U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement最新文献

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A Friend in Need: Esther B. Rhoads, Quakers, and Humanitarian Relief in Allied Occupied Japan, 1946–52 《患难中的朋友:1946 - 1952年盟军占领下的日本,以斯帖·b·罗兹、贵格会和人道主义救援》
Marlene J. Mayo
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引用次数: 1
For the Purity of the Nation: Ogawa Masako and the Gendered Ethics of Spring on the Small Island (Kojima no haru) 为了民族的纯洁:小川雅子与小岛上春天的性别伦理(小岛之春)
Kathryn M. Tanaka
{"title":"For the Purity of the Nation: Ogawa Masako and the Gendered Ethics of Spring on the Small Island (Kojima no haru)","authors":"Kathryn M. Tanaka","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Hansen’s disease has a long history in Japan, but it was not directly targeted by legislation until Law Number 11, the “Law Concerning the Prevention of Leprosy” (Rai Yobō ni Kan Suru Ken), was passed in 1907.1 The main object of the law was the confinement of Hansen’s disease sufferers with no family or residence, such as itinerants who begged at temples and shrines.2 Thus patients who received care at home were exempt from quarantine.3 To treat vagrant patients, Law Number 11 divided the nation’s prefectures into five groups and established joint-prefectural public hospitals that began accepting sufferers in 1909.4 Mitsuda Kensuke (1876–1964) was Japan’s most influential leprologist and a proponent of isolation policies. Originally employed in a small isolation ward in a Tokyo hospital, he later worked at Zensei Hospital (Zensei Byōin, today Tama Zenshō-en), at the time one of the prefectural hospitals in Tokyo. He lobbied the Japanese government to establish a national facility on an island, based on similar quarantine hospitals in the Philippines and Hawai‘i. At Mitsuda’s urging, the Japanese government established the first national sanatorium, Nagashima Aisei-en (hereafter Aisei-en), on an island in the Inland Sea. Mitsuda became the first director of the institution.","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"31 1","pages":"114 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74066360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to Be a Domestic Goddess: Female Film Stars and the Housewife Role in Postwar Japan 如何成为家庭女神:战后日本女电影明星与家庭主妇角色
J. Coates
{"title":"How to Be a Domestic Goddess: Female Film Stars and the Housewife Role in Postwar Japan","authors":"J. Coates","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0005","url":null,"abstract":"How are mass publics persuaded to accept new gendered roles? The capacity of popular media to influence our understandings of the roles available and appropriate to us has proved a fascinating topic for researchers across a wide range of disciplines, and for academic and nonacademic writers alike. The case of early postwar Japan is particularly engaging in terms of this question because a booming popular press, rapidly increasing cinema attendance, and occupation censorship of mass media productions combined to create a complex nexus of factors that influenced popular understandings of how to be a post-defeat Japanese citizen. Gendered roles were publicly scrutinized as Allied occupation agendas clashed with grassroots understandings of gendered performance. Mass media productions were co-opted into the project of reforming the roles and identities available to the Japanese public during the early years of the occupation (1945–52). The Japanese cinema and its surrounding print media generated alternately seductive and disciplining affects (emotions or desires) around these new gendered roles. The role of full-time professional housewife was not only one of the more highprofile roles under discussion in the popular press of the postwar era but continues to inform how Japanese home life is understood, both domestically and internationally, today. This role has been imagined alternately as an import from the United States, as a continuation of the gendered behavior of Japan’s recent past, and as a modern way of living in the new highrise housing developments (danchi) that visually confirmed Japan’s postwar rebuilding.","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"130 1","pages":"29 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79221609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Cold War Manifest Domesticity: The “Kitchen Debate” and Single American Occupationnaire Women in the U.S. Occupation of Japan, 1945–1952 冷战明显的家庭生活:1945-1952年美国占领日本期间的“厨房辩论”和单身美国职业妇女
Michiko Takeuchi
{"title":"Cold War Manifest Domesticity: The “Kitchen Debate” and Single American Occupationnaire Women in the U.S. Occupation of Japan, 1945–1952","authors":"Michiko Takeuchi","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0004","url":null,"abstract":"On October 18, 1945, the U.S. Women’s Army Corps (WAC) disembarked at Yokohama to participate in the U.S. occupation of Japan (1945–52). Sharply dressed in uniform skirts and wearing aviator glasses, these white American women provided a stark contrast to the majority of Japanese women who, after the horrors and deprivations of World War II, were emaciated and shabbily dressed in wartime workpants. In defeated, bomb-destroyed Japan, where 9 million of the country’s 72 million people were homeless, the division between occupier and occupied was visible not only in terms of race but also in the material affluence of the conquerors.1 Some of these American women, or “occupationnaires,” led by Lieutenant Ethel Weed (1906–75) of the Civil Information and Education Section (CIE) under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP), were assigned to formulate policies to “liberate” Japanese women. In this context, white American women were to be bearers of democracy, while Japanese women were to be subject to “liberation” and tutelage at their hands.2 The occupation highlighted this cultural construction of American and Japanese women, including the economic divide between them, to justify the imposition of policies that purported to offer the Japanese a better life—that is, a more","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"23 1","pages":"28 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73190466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tenkin, New Marital Relationships, and Women’s Challenges in Employment and Family 新婚姻关系与女性在就业和家庭中的挑战
N. Fujita
{"title":"Tenkin, New Marital Relationships, and Women’s Challenges in Employment and Family","authors":"N. Fujita","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Along with significant demographic change caused by declining birthrates and an aging population, Japan is facing a labor shortage. The government has tried to implement labor market reforms, setting two objectives—women’s job continuity and promotion—as major strategies to increase the total labor force (Kantei 2014). The Act on Promotion of Women’s Participation and Advancement in the Workplace (Josei Katsuyaku Suishin Hō) was put into effect in April 2016. This legislation encouraged firms to boost women’s active participation in the workforce through measures that included an increase in the number of female managers (Gender Equality Bureau 2016). These reforms have cast a larger spotlight on women’s employment. I argue that these government actions, however, may make little contribution to women’s promotion in the workplace because of the tenkin system: the established business practice of various kinds of personnel transfer that require the employee to move house (JILPT 2005: 64).1 In most corporations, both blue-collar and white-collar regular workers (seishain) are trained and promoted using personnel transfers (Cole 1979, Sugayama 2011, Gordon 2012). For blue-collar workers, these transfers are a means by which they acquire new technical skills and receive employment security, even in the case of plant closures (Yamamoto 1967, Koike 1977). For white-collar, career-track employees, transfers facilitate promotion by helping them develop their managerial skills and thereby ascend the corporate hierarchy (Hatvany and Pucik 1981, Pucik 1984, Koike 1991). But transfers","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"42 1","pages":"115 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73744730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
From the Margins of Meiji Society: Space and Gender in Higuchi Ichiyō’s “Troubled Waters” 从明治社会的边缘看:通口一井《浑水》中的空间与性别
M. Manabe
{"title":"From the Margins of Meiji Society: Space and Gender in Higuchi Ichiyō’s “Troubled Waters”","authors":"M. Manabe","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Written and published in 1895, Higuchi Ichiyō’s (1872–96) celebrated short story “Troubled Waters” (Nigorie) centers on Oriki, a beautiful prostitute who serves as the major attraction at an illegal brothel called the Kikunoi. The power of the story lies largely in its effective portrayal of this complex heroine, who is tormented not only by what her profession requires of her but by the family history that drove her into prostitution in the first place, even as she flaunts the façade of a cheerful and willful woman of the pleasure quarters. The centrality of Oriki’s anguish in the narrative has also shaped studies of “Troubled Waters.” In recent years, Timothy J. Van Compernolle has offered a compelling rereading of the text in this vein by analyzing how Oriki’s psychological portraiture is constructed by combining two literary paradigms—(1) shinjū-mono (love-suicide plays) of the early modern period, made canonical by Chikamatsu Monzaemon in the early eighteenth century; and (2) success stories of the Meiji period that center on the ideology of risshin shusse, the modern ideology that lauds worldly success, which had already firmly established itself in the popular imagination by the time of Ichiyō’s writing.1 Van Compernolle’s reading situates “Troubled Waters” at the intersection of the two literary genres and the social mores of the two respective historical periods. This has been a welcome addition to readings that challenge the problematic tendencies that plagued earlier studies of Ichiyō’s texts: (a) overemphasis on Ichiyō’s classical style, which led some critics to overlook her","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"32 1","pages":"26 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Will Japan “Lean In” to Gender Equality? 日本会“向前一步”实现性别平等吗?
L. Coleman
{"title":"Will Japan “Lean In” to Gender Equality?","authors":"L. Coleman","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook’s Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg briefly met Japanese Prime Minister Abe Shinzo in May 2013 on her tour to bring the “Lean In” movement, based on her women’s empowerment book of the same name, to Japan. The would-be hero of the contemporary American women’s movement met the conservative would-be hero of Japan, and found that they had a common solution to the divergent problems set before them—namely, women’s empowerment in the workplace. Sandberg asserts that women’s success in top professions requires them to renew commitment to their careers and invest in themselves, while Abe argues that breaking out of Japan’s economic doldrums requires a jolt of energy to be obtained by putting more women in corporate boardrooms. If Japan has ever needed a postwar hero, surely the time is now. Abe, serving his second term as prime minister, faces a host of challenges: national debt level over 200 percent of GDP, low economic growth rates in a stubbornly deflationary economy, and an extremely low birthrate that seems to pose an existential threat to the Japanese nation itself—not to mention the challenge of recovery from the devastating “triple disaster” of the March 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear meltdown. These challenges seem all the more daunting against the backdrop of a rising China that seems, at least to many of Abe’s associates, to be set on reshaping the regional order and pushing Japan into the background. Across these very different but interrelated debates about Japan’s economic and social challenges, the slow pace of Japanese women’s progress is frequently posited as the central problem of the country’s modernization and development. Women’s social advancement is represented as capable of unlocking all of Japan’s problems, from lack of alignment with international norms to economic development to national renewal of","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"11 1","pages":"25 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84177573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Angels and Elephants: Historical Allegories in Ogawa Yōko’s 2006 Mīna no kōshin 天使与大象:小川的历史寓言Yōko 2006年Mīna no kōshin
Everett Zimmerman
{"title":"Angels and Elephants: Historical Allegories in Ogawa Yōko’s 2006 Mīna no kōshin","authors":"Everett Zimmerman","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0000","url":null,"abstract":"In Ogawa Yōko’s Mīna no kōshin (Mena’s procession, 2006), the adult narrator Tomoko regularly gazes at a token from her past: a photo taken in 1973 when Tomoko, aged 12, spent a year with her wealthy aunt, uncle, and cousin in a spacious mansion outside Ashiya.1 Glancing down at the photo, Tomoko moves along an odd cast of characters: Mena, her cousin, whose chestnut-colored eyes and brown-black hair testify to her partGerman heritage; Mena’s mother, father, and her brother Ryūichi; and Rosa, her German Jewish grandmother. Next to Rosa stand the faithful housekeeper, Yoneda, and Kobayashi, the groundskeeper, who guards Pochiko, the family pet, a pigmy hippo who once lived in the wealthy family’s small zoo. Gazing at the photo, Tomoko utters the reassuring words to herself, “Every time I look at the photo, I whisper, ‘Everyone is here, it’s OK, no one is missing’” (Mīna no kōshin, 197).2 Tomoko’s use of the present tense serves as a hedge against reality: in her mind at least, Ashiya remains unchanged over time. At the beginning of the novel, Tomoko also seems unable to shake off the illusion of stasis: “In","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"25 1","pages":"68 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73816960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Topographies of Intimacy: Sex and Shibuya in Hasegawa Junko’s Prisoner of Solitude 亲密的地形:长谷川纯子的《孤独的囚徒》中的性和涩谷
D. Holloway
{"title":"Topographies of Intimacy: Sex and Shibuya in Hasegawa Junko’s Prisoner of Solitude","authors":"D. Holloway","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2016.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2016.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This essay begins at the end, with the question that brings Hasegawa Junko’s (b. 1966) novel Kodoku no ii nari (Prisoner of solitude) to a close: “Hey, wanna have some fun?”1 The novel’s protagonist, Mayuko, who is not yet adjusted to her life as a streetwalker, chooses an unlikely interlocutor. With a hunched back and bird-like face, he does not fit the profile of a typical john. But there on the street, she is inexplicably drawn to him. The man seems burdened by loneliness, the narrator explains, just like Mayuko. So she calls out to him. But the novel ends before he can respond, a fitting conclusion to a narrative concerned with the ways in which Mayuko has been betrayed by intimacy’s empty promises. This essay is concerned with Mayuko’s story, and the critique of gendered institutions of intimacy that is embedded in her descent from being a woman who aspires to love and affection to one who has settled for picking up men on the street. Rather than exploring the possibilities of streetwalking as a vehicle for female and feminist agency, Hasegawa uses Mayuko’s turn to the street to ask why some women feel worthless without men, why women’s bodies continue to be of critical social importance. Mayuko does not find streetwalking exhilarating or empowering. Instead, it is an expression of her powerlessness and invisibility: only by reducing herself to a body is she able to draw the attention of men who otherwise have no interest in her. Thus Hasegawa interrogates the instability of emotional intimacy and human connection in the face of sex with no strings attached.","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"7 1","pages":"51 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89678306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Women Educating Women: Class, Feminism, and Formal Education in the Proletarian Writing of Hirabayashi Taiko and Kang Kyŏng-ae 妇女教育妇女:平林太子和康的无产阶级写作中的阶级、女权主义和正规教育Kyŏng-ae
Elizabeth Grace
{"title":"Women Educating Women: Class, Feminism, and Formal Education in the Proletarian Writing of Hirabayashi Taiko and Kang Kyŏng-ae","authors":"Elizabeth Grace","doi":"10.1353/JWJ.2015.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/JWJ.2015.0006","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a modern literature in Japan and Korea, much like the concept of modernity itself, was an inherently gendered one. And nowhere was the gendered nature of emergent modernity more explicit than in portrayals of women in prose fiction. Canonical novels such as Yi Kwang-su’s Mujŏng (The heartless, 1917) and Tanizaki Jun’ichirō’s Chijin no ai (A fool’s love, 1924) were clear examples of the manner in which this new guise of womanhood was received as a corollary to the creation of a modern nation-state. In Mujŏng, for example, Sheila Miyoshi Jager suggests that the protagonist Hyŏng-sik’s “obsession with the state of Yŏng-chae’s body and its ambiguous purity is a central focus of the novel and plays a central role in Hyŏng-sik’s struggles with his (and the nation’s) identity.”1 But while works by well-known male writers have already been the subject of countless detailed studies, we have yet to elucidate fully how women writers, as women who were themselves subject to the gendered ideologies of modernity, may have comprehended their own positions in the turbulent periods of transition that characterize the first half of the twentieth century in East Asia. The discussion that follows looks at how proletarian women writers in both Japan and Korea became disenchanted with preexisting identities for women, denoted by labels such as “New Woman” (atarashii onna; shin yŏsŏng), “modern girl” (modan gāru;","PeriodicalId":88338,"journal":{"name":"U.S.-Japan women's journal. English supplement = Nichi-Bei josei janaru. English supplement","volume":"11 7","pages":"3 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/JWJ.2015.0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72493292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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