Behavioural Pharmacology最新文献_第5页

The integrative role of orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors within the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the modulation of the stress-induced antinociception in the formalin pain test in the rat. 海马齿状回中的奥曲肽-1和奥曲肽-2受体在大鼠福尔马林疼痛试验中调节应激诱导的抗痛觉中的综合作用。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-15 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000737

Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Matin Baghani, Kobra Askari, Sajad Mazaheri, Abbas Haghparast

{"title":"The integrative role of orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors within the hippocampal dentate gyrus in the modulation of the stress-induced antinociception in the formalin pain test in the rat.","authors":"Arad Bolouri-Roudsari, Matin Baghani, Kobra Askari, Sajad Mazaheri, Abbas Haghparast","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000737","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000737","url":null,"abstract":"The stressful experiences, by triggering a cascade of hormonal and neural changes, can produce antinociception commonly referred to as stress-induced antinociception (SIA). Orexin neuropeptides have an essential role in stress responses and pain modulation. The dentate gyrus receives orexinergic projections and has been shown to be involved in pain processing. The current study investigated the possible role of orexin-1 and orexin-2 receptors (OX1r and OX2r, respectively) within the dentate gyrus in SIA in a rat model of formalin-induced pain behavior in one hind paw. Male Wistar rats weighing 230-250 g underwent stereotaxic surgery and a cannula was implanted in their brains, above the dentate gyrus region. Either SB334867 or TCS OX2 29 (OX1r and OX2r antagonists, respectively) was microinjected into the dentate gyrus region at a range of doses at 1, 3, 10, and 30 nmol (control group received DMSO 12% as vehicle), 5 min before the forced swim stress (FSS) exposure. The formalin test was performed to assess pain-related behaviors. The results indicated that FSS exposure relieves pain-related behavior in the early and late phases of the formalin test. Blockade of intra-dentate gyrus OX1 or OX2 receptors reduced the antinociceptive responses induced by FSS in the formalin test, with more impact during the late phase. Our findings support the potential role of intra-dentate gyrus orexin receptors as target sites of orexin neurons in painful and stressful situations. Therefore, understanding the exact mechanisms of SIA and the role of the orexinergic system in this phenomenon can lead to identifying the strategies to guide future research and offer a new approach to discovering new pain therapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9982063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Announcement of new editor: Bart Ellenbroek. 宣布新任编辑：Bart Ellenbroek。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000767

Louk Vanderschuren

引用次数: 0

Discriminative-stimulus effects of cannabidiol oil in Sprague-Dawley rats. 大麻二酚油对 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠的辨别刺激作用。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000762

Rebecca L Chalmé, Michelle A Frankot, Karen G Anderson

{"title":"Discriminative-stimulus effects of cannabidiol oil in Sprague-Dawley rats.","authors":"Rebecca L Chalmé, Michelle A Frankot, Karen G Anderson","doi":"10.1097/fbp.0000000000000762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000762","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the major centrally active phytocannabinoid components of cannabis, and has been approved by the FDA only for the treatment of seizures associated with three rare disorders. It has also been touted as a potential treatment for anxiety in place of more traditional treatments like benzodiazepines. Although there is some evidence of anxiolytic effects of CBD, its suitability as a substitute for benzodiazepines is unknown. This experiment was designed to assess the extent to which CBD shares interoceptive discriminative-stimulus properties with the anxiolytic drug chlordiazepoxide (CDP), a benzodiazepine. In the present experiment, a range of doses (0-1569 mg/kg) of over-the-counter CBD oil was administered (i.g.) in male Sprague-Dawley rats trained to discriminate 5.6 mg/kg CDP from saline. Due to the long time-course effects of CBD, generalization tests were conducted at 90 and 120 min post-CBD administration. The two highest doses of CBD tested (1064 and 1569 mg/kg) were found to partially substitute for 5.6 mg/kg CDP, with mean percent responding on the CDP-associated lever reaching above 20% at time 2 (120 min post-CBD administration), suggesting that high doses of the over-the-counter CBD oils used in this experiment share interoceptive discriminative-stimulus properties to some degree with CDP. These results are novel in comparison to existing research into stimulus effects of CBD, in which substitution for benzodiazepines has not previously been observed.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CB2 agonist mitigates cocaine-induced reinstatement of place preference and modulates the inflammatory response in mice. CB2 激动剂能减轻可卡因诱导的小鼠位置偏好恢复并调节炎症反应。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000759

Oualid Abboussi, Zmarak Ahmad Khan, Hind Ibork, Simo S Zulu, William Daniels, Khalid Taghzouti, Tim G Hales

{"title":"CB2 agonist mitigates cocaine-induced reinstatement of place preference and modulates the inflammatory response in mice.","authors":"Oualid Abboussi, Zmarak Ahmad Khan, Hind Ibork, Simo S Zulu, William Daniels, Khalid Taghzouti, Tim G Hales","doi":"10.1097/fbp.0000000000000759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/fbp.0000000000000759","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic exposure to cocaine is known to have profound effects on the brain, leading to the dysregulation of inflammatory signalling pathways, the activation of microglia, and the manifestation of cognitive and motivational behavioural impairments. The endocannabinoid system has emerged as a potential mediator of cocaine's deleterious effects. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic potential of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist, JWH-133, in mitigating cocaine-induced inflammation and associated motivational behavioural alterations in an in vivo model. Our research uncovered compelling evidence that JWH-133, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, exerts a significant dampening effect on the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. This effect was accompanied by notable changes in the neurobiological landscape. Specifically, JWH-133 administration was found to upregulate Δ-FOSB expression in the nucleus accumbens (Nac), elevate CX3CL1 levels in both the ventral tegmental area and prefrontal cortex (PFC), and concurrently reduce IL-1β expression in the PFC and NAc among cocaine-treated animals. These findings highlight the modulatory role of CB2 cannabinoid receptor activation in altering the reward-seeking behaviour induced by cocaine. Moreover, they shed light on the intricate interplay between the endocannabinoid system and cocaine-induced neurobiological changes, paving the way for potential therapeutic interventions targeting CB2 receptors in the context of cocaine addiction and associated behavioural deficits.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138692458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

MA-5 ameliorates autism-like behavior in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid. MA-5改善了出生前接触丙戊酸的小鼠的自闭症样行为。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000758

Yasuhiro Nakagami, Mina Nishi

{"title":"MA-5 ameliorates autism-like behavior in mice prenatally exposed to valproic acid.","authors":"Yasuhiro Nakagami, Mina Nishi","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000758","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000758","url":null,"abstract":"Indole-3-acetic acid is a common naturally occurring auxin in plants. A synthesized derivative of this compound, 4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)-4-oxobutanoic acid also called mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5), has shown to increase the survival ratio of fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial disease under stress-induced conditions. Further studies verified its efficacy in pathological models, such as an ischemia-reperfusion model, possibly by increasing ATP production. However, the efficacy of MA-5 in mental disorders, such as anxiety, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), has not been investigated. Our study focused on examining the effect of MA-5 in a mouse model of ASD induced by prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA). VPA exposure significantly deteriorated the level of anxiety and exploratory behavior in an open field test. We fed mice an MA-5-containing diet for 5 weeks and observed an improvement in the above behavior in the MA-5-fed groups. The efficacy of MA-5 was also observed in the elevated plus maze and three-chambered tests. These findings suggest that MA-5 could potentially be used to treat ASD, especially in patients with mitochondrial dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":"34 8","pages":"488-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71420332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of acute and chronic nicotine administration on probability discounting. 急性和慢性尼古丁给药对概率折扣的影响。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000753

Katya A Nolder, Karen G Anderson

{"title":"Effects of acute and chronic nicotine administration on probability discounting.","authors":"Katya A Nolder, Karen G Anderson","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000753","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000753","url":null,"abstract":"Nicotine use is a continuing public health concern. Smokers are more likely to make risky or maladaptive decisions compared to nonsmokers, so the relation between nicotine and risky choice warrants further investigation. Risky choice can be operationally defined as the choice for a larger, uncertain reinforcer over a smaller, certain reinforcer and can be assessed through a probability-discounting procedure. Acute nicotine administration has been shown to alter risky choice, but because the everyday smoker uses nicotine repeatedly, more research on chronic administration is needed and would allow for assessment of tolerance or sensitization of any effects. The present study examined effects of acute and repeated nicotine administration on probability discounting. Sprague-Dawley rats were used as subjects and the probability-discounting task involved discrete-trial choices between a small, certain reinforcer and a larger, uncertain reinforcer. The probability of larger-reinforcer delivery decreased across blocks within each session. Acute nicotine (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) administration dose-dependently increased risky choice, increased lose-stay ratios (a measure of response perseveration), and decreased reinforcement frequency. Tolerance to nicotine's effects on larger-reinforcer choice was observed after repeated 1.0 mg/kg nicotine administration. The results of the present study add to the existing literature that acute nicotine administration increases risky choice and demonstrates that tolerance to this effect develops after chronic exposure to the drug. Possible behavioral mechanisms behind this effect are discussed, as are suggestions for future research on nicotine and risky choice.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"468-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10145556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of l -arginine/NO/cGMP/K ATP channel pathway in the local antinociceptive effect of berberine in the rat formalin test. l-精氨酸/NO/cGMP/K ATP通道通路在黄连素大鼠福尔马林局部镇痛作用中的作用。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000721

Milad Rahemi, Shokooh Mohtadi, Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani, Mohammad Javad Khodayar

{"title":"The role of l -arginine/NO/cGMP/K ATP channel pathway in the local antinociceptive effect of berberine in the rat formalin test.","authors":"Milad Rahemi, Shokooh Mohtadi, Hossein Rajabi Vardanjani, Mohammad Javad Khodayar","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000721","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000721","url":null,"abstract":"Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid naturally produced by several types of plants. Berberine has extensive pharmacological effects, such as anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. In the current study, we assess the antinociceptive effects of berberine and its association with the l -arginine ( l -Arg)/NO/cGMP/K ATP channel pathway via intraplantar administration in rats. To examine the antinociceptive properties of berberine, the formalin test was conducted. The number of rat paw flinches was counted for an h. l -Arg (precursor of nitric oxide, 3-30 μ g/paw), l -NAME (NO synthase inhibitor, 10 and 100 μ g/paw), methylene blue (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 100 and 200 μ g/paw), and glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker, 10 and 30 μ g/paw) were locally injected, respectively, into the right hind paws of rats as a pre-treatment before berberine injection to understand how the l -Arg/NO/cGMP/K ATP pathway plays a role in the antinociceptive effect of berberine. The ipsilateral injection of berberine into the right paw (0.1-10 0 μ g/paw) showed a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in both the first and second phases of the formalin test, almost similar to morphine (25 μ g/paw). Intraplantar injection of l -Arg (30 µg/paw) increased the antinociceptive effect of berberine in the second phase. In addition, injection of l -NAME, methylene blue, and glibenclamide caused a reduction in the antinociceptive effect of berberine throughout the second phase in a dose-dependent manner. However, the antinociceptive effects of berberine in the first phase of the rat formalin test were not affected by this pathway. As a novel local antinociceptive agent, berberine can exert a peripheral antinociceptive effect via the l -Arg/NO/cGMP/K ATP channel pathway.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"449-456"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Histamine and its H 1 receptors in the ventral pallidum mediate formalin-induced pain-related behaviors through this region and spinal cord opioid receptors. 腹侧苍白球中的组胺及其H1受体通过该区域和脊髓阿片受体介导福尔马林诱导的疼痛相关行为。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-06 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000724

Morteza Asgharieh-Ahari, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Amir Erfanparast, Farhad Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad

{"title":"Histamine and its H 1 receptors in the ventral pallidum mediate formalin-induced pain-related behaviors through this region and spinal cord opioid receptors.","authors":"Morteza Asgharieh-Ahari, Esmaeal Tamaddonfard, Amir Erfanparast, Farhad Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000724","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000724","url":null,"abstract":"Many structures of the central nervous system recruit different neurotransmitters in pain processing. This study focused on the contribution of histamine and its H 1 receptors in the ventral pallidum (VP) in mediating pain-triggered behaviors. Intra-VP microinjection of histamine and 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PEA, a histamine H 1 receptor agonist) at the same doses of 0.5 and 1 µg/200 nl reduced both the first and second phases of licking/biting duration as well as flinching number induced by intra-plantar (ipl) injection of formalin (2.5%, 50 µl). Premicroinjection of mepyramine (a histamine H 1 antagonist, 2 µg/200 nl) into the VP antagonized the suppressive effects of 1 µg/200 nl histamine and 2-PEA on licking/biting and flinching behaviors. The possible mechanisms of the above-mentioned pain-reducing effects were followed by intra-VP and intrathecal administration of naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist). Naloxone (2 µg/200 nl) preadministration into the VP inhibited attenuating effects of histamine and 2-PEA on both the licking/biting and flinching behaviors, whereas intrathecal injection of naloxone only inhibited their suppressing effects on flinching behavior. None of the treatments used in this study altered the animal's motor activity. The obtained results may reveal the role of histamine and its activated H 1 receptor in the VP in suppressing the pain behaviors caused by formalin. Opioid receptors in the VP and spinal cord may contribute to these functions.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"457-467"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9194135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chronic pharmacological activation of SERCA with CDN1163 affects spatial cognitive flexibility but not attention and impulsivity in mice. CDN1163对SERCA的慢性药理学激活影响小鼠的空间认知灵活性，但不影响注意力和冲动性。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000756

Benjamin Klocke, Carter Moore, Hayden Ott, Pothitos M Pitychoutis

{"title":"Chronic pharmacological activation of SERCA with CDN1163 affects spatial cognitive flexibility but not attention and impulsivity in mice.","authors":"Benjamin Klocke, Carter Moore, Hayden Ott, Pothitos M Pitychoutis","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000756","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000756","url":null,"abstract":"Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is critical for many neural processes, including learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) is among the key regulators that preserve Ca2+ homeostasis in neurons. SERCAs comprise a set of ubiquitously expressed Ca2+ pumps that primarily function to sequester cytosolic Ca2+ into endoplasmic reticular stores. As SERCA has been implicated in the neurobiology of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, pharmacological harnessing of its function is critical in understanding SERCA’s role in brain physiology and pathophysiology. In the current study, we employed the Morris water maze and 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) to investigate the effects of chronic pharmacological activation of SERCA, using the small allosteric SERCA activator CDN1163, on spatial learning and memory, and executive functioning in naive C57BL/6J mice. Our data show that chronic pharmacological SERCA activation with CDN1163 (20 mg/kg) selectively impairs spatial cognitive flexibility and reversal learning in the Morris water maze while leaving executive functions such as attention and impulsivity intact. Present findings contribute to the growing field of the role of SERCA function in the brain and behavior and expand current knowledge on the use of the small allosteric activator CDN1163 as an investigational tool to study the role of SERCA in regulating neurobehavioral processes and as a potential therapeutic candidate for debilitating brain disorders.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":"34 8","pages":"477-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10624114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71420331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Methodological approach: using a within-subjects design in the marble burying assay. 方法论方法：在大理石掩埋试验中使用受试者内部设计。

IF 1.6 4区心理学

Behavioural Pharmacology Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000752

Kaitlyn J Partridge, Ruth Olson, Todd M Hillhouse

{"title":"Methodological approach: using a within-subjects design in the marble burying assay.","authors":"Kaitlyn J Partridge, Ruth Olson, Todd M Hillhouse","doi":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000752","DOIUrl":"10.1097/FBP.0000000000000752","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016, the National Institutes of Health mandated the use of both male and female mice in funded research. The use of both sexes is an important variable to consider; however, it comes with negative consequences such as increased animal expenses. One way to combat these negatives is to explore the option of using a within-subjects design (repeated measures) in behavioral assays that historically use a between-subjects design. Our study aimed to determine if a within-subjects design can be utilized in the marble burying assay. The marble burying assay is used as a tool for screening putative anxiolytic compounds as the assay is thought to measure obsessive-compulsive disorder- or anxiety-like behaviors. First, we compared the effects of sex and digging medium (corn cob or Sani Chip) on the number of marbles buried using CD-1 mice. Second, we determined if mice would continue to bury marbles after repeated exposures to the test arena. Lastly, we tested three positive controls (buspirone, ketamine, and fluoxetine). We found that mice buried significantly more marbles within Sani Chip digging medium, and no sex differences were observed. Next, the number of marbles buried and locomotor activity remained consistent across four test sessions. The positive controls buspirone (3.2-10 mg/kg) ketamine (32 mg/kg), and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) decreased the number of marbles buried using the within-subjects design. These data suggest that a within-subjects design is optimal for the marble burying assay as it will reduce the number of animals and increase statistical power.","PeriodicalId":8832,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"494-499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10152043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0