. There is considerable scope for robust regulation to play a role in support of the biodiversity goals alongside transformative bottom-up initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":" ","pages":"1-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9999069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9705650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini Safe Havens for population recovery and reintroductions 'beyond-the-fence'.","authors":"Kiarrah J Smith,&nbsp;Maldwyn J Evans,&nbsp;Iain J Gordon,&nbsp;Jennifer C Pierson,&nbsp;Simon Stratford,&nbsp;Adrian D Manning","doi":"10.1007/s10531-022-02495-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-022-02495-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the ongoing decline of fauna worldwide, there has been growing interest in the rewilding of whole ecosystems outside of fenced sanctuaries or offshore islands. This interest will inevitably result in attempts to restore species where eliminating threats from predators and competitors is extremely challenging or impossible, or reintroductions of predators that will increase predation risk for extant prey (i.e., coexistence conservation). We propose 'Mini Safe Havens' (MSHs) as a potential tool for managing these threats. Mini Safe Havens are refuges that are permanently permeable to the focal species; allowing the emigration of individuals while maintaining gene flow through the boundary. Crucial to the effectiveness of the approach is the ongoing maintenance and monitoring required to preserve a low-to-zero risk of key threats within the MSH; facilitating in-situ learning and adaptation by focal species to these threats, at a rate and intensity of exposure determined by the animals themselves. We trialled the MSH approach for a pilot reintroduction of the Australian native New Holland mouse (<i>Pseudomys novaehollandiae</i>), in the context of a trophic rewilding project to address potential naïveté to a reintroduced native mammalian predator. We found that mice released into a MSH maintained their weight and continued to use the release site beyond 17 months (525 days) post-release. In contrast, individuals in temporary soft-release enclosures tended to lose weight and became undetectable approximately 1-month post-release. We discuss the broad applicability of MSHs for population recovery and reintroductions 'beyond-the-fence' and recommend avenues for further refinement of the approach.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-022-02495-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 1","pages":"203-225"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9652606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10529874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conservation benefit-sharing mechanisms and their effectiveness in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem: local communities' perspectives.","authors":"Juma J Kegamba,&nbsp;Kamaljit K Sangha,&nbsp;Penelope A S Wurm,&nbsp;Stephen T Garnett","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02583-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02583-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benefit-sharing mechanisms have been instrumental in securing the support of local communities living on the edge of protected areas to implement protected area goals and enhance biodiversity conservation outcomes. Understanding the acceptability of the types of benefit provided among diverse communities is crucial for co-designing benefit-sharing approaches that accommodate local perspectives. Here, we used quasi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGD) to assess the acceptance of the types of benefit received by the communities in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem (GSE) in Tanzania and the effectiveness of the benefits in securing community support for conservation reserves. We found that the categories of social service provision, livelihood support, and employment described all the benefits provided across conservation institutions operating in the GSE. However, the types of benefit within these categories varied significantly among conservation institutions, in terms of level and frequency of benefits received by communities. Overall, student scholarships were highly rated by respondents as the most satisfying benefit received. Respondents who were dissatisfied with the benefits received thought that the benefits did not compensate for the high costs arising from wildlife incursions onto their land. Communities' acceptance of the benefits received varied greatly among villages, but only a small proportion of pooled respondents (22%) were willing to support the existence of a protected area without benefit. This study suggests that local people are willing to support conservation outcomes but require conservation institutions to give greater consideration to the costs incurred by communities, their livelihood needs, and access to natural resources or other benefits. We recommend that benefit-sharing be tailored to the local circumstances and cultures of people living close to protected areas, particularly communities expressing more negative views, to ensure adequate and appropriate compensation is provided.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02583-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 6","pages":"1901-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10077326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9349312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ninth Plenary of the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES-9): sustainable use, values, and business (as usual).","authors":"Peter Bridgewater, Dirk S Schmeller","doi":"10.1007/s10531-022-02500-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10531-022-02500-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) held its ninth plenary session in hybrid form at Bonn, Germany in July 2022. The plenary had a packed agenda with assessments on the Sustainable Use of Wild Species and Values of Biodiversity to consider, as well as discuss a \"Nature Future Framework\" and a scoping document for business and biodiversity. Here, we present key issues that emerged from the plenary and suggest some matters Platform members need to consider for the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9643941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9093361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current wildlife crime (Indian scenario): major challenges and prevention approaches.","authors":"Ajay Kumar Rana,&nbsp;Nishant Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The constant depletion of wild flora and fauna in India due to uncontrolled human activities, natural habitat destruction and covert poaching activities is threatening the ecological balance. The poaching and trafficking of wild species in the lure of money as well as fashion has wiped out a range of wildlife species that call for critical attention to tackle this menace. There are many transit routes through the states of Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Assam, which are major hubs for wildlife trafficking in India, in both domestic and international markets. The poaching of wild animals and plants slowly erases biodiversity, which in turn affects the survival of humans and other living species. Therefore, there is an urgent need to check ongoing wildlife crimes, raise the number of endangered species, rehabilitate exotic/extinct species and restore natural ecosystems. In this article, we collected wildlife crime data from web portals of various stakeholders, government agencies and authentic news sources, and discuss the current crime trends, challenges, and prevention approaches required to control and restore wildlife biodiversity in India.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02577-z.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 5","pages":"1473-1491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10025790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9671125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Colombian plant genetic resources for investment in research using indicators about the geographic origin, vulnerability status, economic benefits, and food security importance.","authors":"I Cerón-Souza,&nbsp;D Delgadillo-Duran,&nbsp;S M Polo-Murcia,&nbsp;Z X Sarmiento-Naizaque,&nbsp;P H Reyes-Herrera","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02599-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10531-023-02599-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Germplasm banks are the most significant repository for plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) worldwide. Despite their strategic importance, national germplasm banks of tropical megadiverse developing countries such as Colombia have extremely limited funds. Therefore, making strategic decisions about research investment is essential. Here, we designed a data-driven approach to build an index that sorts Colombian PGRFA into three groups: high, medium, or low priority, based on four pillars of information from open-access databases and aligned with the sustainable goals of no poverty and zero hunger: Geographic origin, vulnerability status, economic benefits, and food security importance. We analyzed 345 PGRFA using the index, separating them into two groups, 275 already conserved in the Colombian germplasm bank (BGVCOL group) and 70 not currently conserved in the BGVCOL (NCB group). We used fuzzy logic to classify each PGRFA by each pillar and integrate it to obtain a priority index. Missing data for native crops were frequent in the BGVCOL group. Therefore we adopted an imputation strategy to fill the gaps and calculated the uncertainty. After applying the index, PGRFA with higher priority were 24 (8.72%) from the BGVCOL (i.e., 15 potatoes, three tomatoes, two tree tomatoes, pineapple, cocoa, papaya, and yacon) and one from NCB (i.e., coffee). We concluded that this methodology successfully prioritized PGRFA in Colombia and shows the big holes of knowledge for future research and alternatives to improve this index. The versatility of this methodology could be helpful in other genebanks with budget limitations for research investment.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02599-7.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 7","pages":"2221-2261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10195663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9908540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How might we utilise the concept of botanic gardens' in urban contexts to challenge plant blindness?","authors":"Jasmine Daniel,&nbsp;Alessio Russo,&nbsp;Bill Burford","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02607-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10531-023-02607-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant blindness remains an understudied Anthropocentric concept. There is a societal naivety to the importance of plants, and lack of awareness of the human impact of plant life, which renders many 'plant blind'. This research develops a Plant Blindness (PB) scale to address plant blindness within a botanic and urban space, pursuing an investigation into the motivations and beliefs of people in terms of plant awareness, plant fascination and conservationist efforts. Interviews with specialists within botany and horticulture suggest how we might better understand and utilise the function of botanic gardens' within an urban context, using botanic spaces to further amplify societal interest in plant life, thus challenging plant blindness. Botanic gardens' document collections of living plants, researching and setting exemplar sustainable and ethical standards for the conservation and cultivation of rare and threatened plants, educating and bringing global plant conservation to the forefront of our natural world. Botanic gardens research innovation, scientific knowledge, heritage and expertise in sustaining a globally diverse range of plant species could be advantageous in the future design of urban spaces. It is through establishing active engagement between botanic spaces and urban spaces that plant blindness can be challenged, establishing a future vision for botanic gardens and botanic spaces, exploring the role botany could adopt within society.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 7","pages":"2345-2364"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10116099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9924293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct and indirect effects of agricultural land cover on avian biodiversity in eastern Canada.","authors":"Michelle Rabbetts,&nbsp;Lenore Fahrig,&nbsp;Greg W Mitchell,&nbsp;Kevin C Hannah,&nbsp;Sara J Collins,&nbsp;Scott Wilson","doi":"10.1007/s10531-023-02559-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02559-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agriculture is one of the largest threats to global biodiversity. However, most studies have focused only on the direct effects of agriculture on biodiversity, and few have addressed the indirect effects, potentially over or under-estimating the overall impacts of agriculture on biodiversity. The indirect effect is the response not to the agricultural cover types or operations <i>per se</i>, but instead, to the way that agriculture influences the extent and configuration of different types of natural land cover in the landscape. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the direct, indirect, and total effects of agriculture on species richness of three bird guilds: forest birds, shrub-edge birds, and open country birds. We found that forest bird richness was driven by the negative indirect effect of cropland via forest loss. Shrub-edge and open country bird richness increased with the amount of agriculture land covers; however, importantly, we found negative indirect effects of agriculture on both guilds via a reduction in more natural land covers. This latter result highlights how we would have over-estimated the positive effects of agriculture on shrub-edge and open country bird richness had we not measured both direct and indirect effects (i.e., the total effect size is less than the direct effect size). Overall, our results suggest that a bird-friendly agricultural landscape in our region would have forest that is configured to maximize forest edge, and a high proportion of perennial forage within the agricultural portion of the landscape.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10531-023-02559-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":8843,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversity and Conservation","volume":"32 4","pages":"1403-1421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10039827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9219448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}